CN111972556A - Fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions - Google Patents
Fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000001453 Glycyrrhiza echinata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000006200 Glycyrrhiza glabra Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000017382 Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 229940010454 licorice Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000202807 Glycyrrhiza Species 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions, belonging to the technical field of animal feeds, and the feed formula comprises the following components: 30-40% of corn straw, 10-20% of sweet potato, 10-20% of white spirit vinasse, 10-15% of sweet potato vine, 10-15% of rice husk, 10-15% of bean dregs, 1-8% of rapeseed cake, 1-5% of fishbone, 1-3% of garlic, 1-3% of licorice powder, 1-2% of orange peel, 0.5-1% of baking soda and 0.5-1% of salt, and simultaneously the preparation and feeding methods thereof are explained. The formula feed is rich and comprehensive in nutrition, can improve feeding and digestion efficiency of the feeder cattle, effectively enhances immunity and cold resistance, and is suitable for fattening breeding of the feeder cattle in the environment of alpine regions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fattening feed for cattle, in particular to a fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions, and belongs to the technical field of animal feeds.
Background
The shelf cattle is a cattle variety, generally is a foreign excellent beef variety and a local yellow cattle filial generation, has large body size, flat and wide shoulder, wide and deep chest, round and large abdomen, bent ribs, wide buttocks, large head, large nostrils, large and deep mouth corners, wide and wet rhinoscope, developed lower palate, large eyes, spirit, capillary and bright skin, soft, loose and elastic skin, is easy to fatten by pinching and pulling up like a rubber band with hands, and has good beef quality, high growth speed and high feed conversion rate.
In the beef cattle industry in China, shelf cattle are generally not fattened or are not slaughtered enough, such beef cattle are usually selected from farms or farmers to be fattened in fattening fields, strong, early-maturing, early-fattening, no food preference and high digestibility beef cattle are selected when the shelf cattle are selected, and the variety, age, weight, gender, physical appearance and the like are required to be considered.
According to the statistics of ministry of commerce, the import quantity of beef and byproducts thereof in China is rapidly increased from 2.7 ten thousand tons in 2011 to 60.1 ten thousand tons in 2016, and the main imports countries of beef and byproducts thereof in 2016 are Brazil, Uraguay and Australia, and the demand for high-quality meat and beef is further improved along with the improvement of the living standard of residents in China, but the demand still depends on import to meet the requirement to a great extent; meanwhile, although the beef consumption in China is the first in the world, the annual average beef consumption of the average person is still far lower than the average level in the world.
Therefore, the improvement of the breeding and processing level of beef cattle in China, particularly high-quality beef cattle in alpine regions, is necessary, and is between the current breeding and consumption level of beef cattle in China, the research and development of fattening feed for shelf cattle in alpine regions are still less, and the traditional feed still has certain defects, and the development and optimization of a feed formula suitable for fattening the shelf cattle are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide fattening feed for high and cold cattle in alpine regions to make up for the defects of traditional feed for feeding the high and cold cattle.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
the fattening feed for the feeder cattle in the alpine region comprises the following formula components in parts by mass: 30-40% of corn straw, 10-20% of sweet potato, 10-20% of white spirit vinasse, 10-15% of sweet potato vine, 10-15% of rice husk, 10-15% of bean dregs, 1-8% of rapeseed cake, 1-5% of fishbone, 1-3% of garlic, 1-3% of licorice powder, 1-2% of orange peel, 0.5-1% of baking soda and 0.5-1% of salt.
Preferably, the preferable after-feed ratio is as follows: 30% of corn straw, 10% of sweet potato, 13% of white spirit vinasse, 11% of sweet potato vine, 11% of rice husk, 10% of bean dregs, 5% of rapeseed cake, 3% of fishbone, 1.5% of garlic, 2% of licorice powder, 2% of orange peel, 0.7% of baking soda and 0.8% of salt.
Preferably, the preferable after-feed ratio is as follows: 35% of corn straw, 10% of sweet potato, 15% of white spirit vinasse, 10% of sweet potato seedling, 10% of rice husk, 10% of bean dregs, 3% of rapeseed cake, 2% of fishbone, 1% of garlic, 1.5% of licorice powder, 1.5% of orange peel, 0.5% of baking soda and 0.5% of salt.
Preferably, the preferable after-feed ratio is as follows: 30% of corn straw, 12% of sweet potato, 16% of white spirit vinasse, 10% of sweet potato vine, 10.5% of rice husk, 10% of bean dregs, 4% of rapeseed cake, 3% of fishbone, 1% of garlic, 1.5% of licorice powder, 1% of orange peel, 0.5% of baking soda and 0.5% of salt.
