CN212551735U - In-situ energy controlled selective laser melting device - Google Patents
In-situ energy controlled selective laser melting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN212551735U CN212551735U CN202021275882.XU CN202021275882U CN212551735U CN 212551735 U CN212551735 U CN 212551735U CN 202021275882 U CN202021275882 U CN 202021275882U CN 212551735 U CN212551735 U CN 212551735U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a laser selective melting device controlled by in-situ energy, which is characterized in that a path of synchronously scanned flat-top large light spot is newly added, energy below a powder melting point threshold is provided, powder preheating/solidification rate regulation and control are carried out, annealing treatment is carried out on formed metal, temperature gradient is reduced, forming internal stress is reduced, and therefore behaviors such as deformation, cracking and the like caused by stress are reduced; meanwhile, because the energy input lower than the melting point threshold of the material is provided, the original SLM small light spot can complete the melting of the material only by providing lower energy input, and the poor conditions of molten pool splashing, micro-pore generation and the like are favorably improved. The utility model discloses mode based on normal position energy control has realized time and spatial distribution of laser energy. The utility model discloses when effectively reducing the shaping part in-process and producing the defect, still realize solidifying the control of rate and then regulation and control tissue evolution, to stable, high-performance part of high-efficient ground shaping, promote the wide application of vibration material disk technique and have the great effect.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of increase material manufacturing, concretely relates to laser election district melting device of normal position energy control.
Background
The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technology for realizing layer-by-layer molding of molded parts by rapidly melting and solidifying irradiated powder through high-energy laser. In the selective laser melting and forming process, due to uneven heat distribution (uneven heat transfer process) and unbalanced mass transfer process caused by uneven heat distribution inside a micro-melting pool formed by a powder bed under the irradiation of laser spots distributed in a Gaussian manner, extremely large thermal stress is easily generated inside a cooled and solidified tissue structure, so that the problems of stress deformation, cracking and the like of a formed part occur, and even the forming process fails. In addition, the molten pool formed by the powder under the action of high-energy laser is easy to splash, and the like, and the problems cannot be fundamentally solved by the existing regulation and control means such as adding a preheating system, modifying the powder, regulating process parameters (laser parameters, scanning parameters and the like), subsequent heat treatment and the like.
With the development of the laser beam shaping technology, the laser beam shaping technology is combined with the selective laser area melting technology, so that the problems of high stress and high splashing in the selective laser area melting forming process can be effectively solved. The laser beam shaping technology based on the diffraction optical principle can shape an original laser beam into a beam distributed according to specific space intensity through wavefront conversion. The technology can convert a laser beam with Gaussian energy distribution into a flat-top large light spot with uniformly distributed energy. Based on an in-situ energy control concept, the flat-top large light spot is applied to annealing treatment of a structure after powder preheating/forming in a selective laser melting process on the basis of an original SLM, so that the defects of internal stress, cracks and the like of a formed part can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the flat-top large light spot provides energy lower than a material melting point threshold, so that the original SLM can be melted and formed by inputting lower energy, and the splashing of a molten pool can be reduced. At present, the diffractive optical shaping element has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low manufacturing cost, high diffraction efficiency and the like, and the combination of the laser beam shaping technology and the selective laser melting technology has wide application prospect for improving the quality of a formed part.
New release studies of the ActaMaterialia, a national laboratory top journal of Lawrence Levermore in the United states, in 2 months 2020, show that the spatial and temporal distribution of laser spots can be changed to customize 3D printing organization and performance. The appearance of the light spots with different shapes has great influence on the growth of the solidification tissue and the formation of the microstructure, so that a new path is opened for laser 3D printing. However, the mode of controlling the laser energy by only changing the spot shape is still single and has limited amplitude.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses a main aim at overcomes prior art's shortcoming and not enough, the utility model provides a melting device is distinguished to laser selection of normal position energy control, theory based on normal position energy control, newly-increased flat-top big facula of the same kind on former SLM basis, this flat-top big facula is nested synthetic with former SLM little facula, the flat-top big facula is just/burden out of focus state at the processing plane, the annealing of the powder preheating/shaping after-tissue of mainly used laser selection district melting in-process, can effectively reduce the internal stress of shaping part, defects such as crackle, the energy that is less than material melting point threshold value is provided simultaneously, make former SLM light path input lower energy can melt the shaping promptly, be favorable to reducing the molten bath and splash, promote part shaping quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a selective laser melting device controlled by in-situ energy comprises a selective laser melting and forming small light spot light path device, a newly-increased flat top large light spot light path device and selective laser melting and forming equipment, wherein the selective laser melting and forming small light spot light path device and the newly-increased flat top large light spot light path device are arranged on the selective laser melting and forming equipment;
the laser selective melting forming small light spot light path device comprises a first laser, a first collimator, a first scanning vibration mirror, a laser fiber shaper and a first f-theta mirror, wherein a laser beam is emitted by the first laser, expanded by the first collimator, enters the first scanning vibration mirror, and is finally focused on a forming plane under the action of the first f-theta mirror to perform laser selective melting on powder;
the newly-added flat-top large-spot light path device comprises a second laser, a second collimator, a second scanning galvanometer and a second f-theta lens, wherein a laser beam is emitted by the second laser, enters a laser beam shaper for shaping after being expanded by the second collimator, then passes through the second scanning galvanometer and is defocused positively/negatively on a forming plane under the action of the second f-theta lens to form a large spot, and is preheated/annealed according to a preset forming path.
