CN107838422A - A kind of method and device that alloy components are obtained using laser 3D printing - Google Patents
A kind of method and device that alloy components are obtained using laser 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107838422A CN107838422A CN201710965729.6A CN201710965729A CN107838422A CN 107838422 A CN107838422 A CN 107838422A CN 201710965729 A CN201710965729 A CN 201710965729A CN 107838422 A CN107838422 A CN 107838422A
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012387 aerosolization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
- B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F12/45—Two or more
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/46—Radiation means with translatory movement
- B22F12/47—Radiation means with translatory movement parallel to the deposition plane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and device that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing, belong to technical field of material, the device includes forming room, shaping substrate, laser bundled tube, automatic powder feeding device and laser, the present invention is different from traditional alloying component optimization, the mode such as powder sintered, alloy is prepared into by powder by gas-atomized powder technology, using 3D printing technique, control the powder feeding angle and powder feeding rate that automatic powder feeding device is adjusted in printing shaping process, the component after laser scanning is made annealing treatment in addition Laser synchronisation simultaneously, suppress component crackle to produce, there is certain size so as to carry out accumulation molding acquisition to powder, low porosity, the alloy components of excellent properties.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alloy components preparing technical field, more particularly to one kind to obtain alloy components using laser 3D printing
Method and device.
Background technology
3D printing technique, it is a kind of based on mathematical model file, material can be bonded with powdery metal or plastics etc.
Material, come the technology of constructed object by way of successively printing.It, just can be directly from calculating without machining or any mould
The part of any shape is generated in machine graph data, so as to greatly shorten the lead time of product, improves productivity ratio and reduction
Production cost.At present, 3D printing forming mode mainly include fusion sediment shaping (Fused Deposition Modeling,
FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS) (Selective Laser Sintering, SLS), optical soliton interaction (stereo
Lithography apparatus, SLA), selective laser melting shaping(Selective Laser Melting,SLM).
The trial of a small amount of exploration is at home and abroad begun with using laser 3D printing technology contour alloy, at present laser
3D printing alloy is primarily present following two problems:(1)There is the defects of very big unloading in 3D printing alloy components, main in performance
Show because laser 3D printing belongs to stacked in multi-layers, hole, burn-off phenomenon and spherodization occur in print procedure,
So cause the metal works consistency that is printed as low;(2)The heat caused by high temperature rate during laser 3D printing
Stress and residual stress can make printed hardware that serious deformation, warpage and problem of Cracking occur.The problem of above-mentioned this
Seriously reduce the excellent mechanical property of alloy, then, how to suppress the production of its crackle on the basis of higher printing effect is ensured
It is raw, it is that current laser 3D printing alloy components are in the urgent need to address so as to obtain the metallic alloy piece of large scale flawless
Problem.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to ensure to suppress on the basis of higher printing effect the alloy components crackle generation of 3D printing
The problem of low with consistency, it is different from mode, the present invention such as traditional alloying component optimization, powder sintered and passes through gas-atomized powder
Alloy is prepared into powder by technology, using laser 3D printing technology, controls printing shaping process, and carrying out accumulation molding to powder obtains
Must have certain size, low porosity, the alloy components component of excellent properties.
To realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme that:
The invention provides a kind of method that alloy components are obtained using laser 3D printing, this method comprises the following steps:
(1)Preparation before 3D printing shaping
a:The threedimensional model for the alloy components to be printed is established using computer, is layered geometrical model using Slice Software discrete
For some two dimension slicings, the geometric profile generation scan model of each two dimension slicing;
b:The preparation of alloy powder:It is in powdered to be prepared alloy using aerosolization, and the alloy is FeaCrbMocCdBe Fe bases
Alloy, a, b, c, d, e are atomic percentage in formula, and 43≤a≤52,13≤b≤19,26≤c≤33,2≤d≤5,1≤e
≤ 3, wherein a+b+c+d+e=100;
(2)3D printing forming process
According to step(1)In scan model, using laser 3D printing device, by step(1)In alloy powder successively accumulate
Alloy components model is manufactured into, is comprised the following steps that:
a:Being passed through inert gas into forming room in advance makes oxygen content in forming room be less than 8ppm;
b:The powder feeding angle of the powder feeding pipe of automatic powder feeding device is adjusted, it is 20-40g/min to set powder feeding flow, is guaranteed uniformly
Powder feeding and do not disturb laser beam;
c:The vertical height of regulation printing laser light-emitting window and shaping substrate is 4-5mm, controls defocusing amount, makes printing laser road
The hot spot in footpath focuses on a round dot on shaping substrate surface, and makes automatic powder feeding device start to convey alloy powder;
d:Laser transmitting laser beam is adjusted, it is focused on shaping substrate printout surface laser paths hot spot rear;
e:Setting laser carries out irradiation in the way of " point-line-face-body " on shaping substrate by the track being pre-designed and melted
Cover, stratiform superposition after cladding terminates, keeps inert protective gas to continue to convey, and sample natural cooling to be formed will be into sand paper
Type specimen surface scaling loss oxidized portion polishes off, 0.63~1.25 μm of control surface roughness Ra, and is cleaned and tried with absolute ethyl alcohol
Sample, then dry.
As the present invention to the preferred of such scheme, the inert protective gas is Ar gas.
2nd, the internal stress of shaping sample can be suitably reduced by reducing laser scanning speed, Crack prevention occurs, simultaneously
Because laser scanning speed can make unit heat input excessive slowly excessively, the screen of the printing laser is 400-1000mm/
Min, printing laser power are 1000-1200W.
Present invention also offers be previously mentioned in the above method it is a kind of using laser 3D printing obtain alloy components device,
It includes forming room, shaping substrate, laser bundled tube, automatic powder feeding device and laser, and wherein forming room is respectively equipped with indifferent gas
Body input port and inert gas output port, for the shaping substrate below forming room, automatic powder feeding device is fixed on laser beam
Cylinder is outside and is moved with laser bundled tube, and the laser is relatively fixed with laser bundled tube by connector, and the laser bundled tube leads to
Cross a displacement mechanism both horizontally and vertically to move in forming room's interior edge, the automatic powder feeding device is also sharp including being symmetricly set on
The powder feeding pipe of light beam cylinder light-emitting window both sides, it is in folder that the powder feeding pipe adjusts powder feeding pipe itself with light-emitting window by an adjusting means
Angle.
As the present invention to the preferred of such scheme, institute's displacement mechanism be one in forming room vertical shift platform,
And the laser bundled tube end is installed on platform base, and can be moved horizontally along platform base.
In order that alloy powder has more preferable mobility and uniformity, as the present invention to above-mentioned laser 3D printing device
It is preferred, the automatic powder feeding device includes a powder feeder, the current divider of the connection powder feeder, and the current divider passes through two
Powder feeding mouth is respectively communicated with the powder feeding pipe of laser bundled tube both sides.
During the 3D printing of alloy, the synchronous low power laser of introducing other set, it is located at laser beam and beats
Print the rear of laser beam, front is undergone it is quick heat and the component part of cooling synchronizes annealing, can eliminate by
In the component caused by big thermograde easily ftractures the problem of, in order to fix the position of the laser, the connector is set
There are a pair of engagement rings being connected, correspond to laser bundled tube and laser respectively, and the engagement ring is locked by bolt.
As the improvement of laser 3D printing device of the present invention to above-mentioned alloy components, the adjusting means includes connection institute
The conical cavity of powder feeding pipe is stated, the conical cavity bottom surface connects the fan-shaped entrance of three deciles, and conical cavity bottom surface is additionally provided with
The fan-shaped catch of one twice fan-shaped entrance size, the fan-shaped catch circle centre position stretch out a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is by one
Motor control rotates, and three fan-shaped entrances are respectively communicated with three meal outlets of different power outlet angles.