Preferably, the preparation method of the cattle fattening feed comprises the following steps:
step 1: pretreatment of
According to the formula, the sweet potato and sweet potato seedlings are properly dried, and are respectively crushed and sieved together with corn straws, rapeseed cakes, white spirit tanks, chaff, fishbone, garlic and orange peel tuber materials after being dried;
step 2: stirring and mixing
Mixing the crushed materials with the bean dregs, the licorice powder, the baking soda and the salt according to the formula, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing in a barrel beater;
and step 3: pressing
Pouring the mixed feed into a pressing machine for pressing to obtain granular feed;
and 4, step 4: drying by baking
Hot air drying is carried out on the primary finished product of the granulated feed to control the water content, so that the granulated feed is convenient to transport and store;
and 5: packing storage
And (3) bagging the mixed materials by using a plastic woven bag, inspecting and issuing an inspection report, and storing the inspection report in a dry, dark and cool place.
Preferably, in the step 1, the drying process of the sweet potato and sweet potato seedlings comprises the following steps: drying with 60-65 deg.C hot air for 4h, and sieving with 10 mesh sieve.
Preferably, in the step 2, the barrel beating process is as follows: 200-230r/min, and 10 min.
Preferably, in the step 3, the particle size of the compressed granulated feed is 7-10 mm.
Preferably, in the step 4, the drying process of the primarily compressed feed particles comprises: drying with hot air at 70-75 deg.C for 12 hr until the water content is below 8%.
Preferably, the method for feeding the cattle fattening feed comprises the following steps:
feeding for 2 times in 1 day, and feeding in the morning and evening in the winter and spring at 5: 30-6: 00 feeding, and advancing to 4 in the morning in summer and autumn: 30-5: 00 feeding, wherein the feeding time is controlled to be 25-35 minutes; the feeding amount is 3-3.5% of the body weight of the patient per day; before feeding, the pellet feed and water are mixed in a ratio of 1: 0.8-1, and fully mixing.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the feed for feeding the feeder cattle in the alpine region is comprehensive and rich in nutrition, improves the feeding and digestion efficiency of the feeder cattle, can enhance the immunity and cold resistance of the feeder cattle, and can adapt to the fattening culture of the feeder cattle in the alpine region.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clear and definite for those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1:
the fattening feed for feeder cattle in the alpine region provided by the embodiment 1 is preferably prepared by the following steps: 30% of corn straw, 10% of sweet potato, 13% of white spirit vinasse, 11% of sweet potato vine, 11% of rice husk, 10% of bean dregs, 5% of rapeseed cake, 3% of fishbone, 1.5% of garlic, 2% of licorice powder, 2% of orange peel, 0.7% of baking soda and 0.8% of salt.
In this example 1, a method for preparing a cattle fattening feed comprises: proper drying of sweet potatoes and sweet potato seedlings in the formula, wherein the drying process comprises the following steps: hot air drying at 63 deg.C for 4 hr, pulverizing with corn stalk, rapeseed cake, white spirit groove, rice husk, fishbone, garlic, and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae respectively, and sieving with 10 mesh sieve; mixing the crushed materials with the bean dregs, the licorice powder, the baking soda and the salt according to the formula, fully stirring and uniformly mixing in a barrel beater, wherein the barrel beating process comprises the following steps: rotating speed of 200r/min for 10 min; pouring the mixed feed into a pressing machine for pressing to obtain granular feed with the grain diameter of 10 mm; then the hot air drying is carried out, and the drying process comprises the following steps: drying at 75 deg.C for 12 hr until the water content is below 8%.
In this example 1, the method of feeding cattle fattening feed: feeding for 2 times in 1 day, and feeding in the morning and evening in the winter and spring at 5: 30 feeding, wherein the morning is advanced to 5 in summer and autumn: 00 feeding, wherein the feeding time is controlled to be 25-35 minutes; the feeding amount is 3.5% of the body weight of the feed per day; before feeding, the pellet feed and water are mixed in a ratio of 1: 1 and mixing thoroughly.
Example 2:
the fattening feed for feeder cattle in the alpine region, provided by the embodiment 2, is preferably prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 35% of corn straw, 10% of sweet potato, 15% of white spirit vinasse, 10% of sweet potato seedling, 10% of rice husk, 10% of bean dregs, 3% of rapeseed cake, 2% of fishbone, 1% of garlic, 1.5% of licorice powder, 1.5% of orange peel, 0.5% of baking soda and 0.5% of salt.
