A kind of fermented feed and preparation method and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fermented feed and preparation method and application, belongs to animal feeding-stuff preparing technical field.
Background technology
Since reform and opening-up, as China's livestock flourishes, the requirement of feed increasingly increases severely, and feedstuff supplies
Also it should be becoming tight day, following China strives the situation of food by people and animals are faced.Feed is the basis of animal husbandry development, and China's animal husbandry is fast
Speed development is larger with feed country supply and demand amount drop.This problem of feedstuff shortage is big with faced as China's animal husbandry one
Challenge.China, which has, is available for livestock, thousands of kinds of the wild feed of poultry food, and potentiality to be exploited is huge.Wild feed due to not by
Nutritious to environmental pollution, palatability is strong;Easily harvesting, it is economical and practical, it is rising.
Crude protein 13.19-15.82% in sunflower disk, crude fat 5.59%, crude fibre 16.1%, NFE
42.1%, calcium 1.41%, phosphorus 0.51%, copper, Zn content are also higher in addition.China is sunflower planting big country, sunflower by-product
The utilization scope of product is quite varied, and processing is proper, can both increase economic efficiency and increase farmers' income, moreover it is possible to solve byproduct and burn
Burn, stack the environmental problem brought.
Cellulose accounts for 32.9% in maize straw, and hemicellulose accounts for 32.5%, and lignin accounts for 4.6%, crude protein
9.3% is accounted for, coarse ash accounts for 7%.Corn is one of staple crops of China's plantation, and its stalk annual production is about 200,000,000 tons.
But because the crude protein content of maize straw is low, palatability is poor, Direct-fed, and the digestive utilization ratio of livestock and poultry is low.
Rice polishing powder is the accessory substance of rice processing, and poor taste when people is edible, nutritive value is higher, and main component is paste
Bisque, endosperm and embryo, crude fiber content are relatively low.Protein is in 12-13%, fatty 13-14%, moisture 13-14%, ash content
8.7%.Heilongjiang Province is the big province of Rice Production, and utilization rice accessory substance reduces resource wave to solving feed resource deficiency
Take important role.
Salsola collina (Salsola collina pall.), alias mountain pitch bright, fluffy of letter, Sha Peng, Chenopodiaceae Salsola one
Year raw herbaceous plant, plant is high 30~60 centimetres, non-irrigated mesad.It is widely distributed in China northeast, North China and the Northwest, Korea,
Mongolia, the former Soviet Union (Siberia and the Central Asia), Europe, India also have.In aridity grass land and Desert Area, the vertical withered plant of salsola collina
Strain can roll with the wind, long-distance migration, be brought together when meeting with barrier, meeting on prevailing wind direction fence is met on every spring, grassland
Accumulate and hang many salsola collinas, be woven into the very high wall of a stifled density, under strong wind effect, can usually overwhelm fence.Institute
With, these salsola collinas are collected, by feeding domestic animal after reasonably processing, can not only reduce fence loss, can be with
The domestic animal for lacking grass for spring solves a part of forage grass.Although salsola collina have it is calming the liver, relax bowel and other effects, by
It is too high in salsola collina nitrite, should not directly it eat.It is more by the way of water is scalded in the prior art, although can drop
Part content of nitrite in low salsola collina, but also lose the medical value of salsola collina.
The content of the invention
It is by sunflower disk powder, rice polishing powder, corn to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of fermented feed
Powder of straw and salsola collina tunning composition;The sunflower disk powder accounts for the 9-14% of fermented feed gross weight, the rice polishing
Powder accounts for the 20-50% of fermented feed gross weight, and the corn stalk powder accounts for the 20-30% of fermented feed gross weight, and remaining is pig
The tunning of hair dish.
The salsola collina tunning, it is by after the processing of salsola collina extrusion, is obtained after accessing leavening aerobic fermentation
's.
The leavening is Lactobacillus brevis, is preferably derived from the bacterial strain of sauerkraut or pickles.
The extrusion, extrusion pressure are 25-30MPa.
A kind of the step of preparation method of fermented feed, is as follows:
1) by after salsola collina coarse crushing, extrusion crushes expanded block simultaneously into block under 25-30MPa pressure
After being well mixed with the salsola collina juice of collection, extrusion salsola collina is obtained;
2) after being diluted with water into extrusion salsola collina obtained by step 1), extrusion salsola collina dilution is obtained, then
Glucose, yeast extract and liquid microelement are added, Lactobacillus brevis fermentation is accessed after stirring, salsola collina fermentation is obtained after fermentation
Liquid;
3) the salsola collina zymotic fluid obtained by step 2) is uniformly sprayed onto corn stalk powder, sunflower disk powder and rice polishing powder
Mixture on, obtain mixed fodder;
4) compacting step 3) gained mixed fodder, it is placed in anaerobism bag and ferments, is dried after fermentation ends and obtain fermented feed.