In order to the meal outlet selected by the flexible modulation device, as the present invention to the excellent of above-mentioned laser 3D printing device
Choosing, the motor is stepper motor, by controlling the rotating of stepper motor flexibly to select meal outlet to change power outlet angle.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are the present invention, with the synchronous structure of laser bundled tube, is undergone using laser to front
The quick shaped component part heated and cooled down synchronizes annealing, can eliminate the structure caused by big thermograde
The problem of part easily ftractures, while the consistency of component is improved, reduce porosity;By the powder feeding angle for adjusting automatic powder feeding device
Degree and powder feeding rate so that powder feeding precisely uniformly and does not influence laser beam in forming process, and then laser scanning can be made fast
Degree faster compared to the usage amount that other method saves alloy powder, while can reduce unit heat input as far as possible,
Improve cooling velocity to a certain extent and avoid the increase of hardware porosity printed, so as to avoid to a certain extent
The problems such as porosity is high during high energy beam laser heating melted powder, easy to crack and buckling deformation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of device that alloy components are obtained using laser 3D printing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of adjusting means of the present invention in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the bottom surface structure schematic diagram of conical cavity in adjusting means in Fig. 2;
Wherein, 1-forming room, 2-shaping substrate, 3-laser bundled tube, 301- light-emitting windows, 4-automatic powder feeding device, 5-laser
Device, 6-adjusting means, 7-connector, 101-Inert gas input port, 102-inert gas output port, 103-displacement machine
Structure, 401-powder feeding pipe, 402-powder feeder, 403-current divider, 404-powder feeding mouth, 601-conical cavity, 602-fan-shaped entrance,
603-fan-shaped catch, 604-rotating shaft, 605-motor, 606-meal outlet, 701-engagement ring.
Embodiment
In order that the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention are easy to understand, tie below
Embodiment is closed, the present invention is expanded on further.
A kind of device that alloy components are obtained using laser 3D printing as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, it includes forming room
1st, shaping substrate 2, laser bundled tube 3, automatic powder feeding device 4 and laser 5, wherein forming room 1 are respectively equipped with inert gas input
Mouth 101 and inert gas output port 102, the shaping substrate 2 are fixed on laser located at the lower section of forming room 1, automatic powder feeding device 4
The outside of bundled tube 3 is simultaneously moved with laser bundled tube 3, and the laser 5 is relatively fixed with laser bundled tube 3 by connector 7, the laser
Bundled tube 3 is both horizontally and vertically moved by a displacement mechanism 103 in the interior edge of forming room 1, and the automatic powder feeding device 4 also includes
The powder feeding pipe 401 of the light-emitting window both sides of laser bundled tube 3 is symmetricly set on, the powder feeding pipe 401 adjusts powder feeding pipe by an adjusting means 6
401 itself with light-emitting window 301 be in angle.
In this example, institute's displacement mechanism 103 be one in forming room 1 vertical shift platform, and the laser beam
3 ends of cylinder are installed on platform base, and can be moved horizontally along platform base.
In order that alloy powder has more preferable mobility and uniformity, the automatic powder feeding device 4 wraps in this example
A powder feeder 402, the current divider 403 of the connection powder feeder 402 are included, the current divider 403 is distinguished by two powder feeding mouths 404
Connect the powder feeding pipe 401 of the both sides of laser bundled tube 3.
During the 3D printing of alloy, the low power laser 5 of synchronous introducing other set, it is located at laser beam and beats
Print the rear of laser beam, front is undergone it is quick heat and the component part of cooling synchronizes annealing, can eliminate by
In the component caused by big thermograde easily ftractures the problem of, in order to fix the position of the laser 5, the connector 7
Provided with a pair of engagement rings 701 being connected, laser bundled tube 3 and laser 5 are corresponded to respectively, and the engagement ring 701 passes through bolt
It is locked.
