CN107866569A - A kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology - Google Patents

A kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107866569A
CN107866569A CN201711328143.5A CN201711328143A CN107866569A CN 107866569 A CN107866569 A CN 107866569A CN 201711328143 A CN201711328143 A CN 201711328143A CN 107866569 A CN107866569 A CN 107866569A
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electrode
selective laser
fine copper
tool
former
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李宗义
文宏
张晓刚
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Gansu Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
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Gansu Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/364—Process control of energy beam parameters for post-heating, e.g. remelting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B22F12/17—Auxiliary heating means to heat the build chamber or platform
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to material increasing field, more particularly to a kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology, comprise the following steps：1) electrode model is made, and obtains the file of stl forms；2) completed using the software matched with former to after the hierarchy slicing of stl files, supported design, printing path planning, obtained file is imported into former；3) former is adjusted, it is met forming requirements；4) forming pure copper tool-electrode；5) drip molding polished, polish post processing.The method of the present invention shortens the process-cycle, improves production efficiency, while can ensure the forming accuracy of die cavity without using numerical control machining center；Stock utilization is improved, reduces production cost, supports personalized customization.

Description

A kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology
Technical field
The invention belongs to material increasing field, is more particularly to prepared using selective laser smelting technology for electric spark type The method of the fine copper tool-electrode of chamber processing.
Background technology
In electrical discharge machining, tool-electrode is a very important factor.During sinking EDM, greatly Cost and time flower are in the manufacture of electrode.The preparation method of correct electrode material and electrode is selected for improving electric spark The quality of processing, productivity ratio and to reduce processing cost most important.
Mainly by the machining center of external import, equipment is expensive for the manufacture of China's tool-electrode, and flow is complicated, processing Cycle is grown；Moreover, sometimes in order to ensure machining accuracy, it is necessary to prepare multiple tool-electrodes, it may be necessary to more machining centers, Add manufacturing cost.
Because the application of sinking EDM constantly expands, the manufacture method of tool-electrode it is also proposed higher Requirement.At present, the material and its processing method that manufacture tool-electrode uses mainly have：Graphite high-speed milling and grinding, polymerization Thing is composite material moulded, metal material powder is metallurgical etc..Electrode preparation method based on increases material manufacturing technology is to develop in recent years A kind of new technology got up, mainly have and electrode core is obtained by rapid prototyping technology, then post-processed by electroforming, spraying etc. The direct method of tool-electrode prototype is directly produced to the indirect method of tool-electrode and using rapid prototyping technology.
Fine copper is to prepare one of the most frequently used raw material of tool-electrode, but because it has high-melting-point, low laser absorption The features such as rate and very strong thermal conductivity, rarely scholar is to fine copper powder progress selective laser melting experiment.Melt selective laser Technology is one kind of increases material manufacturing technology, is to be sent out based on the development of laser technique on the basis of Selective Laser Sintering What exhibition was got up, because selective laser melting unit employs high power laser, there is higher forming efficiency, wider material Expect range of choice, selective laser smelting technology turn into increases material manufacturing technology field in Prototyping Metal Parts important method it One.
The content of the invention
For the current situation of above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides one kind and prepares fine copper based on selective laser smelting technology The method of tool-electrode, this method shorten the process-cycle, improve production efficiency, simultaneously without using numerical control machining center The forming accuracy of die cavity can be ensured.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology, is comprised the following steps：
1) electrode model is made, and obtains the file of stl forms；
2) complete to advise the hierarchy slicing of stl files, supported design, printing path using the software matched with former After drawing, obtained file is imported into former；
3) former is adjusted, it is met forming requirements；
4) forming pure copper tool-electrode；
5) by the electrode of shaping after substrate is removed, drip molding is polished, polishes post processing.
The further optimization of the technical program, the step 1) make the method for electrode model including following two：
A, the cloud data of tool-electrode is obtained using three-dimensional scanning device, after then being handled using reverse engineering software To electrode model；
B, the direct tools electrode model of three-dimensional software is utilized.