In this example 2, a method for preparing a cattle fattening feed comprises: proper drying of sweet potatoes and sweet potato seedlings in the formula, wherein the drying process comprises the following steps: drying with hot air at 65 deg.C for 4 hr, pulverizing with corn stalk, rapeseed cake, white spirit groove, rice husk, fishbone, garlic, and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae respectively, and sieving with 10 mesh sieve; mixing the crushed materials with the bean dregs, the licorice powder, the baking soda and the salt according to the formula, fully stirring and uniformly mixing in a barrel beater, wherein the barrel beating process comprises the following steps: rotating speed of 210r/min for 10 min; pouring the mixed feed into a pressing machine for pressing to obtain granular feed with the grain diameter of 9 mm; then the hot air drying is carried out, and the drying process comprises the following steps: drying at 75 deg.C for 12 hr until the water content is below 8%.
In this example 2, the method of feeding cattle fattening feed: feeding for 2 times in 1 day, in the morning and evening in the winter and spring season at 6: 00 feeding, and advancing to 4 in the morning in summer and autumn: feeding for 30 min, wherein the feeding time is controlled to be 25-35 min; the feeding amount is 3.0% of the body weight of the feed per day; before feeding, the pellet feed and water are mixed in a ratio of 1: 1 and mixing thoroughly.
Example 3:
the fattening feed for feeder cattle in the alpine region provided by the embodiment 3 is preferably prepared by the following steps: 30% of corn straw, 12% of sweet potato, 16% of white spirit vinasse, 10% of sweet potato vine, 10.5% of rice husk, 10% of bean dregs, 4% of rapeseed cake, 3% of fishbone, 1% of garlic, 1.5% of licorice powder, 1% of orange peel, 0.5% of baking soda and 0.5% of salt.
In this example 3, a method for preparing a cattle fattening feed comprises: proper drying of sweet potatoes and sweet potato seedlings in the formula, wherein the drying process comprises the following steps: drying with hot air at 60 deg.C for 4 hr, pulverizing with corn stalk, rapeseed cake, white spirit groove, rice husk, fishbone, garlic, and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae respectively, and sieving with 10 mesh sieve; mixing the crushed materials with the bean dregs, the licorice powder, the baking soda and the salt according to the formula, fully stirring and uniformly mixing in a barrel beater, wherein the barrel beating process comprises the following steps: rotating speed of 230r/min for 10 min; pouring the mixed feed into a pressing machine for pressing to obtain granular feed with the grain diameter of 9 mm; then the hot air drying is carried out, and the drying process comprises the following steps: at 73 ℃ for 12h, and the water content after drying is below 8 percent.
In this example 3, the method of feeding cattle fattening feed: feeding for 2 times in 1 day, and feeding in the morning and evening in the winter and spring at 5: 30 feeding, and advancing to 4 in summer and autumn in morning: feeding for 30 min, wherein the feeding time is controlled to be 25-35 min; the feeding amount is 3.1% of the body weight of the feed per day; before feeding, the pellet feed and water are mixed in a ratio of 1: 0.9 and mixed well.
Comparative example 1:
in order to compare the differences in the fattening effect of the cattle fattening feed in examples 1, 2 and 3 with that of the general cattle on the high and cold region feeder, the feeding method of example 1 was followed to perform a 90-day feeding test on the same breed of high and cold region feeder, and the daily weight gain was recorded.
The test results are shown in table one:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, after the same high and cold region shelf cattle are fed for 90 days according to the same feeding method, the average daily weight gain of the 3 examples fed by the formula is obviously higher than that of a control group, namely the average daily weight gain of the 3 examples fed by the formula is fed by a common cattle fattening feed, and the results show that the feed provided by the examples can be used as an improved formula of the common fattening feed for the cattle in the high and cold region.
Comparative example 2:
in order to compare the fattening feed of the cattle of examples 1, 2 and 3 with that of general cattle, the differences in the ability of the feeder to adapt to the climate in alpine regions during feeding with the same feed method were evaluated in the same breeding process in different seasons, i.e., in summer, winter and other seasons.
The test results are shown in table two:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the results in table 2, compared with the fattening feed for general feeder cattle, the average daily weight gain of the feed provided by 3 examples in different seasons of the year is remarkably improved; in addition, as can be seen from the smaller range of the 3 example groups, the difference of the average daily gain of the cattle fed on the cattle in the alpine region in different seasons fluctuates less, which indicates that the cattle fed on the example groups can adapt to the climatic features of the alpine region better.