In this example, the adjusting means 6 includes connecting the conical cavity 601 of the powder feeding pipe 401, the conical cavity
601 bottom surfaces connect the fan-shaped entrance 602 of three deciles, and the bottom surface of conical cavity 601 is additionally provided with a twice sector and entered
The fan-shaped catch 603 of 602 sizes of mouth, the fan-shaped circle centre position of catch 603 stretch out a rotating shaft 604, and the rotating shaft 604 is by a motor
605 controls rotate, and three fan-shaped entrances 602 are respectively communicated with three meal outlets 606 of different power outlet angles.
In order to the meal outlet selected by the flexible modulation device, in this example, the motor 605 is stepper motor,
By controlling the rotating of stepper motor flexibly to select meal outlet 606 to change power outlet angle.
Embodiment 1
A kind of print procedure that alloy components are completed using above-mentioned laser 3D printing device, it comprises the following steps:
(1)Preparation before 3D printing shaping
a:The threedimensional model for the alloy components to be printed is established using computer, is layered geometrical model using Slice Software discrete
For some two dimension slicings, the geometric profile generation scan model of each two dimension slicing;
b:The preparation of alloy powder:It is in powdered to be prepared alloy using aerosolization, and the alloy is
Fe47.14Cr16.36Mo30.84C3.76 B1.90Fe based alloys;
(2)3D printing forming process
According to step(1)In scan model, using laser 3D printing device, by step(1)In alloy powder successively accumulate
Alloy components model is manufactured into, is comprised the following steps that:
a:Being passed through inert gas into forming room 1 in advance makes oxygen content in forming room 1 be less than 8ppm;
b:The powder feeding angle of the powder feeding pipe 401 of automatic powder feeding device 4 is adjusted, it is 30g/min to make powder feeding flow, guarantees uniformly to send
Powder and do not disturb laser beam;
c:The vertical height of regulation printing laser light-emitting window 301 and shaping substrate 2 is 4mm, controls defocusing amount, makes printing laser
The hot spot in path focuses on a round dot on the surface of shaping substrate 2, and makes automatic powder feeding device 4 start to convey alloy powder;
d:Adjust laser 5 and launch laser beam, it is focused on the printout surface laser paths hot spot rear of shaping substrate 2;
e:Setting laser carries out irradiation in the way of " point-line-face-body " on shaping substrate 2 by the track being pre-designed and melted
Cover, stratiform superposition, after cladding terminates, keep Ar inert protective gas to continue to convey, sample natural cooling to be formed will with sand paper
Shaping specimen surface scaling loss oxidized portion polishes off, 0.63~1.25 μm of control surface roughness Ra, and is cleaned with absolute ethyl alcohol
Sample, then dry.
The internal stress of shaping sample can be suitably reduced by reducing laser scanning speed, Crack prevention occurs, while because
Laser scanning speed can make unit heat input excessive slowly excessively, and the screen that laser is printed described in this example is 600mm/
Min, laser power 1200W.
Embodiment 2
A kind of print procedure that alloy components are completed using above-mentioned laser 3D printing device, it comprises the following steps:
(1)Preparation before 3D printing shaping
a:The threedimensional model for the alloy components to be printed is established using computer, is layered geometrical model using Slice Software discrete
For some two dimension slicings, the geometric profile generation scan model of each two dimension slicing;
b:The preparation of alloy powder:It is in powdered to be prepared alloy using aerosolization, and the alloy is
Fe50.34Cr14.36Mo29.46C4.24 B1.60Fe based alloys;
(2)3D printing forming process
According to step(1)In scan model, using laser 3D printing device, by step(1)In alloy powder successively accumulate
Alloy components model is manufactured into, is comprised the following steps that:
a:Being passed through inert gas into forming room 1 in advance makes oxygen content in forming room 1 be less than 8ppm;
b:The powder feeding angle of the powder feeding pipe 401 of automatic powder feeding device 4 is adjusted, it is 40g/min to make powder feeding flow, guarantees uniformly to send
Powder and do not disturb laser beam;
c:The vertical height of regulation printing laser light-emitting window 301, controls defocusing amount, makes the hot spot of printing laser path in shaping base
The surface of plate 2 focuses on a round dot, and makes automatic powder feeding device 4 start to convey alloy powder;
d:Adjust laser 5 and launch laser beam, it is focused on the printout surface laser paths hot spot rear of shaping substrate 2;
e:Setting laser carries out irradiation in the way of " point-line-face-body " on shaping substrate 2 by the track being pre-designed and melted
Cover, stratiform superposition, after cladding terminates, keep Ar inert protective gas to continue to convey, sample natural cooling to be formed will with sand paper
Shaping specimen surface scaling loss oxidized portion polishes off, 0.63~1.25 μm of control surface roughness Ra, and is cleaned with absolute ethyl alcohol
Sample, then dry.
