CN111972636B - 一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥的制作方法 Download PDF

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CN111972636B
CN111972636B CN201910474151.3A CN201910474151A CN111972636B CN 111972636 B CN111972636 B CN 111972636B CN 201910474151 A CN201910474151 A CN 201910474151A CN 111972636 B CN111972636 B CN 111972636B
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徐晚秀
肖珍
丁金福
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Zhejiang Normal University CJNU
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L19/01Instant products; Powders; Flakes; Granules
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/015Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/30Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
    • A23L5/34Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using microwaves
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥的制作方法,属于食品加工技术领域。本发明以新鲜、成熟的佛手为原料,依次经过清洗、切片、第一级高温恒温微波干燥、第二级低温恒温微波干燥、第三级中温恒温微波干燥、包装得到具有较好品质的佛手片的干制品。本发明的产品很好的保存了佛手的营养成分,较多的保留了其品质,降低能耗、提高生产可靠性、洁净、健康,操作简单、易于掌握,特别适宜于佛手片干制品的标准化生产。

Description

一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥的制作方法
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,涉及一种佛手片干燥制作方法,更具体地说,涉及一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥制作方法。
背景技术
佛手是柑橘属植物的变种之一,具有很高的观赏价值和珍贵的药用价值。由于传统上佛手被认为对胰腺,肝脏和胃功能有益,人们喜欢将佛手作为辅助草药来治疗多种慢性疾病,如高血压和呼吸道感染。佛手主要产于中国广东省、四川省、浙江省等地,其中以浙江金华佛手最为著名,被称为“果中之鲜品,世上之奇卉”。佛手在金华生产基地达上千余亩,年产鲜果600-800吨,主要以销售佛手盆景和鲜果为主,但是随着产业规模的扩大,佛手果盛产期相对集中,产品上市周期短,从而给贮藏、运输和销售带来极大困难。普通的晾晒方式受自然条件的约束,干燥时间较长,而且容易受到害虫、微生物、灰尘的污染。因此,将佛手加工成保质期长、保藏方便的产品具有十分重要的意义。而将佛手切片干燥加工后进行热水冲泡饮用,是佛手加工增值以及食用的重要途径之一。
王玉等通过优化烘箱干燥、微波干燥及热风干燥工艺,比较不同干燥加工方法对川佛手质量的影响发现微波干燥和热风干燥适用于川佛手干燥。二热风干燥时间长,能耗较大,微波干燥由于其干燥时间短并可以杀菌因此更适宜使用微波干燥。而王玉采用的微波干燥方法中控制的微波功率为固定值,在干燥后期,由于佛手的含水量低,容易导致佛手高温焦糊,降低产品品质。
公开日为2016年2月3目的中国专利1052821A公开了一种佛手薄片及其加工方法,该方法采用热风烘干,将新鲜的佛手片置于湿度为38~48%、热风温度为40~60℃的条件下烘干36小时以上,干燥后干片的外观质量得到了保证并能够有效的保留成分。但其干燥时间过长,能耗大,对最终产品气味保留效果不佳。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥制作方法,能够缩短干燥时间、提升干燥品质。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥制作方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,筛选新鲜、成熟的佛手;
步骤2,将筛选后的佛手表面进行清洗;
步骤3,将清洗后的佛手切片;
步骤4,将佛手切片摆放至微波干燥物料盘上进行第一级高温恒温微波干燥;
步骤5,将步骤4所得的佛手片进行第二级低温恒温微波干燥;
步骤6,将步骤5所得的佛手片进行第三级中温恒温微波干燥;
步骤7,将步骤6所得的佛手片密封包装。
所述步骤3中,所采用的切片厚度为3~5mm。