Step 2) the glucose, addition are the 5-30% of extrusion salsola collina dilution quality;The yeast extract,
Addition is the 5-15% of extrusion salsola collina dilution quality, and the liquid microelement, every liter of solution contains KI 0.3g,
H3BO33.0g, MnSO4·4H2O 10g, ZnSO4·7H2O 5g, Na2MnO4·2H2O 0.25g, CuSO4·5H2O 0.025g and
CoCl2·6H2O 0.025g, addition are the 0.1% of extrusion salsola collina dilution quality;The access Lactobacillus brevis hair
Ferment, it is the lactobacillus of access 10%, at 25-35 DEG C, ferments more than 2 days.
Step 2) is described to be diluted with water, and is the water for adding extrusion 0.5-1 times of quality of salsola collina.
Fermented in step 4) the anaerobism bag, be anaerobic fermentation more than 15 days at room temperature.
Methods described comprises the following steps that:
1) fresh salsola collina is selected, is checked without rotten, free from insect pests, is cut the root of salsola collina, silt is washed away with clear water.By pig
After hair dish coarse crushing, extrusion former is delivered to drag conveyor, extrusion is into bulk under 25-30MPa pressure
Thing, after crushing expanded block and being well mixed with the salsola collina juice of collection, obtain extrusion salsola collina;
2) after the water dilution of 0.5-1 times of quality is added into extrusion salsola collina obtained by step 1), extrusion is obtained
Salsola collina dilution, then add extrusion salsola collina dilution quality 5-30% glucose, 5-15% yeast extract and
0.1% liquid microelement, 10% Lactobacillus brevis is accessed after stirring, at 25-35 DEG C, ferment more than 2 days, obtain pig
Hair dish zymotic fluid;
The liquid microelement, every liter of solution contain KI 0.3g, H3BO33.0g, MnSO4·4H2O 10g, ZnSO4·
7H2O5g, Na2MnO4·2H2O 0.25g, CuSO4·5H2O 0.025g and CoCl2·6H2O 0.025g;
3) the salsola collina zymotic fluid obtained by step 2) is uniformly sprayed onto corn stalk powder, sunflower disk powder and rice polishing powder
Mixture on, obtain mixed fodder;
4) compacting step 3) gained mixed fodder, anaerobic fermentation more than 15 days at room temperature, fermentation knot are placed in anaerobism bag
Drying obtains fermented feed after beam.
It is described to dry feed drying to water content 8-12%.
Methods described is used to prepare fermented feed.
The feed individually or after being mixed with complete feed is used for raise livestock.
The present invention provides fermented feed and can added by a certain percentage in complete feed, and preferably adding proportion is 10%-
20%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
Fermented feed provided by the present invention rationally utilizes unconventional raw material, and from common waste material, screening is cheap,
The unconventional raw material of positive effect.The original nutritive value of unconventional raw material is improved by microbial fermentation, improves unconventional original
The content of the material such as amino acid, vitamin, immune peptide in material, while solve the difficult absorption of high-cellulose in unconventional raw material again
The problem of, enhance the palatability and digestibility of animal.
The preparation method of fermented feed provided by the present invention effectively reduces the content of nitrite in salsola collina, simultaneously
Maintain the medical value of salsola collina.It can effectively alleviate pregnant 90 days to 114 days mothers using fermented feed provided by the present invention
Pig constipation situation, significantly improve nursery-age pig survival rate and daily gain.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that content of nitrite changes in salsola collina in fermentation process.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention should not be limited by the examples.
Method used in following examples, it is the conventional method in this area without specified otherwise;Agents useful for same and instrument
Device is the reagent and instrument that can be obtained by commercial channel without specified otherwise.
The change of the salsola collina fermentation process nitrite of embodiment 1
Fresh salsola collina is selected, is checked without rotten, free from insect pests, is cut the root of salsola collina, silt is washed away with clear water.Take 100g
Salsola collina after processing, by salsola collina coarse crushing, extrusion former is delivered to drag conveyor, in 25-30MPa pressure
Under be squeezed into block, collect the salsola collina juice that extruding obtains;It will stir after block crushes after mixing with juice to mix and be homogeneously disposed in 4
It is DEG C standby.100g water is added in product after salsola collina extrusion, obtains dilution.10% grape is added in dilution
Sugar, 10% yeast extract and 0.1% liquid microelement;
Liquid microelement (g/L):KI 0.3g, H3BO33.0g, MnSO4·4H2O 10g, ZnSO4·7H2O 5g,
Na2MnO4·2H2O 0.25g, CuSO4·5H2O 0.025g, CoCl2·6H2O 0.025g。
After getting out salsola collina microbial culture medium, the Lactobacillus brevis after activation is accessed by 10% inoculum concentration, aerobic
Under the conditions of, at 30 DEG C, cultivate 5 days, period sampling measuring content of nitrite.The Lactobacillus brevis activation is to pass through Lactobacillus brevis
After crossing inclined-plane rejuvenation, zymotic fluid is accessed after the generation of Liquid Culture two.
