CN111965097A - Method for evaluating anti-aging performance of new composite insulator in tropical environment - Google Patents
Method for evaluating anti-aging performance of new composite insulator in tropical environment Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 title description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating the ageing resistance of a new composite insulator in a tropical environment, which comprises the following steps of S1, carrying out an artificial accelerated ageing test on the new composite insulator to be used in the tropical environment, wherein the artificial accelerated ageing test comprises the following steps: an artificial corona accelerated aging test and an artificial salt spray accelerated aging test; s2, carrying out hydrophobic angle test and infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test on the sample after the artificial corona accelerated aging test; s3, carrying out a hydrophobic angle test, an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and a leakage current test on the sample after the artificial salt spray accelerated aging test; and S4, performing grading evaluation on the aging resistance of the new composite insulator according to the results of the hydrophobic angle test, the infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and the leakage current test of the composite insulator after the artificial accelerated aging test. The invention evaluates the ageing resistance of the surface of the umbrella skirt of the new composite insulator, the umbrella skirt and the sheath interface through the test result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaluation method of power equipment, in particular to an evaluation method of the anti-aging performance of a new composite insulator in a tropical environment.
Background
In the field of power transmission, a composite insulator is used as a multi-disc insulator of a high-voltage wire connecting tower, and aims to increase creepage distance, and mainly plays two roles in an overhead line, namely supporting a wire and preventing current from flowing back to the ground, if the composite insulator is aged and the like, the service life and the service life of the whole line are damaged, so that the anti-aging performance of the composite insulator is obtained by performing an artificial accelerated aging test on the composite insulator.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for evaluating the anti-aging performance of a new composite insulator in a tropical environment, the anti-aging performance of the surface of the shed of the new composite insulator is evaluated according to a hydrophobic angle test result and an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test result, and the anti-aging performance of the interface of the shed and the sheath of the new composite insulator is evaluated according to a leakage current test result before and after boiling.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for evaluating the aging resistance of a new composite insulator in a tropical environment comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out an artificial accelerated aging test on the new composite insulator to be used in the tropical environment, wherein the artificial accelerated aging test comprises the following steps: an artificial corona accelerated aging test and an artificial salt spray accelerated aging test;
s2, carrying out hydrophobic angle test and infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test on the sample after the artificial corona accelerated aging test;
s3, carrying out a hydrophobic angle test, an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and a leakage current test on the sample after the artificial salt spray accelerated aging test;
and S4, performing grading evaluation on the aging resistance of the new composite insulator according to the results of the hydrophobic angle test, the infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and the leakage current test of the composite insulator after the artificial accelerated aging test.
Preferably, the artificial corona accelerated aging test adopts a silicon rubber material test piece with the same formula as the umbrella skirt of the new composite insulator, and the test steps comprise:
s1, the size of the silicon rubber material test piece is 40mm multiplied by 2mm, and the test piece is wiped and dried by absolute ethyl alcohol before the test;
s2, pressurizing the test piece by using a method of generating alternating corona by using a pin-plate electrode to perform artificial corona accelerated aging, wherein the test voltage is 8kV, and the distance between the pin-plate electrode and the test piece is 7.5 mm;
and S3, carrying out corona aging under a constant temperature and humidity environment, wherein the temperature is set to be 25 ℃, the relative humidity is set to be 75%, and the corona aging time of the test piece is 24 h.
Preferably, the artificial salt fog accelerated aging test adopts a short series test sample of the new composite insulator, the salt fog and the voltage are simultaneously applied for the test, the salt fog parameter meets the GB/T22079-.
Preferably, the hydrophobic angle test is performed by standing the tested sample for 300 hours after the artificial corona accelerated aging test or the artificial salt fog accelerated aging test, and then measuring the static contact angle theta of the surface of the tested sample.
The infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test comprises the following test steps:
s1, measuring surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of composite insulator umbrella skirt silicon rubber3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)；
S2, measuring composite insulator umbrella skirt silicon rubber matrix infrared spectrum Si-O-Si, Si-CH3Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of；
S3, calculating Si-O-Si and Si-CH3Characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degree.
Preferably, the sample is cut in a direction parallel to the surface at a position 2-3 mm from the surface of the sample, and the rest part is used as a matrix of the corresponding sample for infrared spectrum test.