The further optimization of the technical program, the three-dimensional scanning device are technical grade spatial digitizer, three-dimensional coordinates measurement Machine；The three-dimensional software is Pro/E, SolidWorks, UG, and the reverse engineering software is Geomagic Studio.
The further optimization of the technical program, the step 2) cuts into slices stl document layereds, design supports, planning prints The software in path is magics, BuildProcess.
The further optimization of the technical program, step 3) the adjustment former include cleaning forming bin powder inside Grain and gas, adjustment printer substrate position, reduce shaping storehouse oxygen content.
The further optimization of the technical program, the concrete operations of step 4) the forming pure copper tool-electrode are to be set to shaping It is standby to add that pure copper powder is last to start from tool-electrode, remelting is only carried out to drip molding upper surface during making, remelting number is 2 It is secondary.
The further optimization of the technical program, the former are selective laser melting unit.
The further optimization of the technical program, the selective laser melting unit are from laser maximum rated power 500W, the selective laser melting unit use following control parameter：
Laser power：P=400W；
Sweep speed：v1=600mm/s；
Sweep span：S=0.06mm；
Lift height：H=0.05mm；
Scanning pattern：Orthorhombic form；
Fault angle：α=67 °；
Spot diameter：D=0.1mm；
Powdering speed：v2Between 40~200mm/s.
The further optimization of the technical program, the material of the selective laser fusing of the selective laser melting unit is flat The fine copper powder that equal particle diameter is 35um；The substrate requirement of selective laser melting unit reaches 0.03mm for top surface plane degree, on The lower surface depth of parallelism reaches 0.02mm titanium alloy sheet；The scraper-type of selective laser melting unit is brush doctor.
The further optimization of the technical program, the state modulator in the selective laser melting unit shaping storehouse are：Before printing Oxygen content requirement in storehouse is shaped by basal plate preheating to 80 °, in print procedure and is less than 1%, shaping storehouse pressure is maintained at a 3.5KPa left sides The right side, protected with purity more than 99.99% argon gas during printing.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) method of the invention shortens the process-cycle, improves production efficiency, together without using numerical control machining center When can ensure the forming accuracy of die cavity.
(2) method of the invention can reduce a large amount of processes with once-forming multiple parts, forming process, can directly into Shape final products, shorten the process-cycle；
(3) present invention subtracts material manufacture method (car, milling, plane, mill, brill etc.) compared to traditional, and process need not be gone Except excess stock, stock utilization is improved, reduces production cost；
(4) shape facility of drip molding of the present invention is not required, the part of arbitrary shape can be processed, supported personalized Customization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is selective laser melting process schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is scanning pattern schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the process chart of the present invention.
Wherein, a- modellings in Fig. 1；B- powderings；C- is laser sintered；D- workbench declines；E- powderings again；F- reburns Knot；G- repeats said process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of creative work is not made Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology, is comprised the following steps：
1) electrode model is made, and obtains the file of stl forms；The method for making electrode model includes following two Kind：A, the cloud data of tool-electrode is obtained using three-dimensional scanning device, electricity is obtained after then being handled using reverse engineering software Pole model；B, the direct tools electrode model of three-dimensional software is utilized.The three-dimensional scanning device be technical grade spatial digitizer, Three coordinate measuring machine；The three-dimensional software is Pro/E, SolidWorks, UG, and the reverse engineering software is Geomagic Studio。
2) complete to advise the hierarchy slicing of stl files, supported design, printing path using the software matched with former After drawing, obtained file is imported into former；By the section of stl document layereds, design support, the software for planning printing path For magics, BuildProcess.
3) former is adjusted, it is met forming requirements；Adjusting former includes cleaning forming bin powder inside Grain and gas, adjustment printer substrate position, reduce shaping storehouse oxygen content.
4) electrode is prepared, forming pure copper tool-electrode, pure copper powder is last to be started to make to be added to former for concrete operations Make tool-electrode, remelting is only carried out to drip molding upper surface during making, remelting number is 2 times.
5) by the electrode of shaping after substrate is removed, drip molding is polished, polishes post processing.