Fig. 1 is influence of the different Lactobacillus brevis fermentation times to content of nitrite, from fig. 1, it can be seen that only when fermenting
Between be more than 48 hours, content of nitrite is less than 3mg/kg, it is believed that human or animal will not be affected greatly.
Influence of the extrusion salsola collina dilute strength of embodiment 2 to zymotic fluid nitrite
Fresh salsola collina is selected, is checked without rotten, free from insect pests, is cut the root of salsola collina, silt is washed away with clear water.Take 100g
Salsola collina after processing, by salsola collina coarse crushing, extrusion former is delivered to drag conveyor, in 25-30MPa pressure
Under be squeezed into block, collect the salsola collina juice that extruding obtains;Stirred after being mixed after block is crushed with juice and be placed in 4
It is DEG C standby.0g is added in product after salsola collina extrusion, 20g, 50g, 100g, 200g water, obtains salsola collina dilution.
10% glucose, 10% yeast extract and 0.1% liquid microelement are added in dilution;
Liquid microelement (g/L):KI 0.3g, H3BO33.0g, MnSO4·4H2O 10g, ZnSO4·7H2O 5g,
Na2MnO4·2H2O 0.25g, CuSO4·5H2O 0.025g, CoCl2·6H2O 0.025g
After getting out salsola collina microbial culture medium, the Lactobacillus brevis after activation is accessed by 10% inoculum concentration, aerobic
Under the conditions of, at 30 DEG C, cultivate 5 days, period sampling measuring content of nitrite.The Lactobacillus brevis activation is to pass through Lactobacillus brevis
After crossing inclined-plane rejuvenation, zymotic fluid is accessed after the generation of Liquid Culture two.
Handle 100g salsola collinas, water outlet about 70g, solid content about 30g.Table 1 is extrusion salsola collina dilute strength
Influence to zymotic fluid nitrite.From table 1 it follows that not adding water, 10% Lactobacillus brevis of inoculation is sent out
Ferment 2-5 days, content of nitrite has no significant change.Only when amount of water is more than more than 50g, Lactobacillus brevis could maintained just
Normal microbe conversion nitrite.
Influence of the extrusion salsola collina dilute strength of table 1 to zymotic fluid nitrite
|
2 days |
3 days |
4 days |
5 days |
Do not add water |
7.31mg/kg |
7.19mg/kg |
6.82mg/kg |
7.00mg/kg |
Add 20g water |
6.65mg/kg |
6.15mg/kg |
5.87mg/kg |
5.65mg/kg |
Add 50g water |
2.96mg/kg |
1.07mg/kg |
0.51mg/kg |
0.17mg/kg |
Add 100g water |
1.98mg/kg |
0.55mg/kg |
0.31mg/kg |
0.15mg/kg |
Add 200g water |
0.91mg/kg |
0.43mg/kg |
0.14mg/kg |
0.13mg/kg |
The preparation of the different formulations fermented feed of embodiment 3
1. the preparation of salsola collina zymotic fluid
Fresh salsola collina is selected, is checked without rotten, free from insect pests, is cut the root of salsola collina, silt is washed away with clear water.Take 100g
Salsola collina after processing, by salsola collina coarse crushing, extrusion former is delivered to drag conveyor, in 25-30MPa pressure
Under be squeezed into block, collect the salsola collina juice that extruding obtains;Stirred after being mixed after block is crushed with juice and be placed in 4
It is DEG C standby.100g water is added in product after salsola collina extrusion, obtains salsola collina dilution.10% is added in dilution
Glucose, 10% yeast extract and 0.1% liquid microelement;
Liquid microelement (g/L):KI 0.3g, H3BO33.0g, MnSO4·4H2O 10g, ZnSO4·7H2O 5g,
Na2MnO4·2H2O 0.25g, CuSO4·5H2O 0.025g, CoCl2·6H2O 0.025g。
After getting out salsola collina microbial culture medium, the Lactobacillus brevis after activation is accessed by 10% inoculum concentration, aerobic
Under the conditions of, at 30 DEG C, cultivate 5 days, period sampling measuring content of nitrite.The Lactobacillus brevis activation is to pass through Lactobacillus brevis
After crossing inclined-plane rejuvenation, zymotic fluid is accessed after the generation of Liquid Culture two.