Preferably, the test sample for the leakage current test is subjected to direct current leakage current measurement before boiling and after boiling, and the test steps include:
s1, before the boiling test, using deionized water to clean the surface of the insulator, measuring the length of the insulation part, applying direct current high voltage to the high-voltage end of the insulator, grounding the low-voltage side of the insulator through a microampere meter, and gradually increasing the applied direct current voltage from zero to the maximum value;
s2, performing a poaching test, and putting the whole composite insulator sample into boiling deionized water containing 0.1% NaCl for 42h, or putting the whole composite insulator sample into saline tap water with the conductivity of 1750 mu S/cm +/-80 mu S/cm at 20 ℃ for 42 h;
s3, taking out the sample after the poaching test, airing the sample at room temperature until no obvious liquid drops exist on the surface of the umbrella skirt, and measuring the leakage current value of the sample after poaching by the same method as the S1;
s4, making a leakage current-voltage change curve of the sample before and after boiling, dividing the specific applied voltage by the insulation length to obtain a voltage gradient, and calculating the leakage current change rate delta I under each voltage gradient before and after boiling according to the leakage current-voltage change curve;
s5, evaluating the quality of the tested product by selecting the leakage current change rate before and after boiling calculated under two voltage gradients of 0.5kV/cm and 2 kV/cm.
Preferably, the surface ageing resistance of the umbrella skirt of the new composite insulator is evaluated according to a hydrophobic angle test result and an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test result, and the interface ageing resistance of the umbrella skirt and the sheath of the new composite insulator is evaluated according to a leakage current test result before and after poaching.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for evaluating the aging resistance of a new composite insulator in a tropical environment, which is characterized by respectively obtaining a static contact angle theta, an infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and an Si-CH on the surface of a silicon rubber sample of the new composite insulator through a hydrophobic angle test, an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and a leakage current test3The attenuation degree of the characteristic absorption peak area and the leakage current change rate delta I% of a new composite insulator silicon rubber sample after being boiled in water are tested according to a hydrophobic angle test, an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and a leakage current testAnd as a result, the aging state degree of the new composite insulator is classified, the aging resistance of the new composite insulator is obtained, the composite insulator with better aging resistance is selected for use, and the safety of the power grid is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process for cutting a silicone rubber sample and a substrate from a composite insulator shed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a leakage current-voltage fitting curve of the composite insulator sample before and after boiling;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of quantitative analysis of absorption peak area for Fourier spectroscopy;
FIG. 5 is a composite insulator sample hydrophobicity grading map HC 1;
FIG. 6 is a composite insulator sample hydrophobicity grading map HC 2;
FIG. 7 is a composite insulator sample hydrophobicity grading map HC 3;
FIG. 8 is a composite insulator sample hydrophobicity grading map HC 4;
FIG. 9 is a composite insulator sample hydrophobicity grading spectrum HC 5;
FIG. 10 is a composite insulator sample hydrophobicity grading map HC 6;
in the figure: 100 composite insulator sheds, 200 silicone rubber samples, 300 substrates.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific embodiments are provided below, and the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, the method for evaluating the aging resistance of the new composite insulator in the tropical environment provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out an artificial accelerated aging test on the new composite insulator to be used in the tropical environment, wherein the artificial accelerated aging test comprises the following steps: an artificial corona accelerated aging test and an artificial salt spray accelerated aging test;
s2, carrying out hydrophobic angle test and infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test on the sample after the artificial corona accelerated aging test;
s3, carrying out a hydrophobic angle test, an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and a leakage current test on the sample after the artificial salt spray accelerated aging test;
and S4, performing grading evaluation on the aging resistance of the new composite insulator according to the results of the hydrophobic angle test, the infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and the leakage current test of the composite insulator after the artificial accelerated aging test.
According to the invention, the aging state degree of the new composite insulator is classified through an artificial accelerated aging test of the new composite insulator silicone rubber sample according to the results of a hydrophobic angle test, an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and a leakage current test, so that the aging resistance of the new composite insulator is obtained, the composite insulator with better aging resistance is selected for use, and the safety of a power grid is improved.