所述步骤4中,所采用的高温温度为80~85℃,第一级的高温恒温微波干燥时间为8~10min。
所述步骤5中,所采用的低温温度为55~60℃,第二级的低温恒温微波干燥时间为8~10min。
所述步骤6中,所采用的低温温度为68~73℃,第三级的低温恒温微波干燥至终点含水量为10%。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的产品提高了佛手片的品质,制作方法缩短了干燥时间;同事微波辐射可以实现杀菌的要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。
实施例1
一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥制作方法,步骤如下:
(1)筛选新鲜、成熟的佛手;
(2)将步骤1筛选后的佛手表面进行清洗;
(3)将步骤2清洗后的佛手切片,切片厚度为5mm;
(4)将步骤3得到的佛手切片摆放至微波干燥物料盘上进行第一级高温恒温微波干燥,设定温度为 80℃,并干燥10min;
(5)将步骤4所得的佛手片进行第二级低温恒温微波干燥,设定温度为55℃,并干燥8min;
(6)将步骤5所得的佛手片进行第三级中温恒温微波干燥,设定温度为68℃,并干燥至佛手片的终点含水量10%;
(7)将步骤6所得的佛手片密封包装。
实施例2
一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥制作方法,步骤如下:
(1)筛选新鲜、成熟的佛手;
(2)将步骤1筛选后的佛手表面进行清洗;
(3)将步骤2清洗后的佛手切片,切片厚度为5mm;
(4)将步骤3得到的佛手切片摆放至微波干燥物料盘上进行第一级高温恒温微波干燥,设定温度为 83℃,并干燥9min;
(5)将步骤4所得的佛手片进行第二级低温恒温微波干燥,设定温度为57℃,并干燥9min;
(6)将步骤5所得的佛手片进行第三级中温恒温微波干燥,设定温度为70℃,并干燥至佛手片的终点含水量10%;
(7)将步骤6所得的佛手片密封包装。
实施例3
一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥制作方法,步骤如下:
(1)筛选新鲜、成熟的佛手;
(2)将步骤1筛选后的佛手表面进行清洗;
(3)将步骤2清洗后的佛手切片,切片厚度为5mm;
(4)将步骤3得到的佛手切片摆放至微波干燥物料盘上进行第一级高温恒温微波干燥,设定温度为 85℃,并干燥8min;
(5)将步骤4所得的佛手片进行第二级低温恒温微波干燥,设定温度为60℃,并干燥8min;
(6)将步骤5所得的佛手片进行第三级中温恒温微波干燥,设定温度为73℃,并干燥至佛手片的终点含水量10%;
(7)将步骤6所得的佛手片密封包装。
比较例
筛选出的新鲜、成熟的佛手进行清洗以及切片,切片厚度为5mm。然后将佛手片摆放至微波干燥物料盘上,分别对其微波干燥过程中的温度设定为60℃、70℃和80℃。干燥是终点含水量10%。并将干燥后的佛手片密封包装。
通过以下标准对各实施例和比较例所制得的佛手片进行品质分析和感官评价。品质分析中使用具有5 mm直径测量区域的色差计进行表面颜色测量;通过将样品浸入至室温水中30min来确定其复水特性;使用GC-MS检测会发成分总量,设定柱温40℃保留5min,以5℃/min升至240℃,进样口250℃;传输线240℃;流速:1ml/min;1∶100分流进样,质谱条件:电离源为EI70eV;离子源温度220℃,质量扫描范围50~650amu;发射电源250μA,检测电压1.7kV)采用NIST11质量分析数据库进行检索,确认挥发性风味成分的各化学组成气味。感官评价方法如表1所示:
表1感官质量评价内容及评分标准
Figure BSA0000184025460000031
检测结果如表2和表3所示:
表2品质检测结果表
Figure BSA0000184025460000032
表3感官评价结果
Figure BSA0000184025460000033
由以上结果可知,总体上实施例1、2、3的品质和感官评价品质比恒温干燥品质好。实施例1、2、3 的色差比恒温50℃和60℃制得的佛手片稍差,但由于恒温70℃和80℃制得的佛手片。而恒温50℃和60℃干燥时间较长,需要3h以上,而本发明处理后的佛手片所需干燥时间短,不足2h。

Claims (1)

1.一种佛手片三级变温微波干燥制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,筛选新鲜、成熟的佛手;
步骤2,将筛选后的佛手进行清洗;
步骤3,将清洗后的佛手切片;
步骤4,将佛手切片摆放至微波干燥物料盘上进行第一级高温恒温微波干燥;
步骤5,将步骤4所得的佛手片进行第二级低温恒温微波干燥;
步骤6,将步骤5所得的佛手片进行第三级中温恒温微波干燥;
步骤7,将步骤6所得佛手片密封包装;
所述步骤3所采用的切片厚度为3~5mm;
所述步骤4中,采用的高温温度为80~85℃,第一级的高温恒温微波干燥时间为8~10min;
所述步骤5中,采用的低温温度为55~60℃,第二级的低温恒温微波干燥时间为8~10min;
所述步骤6中,采用的中温温度为68~73℃,第三级的中温恒温微波干燥至终点含水量为10%。
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