2. the preparation of fermented feed
Formed by the formula of table 2 and be well mixed sunflower disk powder, rice polishing powder and corn stalk powder.
The salsola collina zymotic fluid of above-mentioned preparation is sprayed onto the sunflower disk powder formed in table 2, rice polishing in the ratio of table 2
In the mixture of powder and corn stalk powder, mixed fodder is obtained after well mixed.The mixed fodder of gained is compacted, is placed in anaerobism bag
Middle fermentation 15 days, fermented feed is obtained after being dried after fermentation ends.
The composition of the fermented feed of table 2
|
Sunflower disk powder |
Rice polishing powder |
Corn stalk powder |
Salsola collina tunning |
Formula 1 |
9g |
20g |
20g |
51g |
Formula 2 |
14g |
30g |
25g |
31g |
Formula 3 |
10g |
50g |
30g |
10g |
The application of the fermented feed of embodiment 4
Fresh salsola collina is selected, is checked without rotten, free from insect pests, is cut the root of salsola collina, silt is washed away with clear water.Take 100g
Salsola collina after processing, by salsola collina coarse crushing, extrusion former is delivered to drag conveyor, in 25-30MPa pressure
Under be squeezed into block, collect the salsola collina juice that extruding obtains;Stirred after being mixed after block is crushed with juice and be placed in 4
It is DEG C standby.50g is added into formula group 1-3 extrusion salsola collina respectively, 100g, 60g water, obtains dilution.Diluting
10% glucose, 10% yeast extract and 0.1% liquid microelement are added in liquid;
Liquid microelement (g/L):KI 0.3g, H3BO33.0g, MnSO4·4H2O 10g, ZnSO4·7H2O 5g,
Na2MnO4·2H2O 0.25g, CuSO4·5H2O 0.025g, CoCl2·6H2O 0.025g
After getting out salsola collina microbial culture medium, the Lactobacillus brevis after activation is accessed by 10% inoculum concentration, aerobic
Under the conditions of, at 30 DEG C, cultivate 5 days, period sampling measuring content of nitrite.The Lactobacillus brevis activation is to pass through Lactobacillus brevis
After crossing inclined-plane rejuvenation, zymotic fluid is accessed after the generation of Liquid Culture two.
Formed by the formula of table 2 and be well mixed sunflower disk powder, rice polishing powder and corn stalk powder.
By the salsola collina zymotic fluid of above-mentioned preparation it is uniform after, be sprayed onto in the ratio of table 2 formed in table 2 sunflower disk powder,
In the mixture of rice polishing powder and corn stalk powder, mixed fodder is obtained after well mixed.The mixed fodder of gained is compacted, is put
Anaerobic fermentation 15 days at room temperature in anaerobism bag, after fermentation ends drying obtain fermented feed.
For the actual effect of fermented feed prepared by the checking present invention, applicant chosen on long-range kind of pig farm body condition, body weight,
The growth of livestock, parity, the binary sow 80 being in a good state of health similar in the expected date of childbirth, are randomly divided into two groups, every group of 5 repetitions, often
Individual 8 sows of repetition, formula group 1-3 fermented feed is added in Sow Diet respectively, addition the time from gestation 90 days to
Weaned piglet 28 days, to study the fermented feed to piglet survival ratio during gestation prevention of sow constipation situation and lactation and increase day by day
The influence of weight situation.Wherein, control group fed does not add the complete feed of fermented feed, and fermented feed is formulated 1-3 by test group
Added respectively in 10% ratio of complete feed.Experimental period is that feeding to piglet wean in 28 days terminated since 90 days gestational periods.
Table 3 is influence of the fermented feed to pregnant -114 days 90 days prevention of sow constipation situations.Table 4 be fermented feed to piglet during lactation into
The influence of motility rate and daily gain situation.
Influence of the fermented feed of table 3 to pregnant -114 days 90 days prevention of sow constipation situations
Note:Colleague's shoulder mark difference lowercase alphabet significant difference (P < 0.05).
As shown in Table 3,10% fermented feed formula 1-3 test group sow is added, in the phase 90 days to the 114 day gestational period
Between, constipation situation is substantially less than control group.
Influence of the fermented feed of table 4 to piglet survival ratio during lactation and daily gain situation
Note:Colleague's shoulder mark difference lowercase alphabet significant difference (P < 0.05).
As shown in Table 4, add 10% fermented feed formula 1-3 test group, compared with control group, during lactation piglet into
Motility rate and daily gain significantly raise.
Synthesis result shows that 10% fermented feed of addition can significantly improve gestational period prevention of sow constipation situation, and accordingly improve
Its piglet survival ratio of lactation and daily gain.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, it is not limited to the present invention, any to be familiar with this
The people of technology, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modification, therefore the protection of the present invention can be done
What scope should be defined by claims is defined.