Specifically, the artificial corona accelerated aging test adopts a silicon rubber material test piece with the same formula as the umbrella skirt of the new composite insulator, and the test steps comprise:
s1, the size of the silicon rubber material test piece is 40mm multiplied by 2mm, and the test piece is wiped and dried by absolute ethyl alcohol before the test;
s2, pressurizing the test piece by using a method of generating alternating corona by using a pin-plate electrode to perform artificial corona accelerated aging, wherein the test voltage is 8kV, and the distance between the pin-plate electrode and the test piece is 7.5 mm;
and S3, carrying out corona aging under a constant temperature and humidity environment, wherein the temperature is set to be 25 ℃, the relative humidity is set to be 75%, and the corona aging time of the test piece is 24 h.
The artificial corona accelerated aging is carried out on the silicon rubber material test piece with the same formula as the umbrella skirt of the new composite insulator by adopting an alternating current corona method, the test voltage is selected to be 8kV, the distance between a needle plate electrode and a plate electrode is 7.5mm, and the test is carried out in a stable indoor environment.
Specifically, the artificial salt fog accelerated aging test adopts a short series test sample of a new composite insulator, and the test is carried out by simultaneously applying salt fog and voltage, wherein the salt fog parameters meet the GB/T22079-.
Specifically, the hydrophobic angle test is to firstly stand the tested sample for 300 hours after an artificial corona accelerated aging test or an artificial salt fog accelerated aging test, and then measure the static contact angle theta of the surface of the tested sample. According to GB/T24622-2009, a contact angle meter is adopted to test the static contact angle of the surface of the silicon rubber material after corona aging so as to obtain the hydrophobic recovery curve of the silicon rubber material, the static contact angle measurement of the surface of the silicon rubber material is carried out rapidly, a test piece is carefully stored, the measured surface is not required to be touched, 50 mu L of water drop is recommended, the plane level is kept as far as possible, or the static contact angle of the surface of the silicon rubber material after corona aging is tested by a contact angle method according to GB/T24622-2009 so as to obtain the hydrophobic recovery curve of the silicon rubber material.
The test article and the horizontal plane form an angle of 20-30 degrees, a spray nozzle of the spray can is 25cm away from the test article, the spraying is carried out for 1 time per second and 25 times in total, and water flows down on the surface of the test article after the water is sprayed. The spraying direction is as perpendicular as possible to the surface of the test piece, and the water spraying classification HC is completed in 30 after the water spraying. The divergence angle of the jet water flow is 50-70 degrees, and the following method can be adopted for determining the divergence angle: and standing a piece of newspaper at a position 25cm away from the nozzle, wherein the spraying direction is vertical to the newspaper, and water is sprayed for 10-15 times, so that the diameter of the formed wet spot is 25-35 cm.
According to the aggregation state of water drops on the surface of the material, the water-repellent material is divided into 7 hydrophobic grades, wherein the HC1 grade represents the surface with the highest hydrophobicity, and the HC7 grade represents the surface with complete hydrophilicity. The HC1 and HC2 grade materials are generally considered to have better hydrophobicity; the surface of the material of HC3 grade is aged; the surfaces of HC4 and HC5 materials have been subjected to severe aging; the surfaces of HC6 and HC7 materials are completely aged.
HC value determination is based on two observations:
(1) the shape of the water droplet;
(2) the percentage of the area occupied by the wetted surface.
The criteria are shown in table C1 and the hydrophobic HC1 to hydrophobic HC6 classification spectra.
TABLE C1 test article surface Water droplet status and hydrophobicity grading Standard
Specifically, the infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test comprises the following test steps:
s1, measuring surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of composite insulator umbrella skirt silicon rubber3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)；
S2, measuring composite insulator umbrella skirt silicon rubber matrix infrared spectrum Si-O-Si, Si-CH3Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of；
S3, calculating Si-O-Si and Si-CH3The attenuation degree of the characteristic absorption peak area is calculated in the following way:
wherein, Delta S is the attenuation degree of the characteristic absorption peak area of Si-O-Si, and Delta C is Si-CH3Characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degree; a small amount of the silicon rubber sample 200 is cut from the umbrella skirt of the composite insulator for detection, and simultaneously, the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample 200 is detected and analyzed by a peak area integration method in a Fourier infrared spectroscopy method3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)The tool eliminates subjective factors such as human factors and the like, and has high accuracy. It should be noted that, during the process of cutting the silicone rubber sample 200, the silicone rubber material is not pressed or pulled so as to avoid affecting the surface morphology thereof; and also does not need to touch the test part of the silicone rubber sample 200 by hands or other objects so as not to affect the surface information and shadow of the silicone rubber sample 200And (6) responding to the measurement result.
