CN111036905A - Method for improving density and avoiding hole defects by using layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting - Google Patents

Method for improving density and avoiding hole defects by using layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111036905A
CN111036905A CN201911313075.4A CN201911313075A CN111036905A CN 111036905 A CN111036905 A CN 111036905A CN 201911313075 A CN201911313075 A CN 201911313075A CN 111036905 A CN111036905 A CN 111036905A
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layer
alloy powder
laser remelting
laser
remelting
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严鹏飞
严彪
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/364—Process control of energy beam parameters for post-heating, e.g. remelting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/37—Process control of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving density and avoiding hole defects by using layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting, which comprises the following steps: 1) laying a layer of alloy powder, and then scanning the layer of alloy powder for multiple times in the same area to finish multiple laser remelting of the layer; 2) laying another layer of alloy powder on the alloy powder layer subjected to laser remelting, and then scanning the same area for multiple times to complete multiple laser remelting of the layer; 3) and repeating the step 2) until the printing is finished. Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting method, which can increase the density of the surface of a printing blank, is not easy to generate the splashing problem and avoids the defect of holes.

Description

Method for improving density and avoiding hole defects by using layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of selective laser melting, and relates to a method for improving density and avoiding hole defects by using layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting.
Background
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is one kind of additive manufacturing, is a rapid molding technology for metal powder, and can directly mold metal parts with nearly complete density and good mechanical properties. The SLM technology overcomes the trouble of complicated process of manufacturing metal parts by a Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology.
At present, when the SLM process carries out single-pass scanning, if the power density is too small, the problem that the surface of a blank is not sintered tightly enough can occur; if the power density is too high, the blank has a hole defect problem due to the gasification and splashing of the powder. It can be seen that the requirement for controlling the power density is high when the single-channel scanning is performed, and the control difficulty is high. In addition, some powder raw materials have the problems of being too small or too large when SLM printing parameter adjustment is carried out, so that a proper process window does not exist, and smooth printing cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for improving density and avoiding hole defects by using layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for improving the density and avoiding the hole defect by utilizing layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting comprises the following steps:
1) laying a layer of alloy powder, and then scanning the layer of alloy powder for multiple times in the same area to finish multiple laser remelting of the layer;
2) laying another layer of alloy powder on the alloy powder layer subjected to laser remelting, and then scanning the same area for multiple times to complete multiple laser remelting of the layer;
3) and repeating the step 2) until the printing is finished.
Further, the alloy powder comprises one or more of an aluminum alloy powder, an iron-based alloy powder or a copper alloy powder.
Further, when the alloy powder is aluminum alloy powder, the laser remelting process conditions are as follows: the laser power is 150-190W, the scanning speed is 200-800mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.03-0.2 mm.
Further, when the alloy powder is iron-based alloy powder, the laser remelting process conditions are as follows: the laser power is 110-180W, the scanning speed is 600-1500mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.02-0.16 mm.
Further, when the alloy powder is copper alloy powder, the laser remelting process conditions are as follows: the laser power is 180-200W, the scanning speed is 200-500mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.02-0.15 mm.
Other process conditions of laser remelting are as follows: the laser adopts continuous laser, such as fiber laser (preferred) or carbon dioxide laser, and the laser wavelength is 1050-.
Further, the copper alloy powder is Cu-Sn alloy powder.
Further, in step 1) and step 2), when laser remelting is performed on a certain layer of alloy powder for multiple times, the laser power for each laser remelting is the same or different (if different, the laser power listed above is the first pass power).
Further, in the step 1) and the step 2), when a layer of alloy powder is subjected to laser remelting for multiple times, the number of laser remelting is 2-10 times.
Further, in step 1) and step 2), the scanning form is a checkerboard type or a stripe type.
Further, the layer thickness of each layer of the alloy powder is 15 to 100 μm, depending on 0.75 to 1.5 times the median diameter of the alloy powder.
In the invention, the blank body is uniformly heated due to the good heat conduction of the blank body layer after the alloy powder is melted, so that the splashing problem is avoided, and meanwhile, a high power can form an enough molten pool. When the powder is spread, the heat transfer between the powder is limited, and the powder is directly heated and gasified due to the same power.
In the present invention, the operation of scanning the same region for each layer of the gold powder a plurality of times can be performed in different ways:
(1) different scanning strategies, including scanning path, scanning direction, scanning form (checkerboard, stripe), etc., may be employed to better homogenize the print zone.
(2) Different laser parameters (such as equal power or variable power, variable scanning speed, variable scanning interval, variable spot diameter, etc.) can be used, i.e., in multiple scans, different laser parameters can be used each time the same area is scanned.
By the two modes, the forming, gradient forming or layer-following heat treatment of the special material is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting method, namely, when a layer is formed, a layer of alloy powder is paved, then the same area is scanned for multiple times, and then the next layer of alloy powder is paved until printing is finished. By the layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting method, the density of the surface of a printing blank body can be increased, the splashing problem is not easy to generate, and the hole defect is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a product when printing aluminum alloy powder by a conventional single-pass scanning SLM process;
fig. 2 is a microstructure diagram of the aluminum alloy powder printed by the layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting method in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
the method for improving the density and avoiding the hole defect by utilizing layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting comprises the following steps:
1) laying a layer of alloy powder, and then scanning the layer of alloy powder for multiple times in the same area to finish multiple laser remelting of the layer;
2) laying another layer of alloy powder on the alloy powder layer subjected to laser remelting, and then scanning the same area for multiple times to complete multiple laser remelting of the layer;
3) and repeating the step 2) until the printing is finished.
The alloy powder is aluminum alloy powder, and the laser remelting process conditions are as follows: the laser power was 180W, the scan rate was 700mm/s, and the scan pitch was 0.15 mm.