The internal stress of shaping sample can be suitably reduced by reducing laser scanning speed, Crack prevention occurs, while because
Laser scanning speed can increase slowly excessively unit heat input, and cooling velocity reduces and is unfavorable for reducing the porosity of component, this
The screen that laser is printed described in example is 1000mm/min, and printing laser power is 1200W.
Embodiment 3
A kind of print procedure that alloy components are completed using above-mentioned laser 3D printing device, it comprises the following steps:
(1)Preparation before 3D printing shaping
a:The threedimensional model for the alloy components to be printed is established using computer, is layered geometrical model using Slice Software discrete
For some two dimension slicings, the geometric profile generation scan model of each two dimension slicing;
b:The preparation of alloy powder:It is in powdered to be prepared alloy using aerosolization, and the alloy is
Fe45.82Cr17.12Mo31.46C3.00B2.60Fe based alloys;
(2)3D printing forming process
According to step(1)In scan model, using laser 3D printing device, by step(1)In alloy powder successively accumulate
Alloy components model is manufactured into, is comprised the following steps that:
a:Being passed through inert gas into forming room 1 in advance makes oxygen content in forming room 1 be less than 8ppm;
b:The powder feeding angle of the powder feeding pipe 401 of automatic powder feeding device 4 is adjusted, it is 20g/min to make powder feeding flow, guarantees uniformly to send
Powder and do not disturb laser beam;
c:The vertical height of regulation printing laser light-emitting window 301 and shaping substrate 2 is 5mm, controls defocusing amount, makes printing laser
The hot spot in path focuses on a round dot on the surface of shaping substrate 2, and makes automatic powder feeding device 4 start to convey alloy powder;
d:Adjust laser 5 and launch laser beam, it is focused on the printout surface laser paths hot spot rear of shaping substrate 2;
e:Setting laser carries out irradiation in the way of " point-line-face-body " on shaping substrate 2 by the track being pre-designed and melted
Cover, stratiform superposition, after cladding terminates, keep Ar inert protective gas to continue to convey, sample natural cooling to be formed will with sand paper
Shaping specimen surface scaling loss oxidized portion polishes off, 0.63~1.25 μm of control surface roughness Ra, and is cleaned with absolute ethyl alcohol
Sample, then dry.
The internal stress of shaping sample can be suitably reduced by reducing laser scanning speed, Crack prevention occurs, while because
Laser scanning speed can increase slowly excessively unit heat input, and cooling velocity reduces and is unfavorable for reducing the porosity of component, this
The screen that laser is printed described in example is 1000mm/min, and printing laser power is 1000W.