The above-mentioned S1 and S2 are processed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometerWatch (A)、CWatch (A)、SBase ofAnd said CBase ofAnd (6) detecting. Measuring Fourier infrared spectrograms of the silicon rubber sample 200 and the matrix 300 by using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and then respectively calculating and analyzing Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample 200 and the matrix 3003The peak area of the characteristic functional group is obtained as SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)、SBase ofAnd CBase ofThereby judging and grading the aging state degree of the composite insulator. The whole detection process is convenient to measure, small in workload and accurate in measured data. As shown in fig. 3, the operating principle of the fourier transform infrared spectrometer is as follows: the light emitted by the light source passes through the beam splitter, one part of the light is reflected to M1, the other part of the light is transmitted to M2, and the light reflected from M1 and M2 forms two columns of coherent light; when the incident light is monochromatic light, the moving mirror moves at a constant speed, and the intensity (I) of the interference light detected by the detector is a function of the optical path difference (); and expressing the interferogram detected by the detector in an integral mode to obtain an interferogram, and performing Fourier transform on the interferogram by using a computer to obtain a Fourier transform infrared spectrogram. The infrared spectrum generally represents the absorption intensity with the wavelength (λ) or wave number (σ) as the abscissa and the position of the absorption peak as the ordinate, and with the transmittance (T%) or absorbance (a) as the ordinate. Further, the basis of the infrared spectrum quantitative analysis is lambert-beer law, which is called beer law for short and is expressed as follows: when a beam of light passes through the sample, the absorption intensity (absorbance) at any wavelength is proportional to the concentration of each component in the sample, and is proportional to the optical path length (sample thickness), and the absorbance at any wave number (v) is:
wherein a (v) and T (v) represent absorbance and transmittance at a wave number (v), respectively, a (v) is unitless, a (v) represents an absorbance coefficient at the wave number (v) and is absorbance of the measured sample at the wave number (v) at a unit concentration and a unit thickness, b represents an optical path length (sample thickness), and c represents a concentration of the sample. In fig. 3, R is an infrared light source; m1 is a fixed mirror; m2 is a moving mirror; b is a beam splitter; s is a sample; d is a detector; a is an amplifier; f is a filter; A/D is an analog/digital converter; the D/A is a digital-to-analog converter.
Specifically, the sample is cut along the direction parallel to the surface at the position 2-3 mm away from the surface of the sample, and the rest part is used as a matrix of the corresponding sample to carry out infrared spectrum testing. The detection is carried out by cutting off a part of the silicon rubber sample 200 to be used as the matrix 300, and the silicon rubber material is not required to be cut from the composite insulator shed 100 to be used as the matrix 300; meanwhile, the matrix 300 is used as a part of the silicon rubber sample 200, the internal structure is basically not different, and the detection accuracy can be further improved; meanwhile, the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the matrix 300 is detected and analyzed by a peak area integration method in Fourier spectroscopy3Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase ofThe tool eliminates subjective factors such as human factors, has high accuracy, and the sampling process is shown in figure 1.
Specifically, the leakage current test is performed on the direct current leakage current measurement of the corresponding test sample before boiling and after boiling, and the test steps comprise:
s1, before the boiling test, using deionized water to clean the surface of the insulator, measuring the length of the insulation part, applying direct current high voltage to the high-voltage end of the insulator, grounding the low-voltage side of the insulator through a microampere meter, and gradually increasing the applied direct current voltage from zero to the maximum value; the maximum voltage applied to a 35kV sample is 100kV, the maximum voltage applied to 110kV and 220kV samples is 300kV, voltage values are recorded every 10kV, and the leakage current values under each applied voltage before the boiling test are recorded;
s2, performing a poaching test, and putting the whole composite insulator sample into boiling deionized water containing 0.1% (weight) of NaCl for 42h, or putting the whole composite insulator sample into saline tap water with the conductivity of 1750 mu S/cm +/-80 mu S/cm at 20 ℃ for 42 h;
s3, taking out the sample after the poaching test, airing the sample at room temperature until no obvious liquid drops exist on the surface of the umbrella skirt, and measuring the leakage current value of the sample after poaching by the same method as the S1;
s4, making a leakage current-voltage change curve of the sample before and after boiling, dividing the specific applied voltage by the insulation length to obtain a voltage gradient, and calculating the leakage current change rate delta I under each voltage gradient before and after boiling according to the leakage current-voltage change curve; the calculation method of the leakage current change rate delta I% is as follows:
in the formula, Δ I% is a leakage current change rate, I0 is a leakage current value before boiling, and I is a leakage current value after boiling.