The former is selective laser melting unit.The selective laser melting unit is maximum rated from laser Power is 500W, and the selective laser melting unit uses following control parameter：
Laser power：P=400W；
Sweep speed：v1=600mm/s；
Sweep span：S=0.06mm；
Lift height：H=0.05mm；
Scanning pattern：Orthorhombic form；
Fault angle：α=67 °；
Spot diameter：D=0.1mm；
Powdering speed：v2Between 40~200mm/s.
The material of the selective laser fusing of the selective laser melting unit is the fine copper powder that average grain diameter is 35um； The substrate requirement of selective laser melting unit reaches 0.03mm for top surface plane degree, and the upper and lower surface depth of parallelism reaches 0.02mm's Titanium alloy sheet；The scraper-type of selective laser melting unit is brush doctor.
The state modulator in selective laser melting unit shaping storehouse is：：Basal plate preheating was printed to 80 ° before printing Oxygen content requirement in storehouse is shaped in journey and is less than 1%, shaping storehouse pressure is maintained at 3.5KPa or so, is exceeded with purity during printing 99.99% argon gas is protected.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology, is comprised the following steps：
1) model foundation and data processing：
A, the point cloud model of tool-electrode is obtained using three-dimensional scanning device, is then carried out using Geomagic Studio Optimization, editor, establish mathematical model, or the threedimensional model of electrode is directly made using softwares such as Pro/E；
B, obtained threedimensional model is saved as into stl forms.When file is saved as into stl forms, high quality is selected as far as possible To reduce the data error in forming process, stl forms are to utilize tri patch approximate representation model surface, and increasing material manufacturing The normative document type of technology；
C, stl files importing magics softwares are supported design, obtain magic files.To extension more than 1mm The Kong Lei mechanisms of cantilever design, diameter more than or equal to 8mm and be required for more than 40 ° of incline structure establishing branch with substrate angle Support.Leg structure is mainly supportted with allotment, cantilever design bearing diagonal, isolated structures cross hang, large area structure abdomen Plate supports；
D, obtained file is imported into Build Process and carries out hierarchy slicing, printing path planning etc., obtain xml texts Part.Thickness is set as 0.05mm during layering, printing path selection orthorhombic form, upper surface remelting number is set as 2 times.Set up Obtained xml document is imported into former after.
2) former is adjusted：
A, workbench, powder falling device and substrate are cleaned out before use, and the wall of storehouse four is shaped until clean with alcohol wipe It is dustless, then dip in alcohol wipe laser field lens with wiping camera lens dedicated paper；
B, installation base plate.Fixed with trip bolt, torque setting 14Nm, shaping storehouse temperature is heated to 80 °；
C, after installing substrate, the distance between scraper and substrate are adjusted.Workbench width is adjusted, substrate is measured with feeler gauge The distance between scraper, ensure that ultimate range is no more than 0.1mm；
D, former gas is cleaned.Breather line is installed, shaping door is closed, argon gas is filled with to former, examine Gas pressure is looked into, when content oxygen content is less than 0.06%, and shaping storehouse pressure is about 3.5KPa, can just be started working.
3) electrode is prepared.After preparation is completed, add that pure copper powder is last starts from tool-electrode to former.
Whole forming process must be carried out under argon gas protection, and the circulating water temperature in laser cooler is about 24 °.
Forming process uses following control parameter：
Laser power：P=400W；
Sweep speed：v1=600mm/s；
Sweep span：S=0.06mm；
Lift height：H=0.05mm；
Scanning pattern：Orthorhombic form；
Fault angle：α=67 °；
Spot diameter：D=0.1mm；
Powdering speed：v2Between 40~200mm/s.
4) tool-electrode is removed from substrate with wire cutting machine tool after the completion of shaping, it is polished, polished.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, although with reference to foregoing reality Apply example the present invention is described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be to foregoing each implementation Technical scheme described in example is modified, or equivalent substitution, all essences in the present invention are carried out to which part technical characteristic God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    1) electrode model is made, and obtains the file of stl forms；
    2) using the software that match with former complete to plan the hierarchy slicing of stl files, supported design, printing path with Afterwards, obtained file is imported into former；
    3) former is adjusted, it is met forming requirements；
    4) forming pure copper tool-electrode；
    5) by the electrode of shaping after substrate is removed, drip molding is polished, polishes post processing.