Furthermore, the selective laser melting and forming equipment comprises a powder spreading brush, a first powder recovery cylinder, a forming cylinder, a lifting servo motor, a powder cylinder and a second powder recovery cylinder; the first powder recovery cylinder and the second powder recovery cylinder are arranged on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the selective laser melting and forming equipment, and the powder spreading brush is arranged above the forming cylinder; the powder cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the selective laser melting and forming equipment; the lifting servo motor is arranged at the bottom of the forming cylinder.
Further, the first laser is a 1064nm fiber laser;
further, the second laser is a 1064nm fiber laser or a 450nm blue laser.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model, following advantage and beneficial effect have:
1. the utility model discloses the big facula laser of newly-increased flat top can provide the energy that is less than material melting point threshold value, and the melting of metal powder can be realized to the original SLM laser beam only input lower energy this moment, and this the action of splashing of the little molten bath of powder and the micropore defect inside the part of being favorable to reducing;
2. the utility model discloses the nested distribution and synchronous scanning of laser election district melting shaping facula and newly-increased flat top big facula, newly-increased flat top big facula accessible just/burden out of focus mode changes its size of acting on the powder bed, and this further controls laser energy in time and space, and then controls the heat flow distribution of molten bath and molten bath melting/solidification rate, regulates and control SLM and forms and evolves in the tissue under the unbalanced fast melting solidification mechanism;
3. the utility model discloses newly-increased flat top big facula realizes the annealing treatment to the preheating treatment of powder and solidification metal in the forming process, is favorable to reducing temperature gradient, reduces the internal stress that takes shape to reduce behaviors such as deformation, fracture that stress leads to.
4. The utility model discloses a newly-increased flat top large light spot laser can preheat/annealing in real time in the forming process, and this makes the forming process integrate more, and the means that reduces thermal stress in real time is favorable to reducing the part and takes place the deformation possibility in the forming process moreover, improves the fashioned stability of part.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a selective laser melting apparatus based on in-situ energy control;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the selective laser melting method based on in-situ energy control according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second light path forming a flat-topped large light spot by positive/negative defocusing;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the coaxial nested synthesis of a small spot formed by selective laser melting and a large spot with a newly added flat top;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of energy distribution of a selective laser melting forming small spot and a newly increased flat-top large spot.
The reference numbers illustrate: 1-a first laser; 2-a first collimator; 3-a first scanning galvanometer; 4-a second scanning galvanometer; 5-laser beam shaper; 6-a second collimator; 7-a second laser; 8-a first f-theta mirror; 9-a second f-theta mirror; 10-forming the part; 11-spreading and painting; 12-a first powder recovery tank; 13-a forming cylinder; 14-a lifting servo motor; 15-powder jar; 16-a second powder recovery tank;
wherein: a-selecting a laser area to melt and form a small light spot laser beam; b-newly adding a flat-top large-spot laser beam; b1-shaped powder pre-heat area; b2 — solidified metal anneal treated region; r-energy threshold required for melting point of the powder material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the in-situ energy-controlled selective laser melting device of the present embodiment includes a selective laser melting device for forming a small light spot, a new flat-top large light spot light path device, and a selective laser melting device, where the selective laser melting device for forming a small light spot and the new flat-top large light spot light path device are disposed on the selective laser melting device; in this embodiment, a new path of synchronously scanned flat-top large light spot is added to provide energy below the melting point threshold of the powder, the powder preheating/solidification rate is regulated, and the formed metal is annealed to reduce the temperature gradient and the forming internal stress, thereby reducing the behaviors such as deformation, cracking and the like caused by the stress.
Furthermore, the laser selective melting forming small light spot light path device comprises a first laser 1, a first collimator 2, a first scanning vibration mirror 3 and a first f-theta mirror 8, wherein laser beams are emitted by the first laser 1, expanded by the first collimator 2, enter the first scanning vibration mirror 3, and finally are focused on a forming plane under the action of the first f-theta mirror 8 to perform laser selective melting on powder.