In conclusion, in this embodiment, according to the fattening feed for the feeder cattle in the alpine region of this embodiment, the feed for the feeder cattle in the alpine region provided by this embodiment is comprehensive and rich in nutrition, can improve the feeding and digestion efficiency, and enhances the immunity and cold resistance, so that the feed can be more suitable for the fattening and breeding of the feeder cattle in the alpine region environment.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and its conception within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions is characterized by comprising the following formula components in parts by mass: 30-40% of corn straw, 10-20% of sweet potato, 10-20% of white spirit vinasse, 10-15% of sweet potato vine, 10-15% of rice husk, 10-15% of bean dregs, 1-8% of rapeseed cake, 1-5% of fishbone, 1-3% of garlic, 1-3% of licorice powder, 1-2% of orange peel, 0.5-1% of baking soda and 0.5-1% of salt.
2. The fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein the preferable feed ratio is as follows: 30% of corn straw, 10% of sweet potato, 13% of white spirit vinasse, 11% of sweet potato vine, 11% of rice husk, 10% of bean dregs, 5% of rapeseed cake, 3% of fishbone, 1.5% of garlic, 2% of licorice powder, 2% of orange peel, 0.7% of baking soda and 0.8% of salt.
3. The fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein the preferable feed ratio is as follows: 35% of corn straw, 10% of sweet potato, 15% of white spirit vinasse, 10% of sweet potato seedling, 10% of rice husk, 10% of bean dregs, 3% of rapeseed cake, 2% of fishbone, 1% of garlic, 1.5% of licorice powder, 1.5% of orange peel, 0.5% of baking soda and 0.5% of salt.
4. The fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein the preferable feed ratio is as follows: 30% of corn straw, 12% of sweet potato, 16% of white spirit vinasse, 10% of sweet potato vine, 10.5% of rice husk, 10% of bean dregs, 4% of rapeseed cake, 3% of fishbone, 1% of garlic, 1.5% of licorice powder, 1% of orange peel, 0.5% of baking soda and 0.5% of salt.
5. The feed for fattening feeder cattle in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the feed for fattening cattle is as follows:
step 1: pretreatment of
According to the formula, the sweet potato and sweet potato seedlings are properly dried, and are respectively crushed and sieved with corn straws, rapeseed cakes, white spirit tanks, sweet potato seedlings, rice husks, fishbones, garlic and orange peels after being dried;
step 2: stirring and mixing
Mixing the crushed materials with the bean dregs, the licorice powder, the baking soda and the salt according to the formula, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing in a barrel beater;
and step 3: pressing
Pouring the mixed feed into a pressing machine for pressing to obtain granular feed;
and 4, step 4: drying by baking
Hot air drying is carried out on the primary finished product of the granulated feed to control the water content, so that the granulated feed is convenient to transport and store;
and 5: packing storage
And (3) bagging the mixed materials by using a plastic woven bag, inspecting and issuing an inspection report, and storing the inspection report in a dry, dark and cool place.
6. The fattening feed for the feeder cattle in the alpine region according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the drying process of the sweet potatoes and the sweet potato seedlings comprises the following steps: drying with 60-65 deg.C hot air for 4h, and sieving with 10 mesh sieve.
7. The fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the barrel beating process comprises the following steps: 200-230r/min, and 10 min.
8. The fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the particle size of the granulated feed after compression is 7-10 mm.
9. The fattening feed for feeder cattle in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the drying process of the primarily compressed feed particles comprises the following steps: drying with hot air at 70-75 deg.C for 12 hr until the water content is below 8%.
10. The feed for fattening feeder cattle in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein the method for feeding the feed for fattening cattle is as follows:
feeding for 2 times in 1 day, and feeding in the morning and evening in the winter and spring at 5: 30-6: 00 feeding, and advancing to 4 in the morning in summer and autumn: 30-5: 00 feeding, wherein the feeding time is controlled to be 25-35 minutes; the feeding amount is 3-3.5% of the body weight of the patient per day; before feeding, the pellet feed and water are mixed in a ratio of 1: 0.8-1, and fully mixing.
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| CN105432984A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛悦邦达机械有限公司 | Feeder cattle fattening feed |
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| CN109170250A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-11 | 甘肃傲农饲料科技有限公司 | A kind of feed for well-fattened ox or sheep |
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