In the steps 1) and 2), when a layer of alloy powder is subjected to laser remelting for multiple times, the laser power of each laser remelting is the same. When a layer of alloy powder is subjected to laser remelting for multiple times, the number of laser remelting is 5. The scanning form is a checkerboard type. The layer thickness of each layer of alloy powder was 100. mu.m.
Fig. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a product when aluminum alloy powder printing is performed by using a conventional single-pass scanning SLM process. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the surface of the product processed by the conventional single-pass scanning method has a lot of large pore sizes and a coarse texture.
Fig. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a product when aluminum alloy powder is printed by a layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting method in this embodiment. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the large pore diameter of the surface of the product processed by the layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting method is basically eliminated, only a few small pores are left, and the structure is fine.
Example 2:
the method for improving the density and avoiding the hole defect by utilizing layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting comprises the following steps:
1) laying a layer of alloy powder, and then scanning the layer of alloy powder for multiple times in the same area to finish multiple laser remelting of the layer;
2) laying another layer of alloy powder on the alloy powder layer subjected to laser remelting, and then scanning the same area for multiple times to complete multiple laser remelting of the layer;
3) and repeating the step 2) until the printing is finished.
The alloy powder is iron-based alloy powder, and the laser remelting process conditions are as follows: the laser power is 110-180W, the scanning speed is 600-1500mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.02-0.16 mm.
In the step 1) and the step 2), when a certain layer of alloy powder is subjected to laser remelting for multiple times, the laser power of each laser remelting is different. When a layer of alloy powder is subjected to laser remelting for multiple times, the number of laser remelting is 10. The scanning form is a stripe form. The layer thickness of each layer of alloy powder was 15 μm.
Example 3:
the method for improving the density and avoiding the hole defect by utilizing layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting comprises the following steps:
1) laying a layer of alloy powder, and then scanning the layer of alloy powder for multiple times in the same area to finish multiple laser remelting of the layer;
2) laying another layer of alloy powder on the alloy powder layer subjected to laser remelting, and then scanning the same area for multiple times to complete multiple laser remelting of the layer;
3) and repeating the step 2) until the printing is finished.
The alloy powder is Cu-Sn alloy powder, and the process conditions of laser remelting are as follows: the laser power was 190W, the scan rate was 400mm/s, and the scan pitch was 0.1 mm.
In the steps 1) and 2), when a layer of alloy powder is subjected to laser remelting for multiple times, the laser power of each laser remelting is the same. When a layer of alloy powder is subjected to laser remelting for multiple times, the number of laser remelting is 2. The scanning form is a checkerboard type. The layer thickness of each layer of alloy powder was 60 μm.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The method for improving the density and avoiding the hole defect by using layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) laying a layer of alloy powder, and then scanning the layer of alloy powder for multiple times in the same area to finish multiple laser remelting of the layer;
2) laying another layer of alloy powder on the alloy powder layer subjected to laser remelting, and then scanning the same area for multiple times to complete multiple laser remelting of the layer;
3) and repeating the step 2) until the printing is finished.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy powder comprises one or more of aluminum alloy powder, iron-based alloy powder, or copper alloy powder.
3. The method for improving the density and avoiding the hole defects by using the layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the alloy powder is aluminum alloy powder, the process conditions of the laser remelting are as follows: the laser power is 150-190W, the scanning speed is 200-800mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.03-0.2 mm.
4. The method for improving the density and avoiding the hole defects by using the layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the alloy powder is iron-based alloy powder, the process conditions of the laser remelting are as follows: the laser power is 110-180W, the scanning speed is 600-1500mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.02-0.16 mm.
5. The method for improving the density and avoiding the hole defects by using the layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the alloy powder is copper alloy powder, the process conditions of the laser remelting are as follows: the laser power is 180-200W, the scanning speed is 200-500mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.02-0.15 mm.
6. The method for improving compactness and avoiding hole defects by using layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting according to claim 5, wherein the copper alloy powder is Cu-Sn alloy powder.
7. The method for improving the compactness and avoiding the hole defects by using the layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting in the claim 1 is characterized in that in the step 1) and the step 2), when the laser remelting is carried out on a certain layer of alloy powder for multiple times, the power of a laser in each laser remelting is the same or different.
8. The method for improving the compactness and avoiding the hole defects by using the layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting in the claim 1 is characterized in that in the step 1) and the step 2), when the laser remelting is carried out on a layer of alloy powder for multiple times, the laser remelting is carried out for 2-10 times.
9. The method for improving the compactness and avoiding the hole defects by using the layer-by-layer multiple laser remelting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1) and the step 2), the scanning form is a checkerboard type or a stripe type.
10. The method for increasing compactness and avoiding hole defects by multiple laser remelting layer by layer according to claim 1, wherein the layer thickness of each layer of alloy powder is 15-100 μm.
CN201911313075.4A 2019-12-18 2019-12-18 Method for improving density and avoiding hole defects by using layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting Pending CN111036905A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN111975006A (en) * 2020-07-08 2020-11-24 北京航空航天大学 Repair method of aircraft engine blade
CN112475316A (en) * 2020-11-05 2021-03-12 上海云铸三维科技有限公司 Composite reinforced laser melting scanning method
CN113042749A (en) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-29 南京理工大学 Method for eliminating formation defect of melting near surface layer of laser powder bed in real time
CN113681012A (en) * 2021-08-24 2021-11-23 江苏拜欧尼克智能科技有限公司 Method for repairing hole defects of cast cylinder block by laser
CN114289732A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-04-08 浙江大学高端装备研究院 Method for improving cavitation erosion resistance of SLM-formed 316L stainless steel through laser remelting
CN114523125A (en) * 2022-03-01 2022-05-24 中国钢研科技集团有限公司 Method for preparing alloy block through SLM (selective laser melting) in-situ alloying
CN114535607A (en) * 2022-02-23 2022-05-27 浙江工业大学 Scanning method for isotropic laser additive manufacturing of scanning galvanometer
CN116144962A (en) * 2023-04-17 2023-05-23 北京科技大学 High-strength and high-toughness hastelloy and preparation process thereof
CN116213755A (en) * 2022-12-27 2023-06-06 哈尔滨工程大学 Nickel-based superalloy K447A and preparation method thereof