Further, the newly-increased flat-top large-spot light path device comprises a second laser 7, a second collimator 6, a second scanning galvanometer 4, a laser fiber shaper 5 and a second f-theta mirror 9, wherein a laser beam is emitted by the second laser 7, enters the laser beam shaper 5 for shaping after being expanded by the second collimator 6, then passes through the second scanning galvanometer 4 and is defocused positively/negatively on a forming plane into a large spot under the action of the second f-theta mirror 9, and is preheated/annealed according to a preset forming path.
Furthermore, the selective laser melting and forming equipment comprises a powder spreading brush 11, a first powder recovery cylinder 12, a forming cylinder 13, a lifting servo motor 14, a powder cylinder 15 and a second powder recovery cylinder 16; the first powder recovery cylinder 12 and the second powder recovery cylinder 16 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the selective laser melting and forming equipment, and the powder spreading brush 11 is arranged above the forming cylinder 13; the powder cylinder 15 is arranged at the bottom of the selective laser melting and forming equipment; the lifting servo motor 14 is arranged at the bottom of the forming cylinder where the formed part 10 is subjected to the forming operation.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first laser is a 1064nm fiber laser;
furthermore, in this embodiment, the second laser is a 1064nm fiber laser or a 450nm blue laser.
As shown in fig. 2-5, the present invention provides a selective laser melting technique and method with in-situ energy control, and the specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the selective laser melting and forming system based on in-situ energy control provides a selective laser melting and forming small-spot laser beam A (a first light path) and a newly-increased flat-top large-spot laser beam B (a second light path); the scanning path data and the laser scanning speed of the two laser beams are kept consistent, meanwhile, the simultaneous light emission is ensured by adjusting the laser delay parameters of the two laser beams, the focusing and scanning center positions of the two laser beams are the same, the scanning tracks of the small-spot laser beam and the flat-top large-spot laser beam can be kept synchronous in the SLM forming process, and the two large-spot laser beams and the two small-spot laser beams are kept coaxially nested on a forming and processing plane;
step two: in the process of melting powder by using a selective laser melting forming small spot laser beam A, laser is emitted by a first laser (1064nm fiber laser), passes through a first collimator, is focused into a small spot on a forming processing plane under the action of a first f-theta mirror, and is controlled by a first scanning vibration mirror to move on the forming processing surface according to a preset forming path so as to melt powder materials;
step three: in the process of preheating/annealing the newly-increased flat-top large-spot laser beam B, laser is emitted by a second laser (1064nm fiber laser or 450nm blue laser), passes through a second collimator, is subjected to laser shaping by a laser beam shaper, is in a positive/negative defocusing state (shown in figure 3) under the action of a second f-theta mirror on a forming processing plane, provides energy lower than a material melting point threshold value R, is controlled by a second scanning galvanometer to follow a forming beam, and is subjected to preheating/annealing treatment on the forming processing surface according to a preset forming path;
step four: the powder bed is synchronously scanned by a coaxial light spot formed by combining a selective laser melting forming small light spot laser beam A and a newly-increased flat-top large light spot laser beam B on the forming processing surface, and the whole part forming process is jointly completed.
After the double-laser synchronous forming is completed, the flat-top large light spot uniform energy density light spot can be remelted, and the forming quality of the product is further improved. During remelting, laser parameters of the flat-top large light spot are set so that the laser parameters adopt larger energy input to reach the melting point of the material, and solidified metal is remelted and solidified through light spot irradiation with uniform energy in the remelting process, so that internal stress can be reduced, defects of incompletely-melted powder and the like are reduced, and the density, the surface quality and the like are improved.
Furthermore, in the in-situ energy control-based selective laser melting system in the first step, on one hand, the laser is required to have a sufficiently high energy density, and on the other hand, the accurate and controllable time sequence of light emission and light closing and stable energy in the light emission process are ensured, so that the nested synthesis and synchronous scanning of the two laser beams are realized. In the actual forming process, nesting and synchronous scanning of two laser beam light spots can be realized by adjusting the light-emitting and light-closing delays of the laser.
Further, the newly added flat-top large light spot in the step one can change the size of the acting area of the newly added flat-top large light spot on the powder bed by changing the positive/negative defocusing distance. The size of the newly increased flat-top large light spot can be determined according to the physical property of the powder material, the scanning interval, the splashing condition of the molten pool and the like.
Further, the laser in the third step can be selected from a fiber laser and a short-wavelength blue laser, when the laser is a fiber laser, the laser can be converted into a flat-top large-spot laser beam with uniformly distributed energy through a laser beam shaper, and preheating/annealing treatment is carried out; when the laser is a blue laser, the process same as that of the fiber laser can be realized, and energy input can be cooperatively controlled in situ by two groups of laser beams with different wavelengths, so that an energy input regulation and control means is increased.