Those of ordinary skill in the art it should be appreciated that the embodiment of the above be intended merely to explanation the present invention,
And be not used as limitation of the invention, as long as in the spirit of the present invention, the change to embodiment described above
Change, modification will all fall in scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing device, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps:(1)Preparation before 3D printing shapinga:The threedimensional model for the alloy components to be printed is established using computer, is layered geometrical model using Slice Software discrete For some two dimension slicings, the geometric profile generation scan model of each two dimension slicing;b:The preparation of alloy powder:The alloy powder prepared using aerosolization, the alloy powder are FeaCrbMocCdBe Fe bases Alloy, a, b, c, d, e are atomic percentage in formula, and 43≤a≤52,13≤b≤19,26≤c≤33,2≤d≤5,1≤e ≤ 3, wherein a+b+c+d+e=100;(2)3D printing forming processAccording to step(1)In scan model, using 3D printing device, by step(1)In alloy powder successively accumulate manufacture Into the alloy components model to be printed, comprise the following steps that:a:Being passed through inert gas into forming room in advance makes oxygen content in forming room be less than 8ppm;b:The powder feeding angle of the powder feeding pipe of automatic powder feeding device is adjusted, the flow for setting powder feeding is 20-40g/min, is guaranteed Even powder feeding and do not disturb 3D printing device;c:It is 4-5mm to adjust the scanning mouth of 3D printing device and the vertical height of shaping substrate, controls defocusing amount, makes printing path Scanning element focus on a round dot on shaping substrate surface, and make automatic powder feeding device start convey alloy powder;d:Laser transmitting laser beam is adjusted, it is focused on the rear of shaping substrate surface 3D printing device path scanning element;e:Setting printing equipment carries out irradiation in the way of " point-line-face-body " on shaping substrate by the track being pre-designed and melted Cover, stratiform superposition after cladding terminates, keeps inert protective gas to continue to convey, and sample natural cooling to be formed will be into sand paper Type specimen surface scaling loss oxidized portion polishes off, 0.63~1.25 μm of control surface roughness Ra, and is cleaned and tried with absolute ethyl alcohol Sample, then dry.
- 2. a kind of method that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described 3D printing device is laser 3D printing device or beam-plasma 3D printing device.
- 3. a kind of method that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Inert protective gas is Ar gas.
- 4. a kind of method that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described The screen for printing laser is 400-1000mm/min, and printing laser power is 1000-1200W.
- 5. a kind of device that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing, it is characterised in that including forming room, shaping substrate, laser beam Cylinder or plasma bundled tube, automatic powder feeding device and laser, wherein forming room are respectively equipped with Inert gas input port and indifferent gas Body delivery outlet, below forming room, automatic powder feeding device is fixed on outside laser bundled tube or plasma bundled tube the shaping substrate Portion simultaneously moves with laser bundled tube or plasma bundled tube, and the laser and laser bundled tube or plasma bundled tube are relative by connector Fixed, the laser bundled tube or plasma bundled tube are both horizontally and vertically moved by a displacement mechanism in forming room's interior edge, institute The powder feeding pipe that automatic powder feeding device also includes being symmetricly set on the scanning mouth both sides of laser bundled tube or plasma bundled tube is stated, it is described to send It is in angle that tube cell adjusts powder feeding pipe itself with scanning mouth by an adjusting means.
- A kind of 6. device that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the displacement Mechanism be one in forming room vertical shift platform, and the laser bundled tube end is installed on platform base, and can be along flat Platform bottom surface moves horizontally.
- 7. a kind of device that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described automatic Dust feeder includes a powder feeder, the current divider of the connection powder feeder, and the current divider is respectively communicated with by two powder feeding mouths The powder feeding pipe of laser bundled tube both sides.
- A kind of 8. device that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the connection Device is provided with a pair of engagement rings being connected, and corresponds to laser bundled tube and laser respectively, and the engagement ring is fastened by bolt lock It is fixed.
- A kind of 9. device that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing according to claim any one of 5-8, it is characterised in that The adjusting means includes connecting the conical cavity of the powder feeding pipe, and the sector that the conical cavity bottom surface connects three deciles enters Mouthful, and conical cavity bottom surface is additionally provided with the fan-shaped catch of a twice fan-shaped entrance size, the fan-shaped catch circle centre position A rotating shaft is stretched out, the rotating shaft is rotated by a motor control, and three fan-shaped entrances are respectively communicated with the three of different power outlet angles Individual meal outlet.
- A kind of 10. device that alloy components are obtained using 3D printing according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the electricity Machine is stepper motor.
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