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CN105562691A (en) * 2015-12-23 2016-05-11 华中科技大学 3D printing preparation method for injection mold
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CN110523986A (en) * 2019-09-25 2019-12-03 华南理工大学 A method of it is Fe-based amorphous based on precinct laser fusion forming agglomerate body

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111975006A (en) * 2020-07-08 2020-11-24 北京航空航天大学 Repair method of aircraft engine blade
CN111975006B (en) * 2020-07-08 2021-09-21 北京航空航天大学 Repair method of aircraft engine blade
CN112475316A (en) * 2020-11-05 2021-03-12 上海云铸三维科技有限公司 Composite reinforced laser melting scanning method
CN113042749A (en) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-29 南京理工大学 Method for eliminating formation defect of melting near surface layer of laser powder bed in real time
CN113042749B (en) * 2021-03-10 2022-07-12 南京理工大学 Method for eliminating formation defect of melting near surface layer of laser powder bed in real time
CN113681012A (en) * 2021-08-24 2021-11-23 江苏拜欧尼克智能科技有限公司 Method for repairing hole defects of cast cylinder block by laser
CN114289732A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-04-08 浙江大学高端装备研究院 Method for improving cavitation erosion resistance of SLM-formed 316L stainless steel through laser remelting
CN114535607A (en) * 2022-02-23 2022-05-27 浙江工业大学 Scanning method for isotropic laser additive manufacturing of scanning galvanometer
CN114523125A (en) * 2022-03-01 2022-05-24 中国钢研科技集团有限公司 Method for preparing alloy block through SLM (selective laser melting) in-situ alloying
CN114523125B (en) * 2022-03-01 2023-11-07 中国钢研科技集团有限公司 Method for preparing alloy block by SLM in-situ alloying
CN116213755A (en) * 2022-12-27 2023-06-06 哈尔滨工程大学 Nickel-based superalloy K447A and preparation method thereof
CN116144962A (en) * 2023-04-17 2023-05-23 北京科技大学 High-strength and high-toughness hastelloy and preparation process thereof

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Application publication date: 20200421