  2. 2. a kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology according to claim 1, it is special Sign is that the step 1) makes the method for electrode model including following two：
    A, the cloud data of tool-electrode is obtained using three-dimensional scanning device, electricity is obtained after then being handled using reverse engineering software Pole model；
    B, the direct tools electrode model of three-dimensional software is utilized.
  3. 3. a kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology according to claim 2, it is special Sign is that the three-dimensional scanning device is technical grade spatial digitizer, three coordinate measuring machine；The three-dimensional software be Pro/E, SolidWorks, UG, the reverse engineering software are Geomagic Studio.
  4. 4. a kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology according to claim 1, it is special Sign is that the step 2) cuts into slices stl document layereds, design supports, the software of planning printing path is magics, Build Process。
  5. 5. a kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology according to claim 1, it is special Sign is that step 3) the adjustment former includes cleaning forming bin powder inside particle and gas, adjustment printer substrate Position, reduce shaping storehouse oxygen content.
  6. 6. a kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology according to claim 1, it is special Sign is that pure copper powder is last to be started to be added to former for the concrete operations of step 4) the forming pure copper tool-electrode Tool-electrode, remelting is only carried out during making to drip molding upper surface, and remelting number is 2 times.
  7. 7. a kind of according to any one of claim 1~6 prepares fine copper tool-electrode based on selective laser smelting technology Method, it is characterised in that the former is selective laser melting unit.
  8. 8. a kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology according to claim 7, it is special Sign is, the selective laser melting unit is 500W from laser maximum rated power, the selective laser melting unit Using following control parameter：
    Laser power：P=400W；
    Sweep speed：v1=600mm/s；
    Sweep span：S=0.06mm；
    Lift height：H=0.05mm；
    Scanning pattern：Orthorhombic form；
    Fault angle：α=67 °；
    Spot diameter：D=0.1mm；
    Powdering speed：v2Between 40~200mm/s.
  9. 9. a kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology according to claim 7, it is special Sign is that the material of the selective laser fusing of the selective laser melting unit is the fine copper powder that average grain diameter is 35um； The substrate requirement of selective laser melting unit reaches 0.03mm for top surface plane degree, and the upper and lower surface depth of parallelism reaches 0.02mm's Titanium alloy sheet；The scraper-type of selective laser melting unit is brush doctor.
  10. 10. a kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology according to claim 7, it is special Sign is that the state modulator in the selective laser melting unit shaping storehouse is：By basal plate preheating to 80 ° before printing, print procedure Oxygen content requirement is less than 1% in middle shaping storehouse, and shaping storehouse pressure is maintained at 3.5KPa or so, is exceeded with purity during printing 99.99% argon gas is protected.
CN201711328143.5A 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 A kind of method that fine copper tool-electrode is prepared based on selective laser smelting technology Pending CN107866569A (en)

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CN109396435A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-03-01 陕西理工大学 A kind of aluminum alloy complex curved sheets 3D printing manufacturing method
CN110901063A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-24 杭州德迪智能科技有限公司 Targeted induction and directional energy composite three-dimensional forming device and method
CN111036905A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-21 同济大学 Method for improving density and avoiding hole defects by using layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting
CN111940731A (en) * 2020-07-03 2020-11-17 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 Laser melting forming method and forming device for pure copper parts
CN112139494A (en) * 2020-06-28 2020-12-29 西安航天发动机有限公司 High-precision and unsupported selective laser melting forming method

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CN109396435A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-03-01 陕西理工大学 A kind of aluminum alloy complex curved sheets 3D printing manufacturing method
CN110901063A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-24 杭州德迪智能科技有限公司 Targeted induction and directional energy composite three-dimensional forming device and method
CN111036905A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-21 同济大学 Method for improving density and avoiding hole defects by using layer-by-layer repeated laser remelting
CN112139494A (en) * 2020-06-28 2020-12-29 西安航天发动机有限公司 High-precision and unsupported selective laser melting forming method
CN111940731A (en) * 2020-07-03 2020-11-17 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 Laser melting forming method and forming device for pure copper parts

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