Further, the laser beam shaper in step three can convert the laser beam with gaussian energy distribution into the flat-top light spot with uniform energy distribution, and the size of the flat-top light spot can be adjusted through the collimator.
Further, the action mechanism of the coaxial light spots on the powder bed in the first and fourth steps is that in the forward movement direction of the laser, the powder firstly passes through a preheating area B1 with a lower temperature in the flat-top large light spot for preheating treatment, then is melted and solidified under the irradiation of the Gaussian light spot, and the solidified metal passes through a solidified metal annealing treatment area B2 in the flat-top large light spot with a lower temperature for annealing treatment (as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5). Therefore, the preheating/annealing treatment can be carried out in real time in the forming process by adding the flat-top large-spot laser, so that the forming process is more integrated, and the means of reducing the thermal stress in real time is favorable for reducing the possibility of deformation of parts in the forming process and improving the forming stability of the parts.
As mentioned above, the utility model adds a new path of synchronously scanned flat-top large light spot on the basis of the original SLM, and carries out the annealing treatment of powder preheating/solidification metal below the threshold of the melting point of the powder, which is beneficial to reducing the temperature gradient and reducing the forming internal stress, thereby reducing the behaviors of deformation, cracking and the like caused by the stress; meanwhile, energy input lower than the melting point threshold of the material is provided, and at the moment, the original SLM small light spot can complete melting of the material only by providing low energy input, so that the adverse conditions of molten pool splashing, micro-pore generation and the like can be improved. Additionally, the utility model discloses based on normal position energy control's mode, realized time and spatial distribution of laser energy, this is to the regulation and control rate of solidifying and then regulation and control tissue evolution have great meaning. Therefore, the utility model discloses when effectively reducing the shaping part in-process and producing the defect, can also realize solidifying the control of rate and then regulating and control the tissue evolution, to stable, high-performance part of high-efficient ground shaping, promote the wide application of vibration material disk technique and have the great effect.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be equivalent replacement modes, and all are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The in-situ energy-controlled selective laser melting device is characterized by comprising a selective laser melting and forming small light spot light path device, a newly-increased flat top large light spot light path device and selective laser melting and forming equipment, wherein the selective laser melting and forming small light spot light path device and the newly-increased flat top large light spot light path device are arranged on the selective laser melting and forming equipment;
the laser selective melting forming small light spot light path device comprises a first laser, a first collimator, a first scanning vibration mirror, a laser fiber shaper and a first f-theta mirror, wherein a laser beam is emitted by the first laser, expanded by the first collimator, enters the first scanning vibration mirror, and is finally focused on a forming plane under the action of the first f-theta mirror to perform laser selective melting on powder;
the newly-added flat-top large-spot light path device comprises a second laser, a second collimator, a second scanning galvanometer and a second f-theta lens, wherein a laser beam is emitted by the second laser, enters a laser beam shaper for shaping after being expanded by the second collimator, then passes through the second scanning galvanometer and is defocused positively/negatively on a forming plane under the action of the second f-theta lens to form a large spot, and is preheated/annealed according to a preset forming path.
2. The in-situ energy-controlled selective laser melting device according to claim 1, wherein the selective laser melting and forming equipment comprises a powder spreading brush, a first powder recovery cylinder, a forming cylinder, a lifting servo motor, a powder cylinder and a second powder recovery cylinder; the first powder recovery cylinder and the second powder recovery cylinder are arranged on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the selective laser melting and forming equipment, and the powder spreading brush is arranged above the forming cylinder; the powder cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the selective laser melting and forming equipment; the lifting servo motor is arranged at the bottom of the forming cylinder.
3. The in-situ energy-controlled selective laser melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first laser is a 1064nm fiber laser.
4. The in-situ energy-controlled selective laser melting device of claim 1, wherein the second laser is a 1064nm fiber laser or a 450nm blue laser.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111842892A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-10-30 | 华南理工大学 | In-situ energy-controlled selective laser melting device and method |
| CN114643369A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-06-21 | 湖南华曙高科技股份有限公司 | Double-laser composite system and double-laser scanning method |
| WO2023077282A1 (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-05-11 | 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 | Laser 3d printing method and laser 3d printing device |
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2020
- 2020-07-03 CN CN202021275882.XU patent/CN212551735U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111842892A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-10-30 | 华南理工大学 | In-situ energy-controlled selective laser melting device and method |
| CN111842892B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2024-02-20 | 华南理工大学 | Laser selective melting device and method controlled by in-situ energy |
| WO2023077282A1 (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-05-11 | 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 | Laser 3d printing method and laser 3d printing device |
| CN114643369A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-06-21 | 湖南华曙高科技股份有限公司 | Double-laser composite system and double-laser scanning method |
| CN114643369B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-11-14 | 湖南华曙高科技股份有限公司 | Double-laser composite system and double-laser scanning method |
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