S5, calculating a voltage gradient according to the length of the insulator interface part and the applied voltage, and evaluating the quality of the tested product by selecting the leakage current change rate before and after boiling calculated under the two voltage gradients of 0.5kV/cm and 2 kV/cm.
When there is a difference in water temperature, the conductivity should be corrected according to the formula given in chapter 7 of GB/T4585. After boiling, the test article is allowed to cool and should be kept in water until the start of a subsequent visual inspection test. If transportation is required during this period, the wetted insulator should be placed in a sealed plastic bag or other suitable container, but not for more than 12 hours at the longest. And taking out each sample, and carrying out appearance inspection on the umbrella cover without allowing cracking.
Specifically, the surface ageing resistance of the umbrella skirt of the new composite insulator is evaluated according to a hydrophobic angle test result and an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test result, and the interface ageing resistance of the umbrella skirt and the sheath of the new composite insulator is evaluated according to a leakage current test result before and after poaching.
The anti-aging performance of the new composite insulator is evaluated in a grading way according to the results of hydrophobic angle test, infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and leakage current test of the composite insulator after the artificial accelerated aging test, and the grading evaluation principle is as follows:
TABLE 2 evaluation criteria for artificial accelerated aging test
The aging degree grading standard fully considers the influence of the hydrophobic angle theta, the infrared spectrum characteristic absorption peak area ratio and the voltage gradient leakage current change rate delta I on the aging degree evaluation of the composite insulator, can judge the aging state degree of the composite insulator more sensitively and accurately, obtains the aging resistance of a new composite insulator, selects the composite insulator with better aging resistance for use, and improves the safety of a power grid.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for evaluating the aging resistance of a new composite insulator in a tropical environment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out an artificial accelerated aging test on the new composite insulator to be used in the tropical environment, wherein the artificial accelerated aging test comprises the following steps: an artificial corona accelerated aging test and an artificial salt spray accelerated aging test;
s2, carrying out hydrophobic angle test and infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test on the sample after the artificial corona accelerated aging test;
s3, carrying out a hydrophobic angle test, an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and a leakage current test on the sample after the artificial salt spray accelerated aging test;
and S4, performing grading evaluation on the aging resistance of the new composite insulator according to the results of the hydrophobic angle test, the infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test and the leakage current test of the composite insulator after the artificial accelerated aging test.
2. The method for evaluating the aging resistance of the new composite insulator in the tropical environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the artificial corona accelerated aging test adopts a silicon rubber material test piece with the same formula as the umbrella skirt of the new composite insulator, and the test steps comprise:
s1, the size of the silicon rubber material test piece is 40mm multiplied by 2mm, and the test piece is wiped and dried by absolute ethyl alcohol before the test;
s2, pressurizing the test piece by using a method of generating alternating corona by using a pin-plate electrode to perform artificial corona accelerated aging, wherein the test voltage is 8kV, and the distance between the pin-plate electrode and the test piece is 7.5 mm;
and S3, carrying out corona aging under a constant temperature and humidity environment, wherein the temperature is set to be 25 ℃, the relative humidity is set to be 75%, and the corona aging time of the test piece is 24 h.
3. The method for evaluating the aging resistance of the new composite insulator in the tropical environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the artificial salt fog accelerated aging test adopts a short string test article with a new composite insulator, the salt fog and voltage are simultaneously applied for the test, the salt fog parameters meet the GB/T22079-.
4. The method for evaluating the aging resistance of the new composite insulator in the tropical environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hydrophobic angle test is that after an artificial corona accelerated aging test or an artificial salt fog accelerated aging test, a test article after the test is placed for 300 hours, and then the static contact angle theta of the surface of the test article is measured.
5. The method for evaluating the aging resistance of the new composite insulator in the tropical environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test comprises the following test steps:
s1, measuring surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of composite insulator umbrella skirt silicon rubber3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)；
S2 measurement composite insulator umbrella skirt silicon rubber baseBulk infrared spectrum Si-O-Si, Si-CH3Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of；
S3, calculating Si-O-Si and Si-CH3Characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degree.
6. The method for evaluating the aging resistance of the new composite insulator in the tropical environment according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and cutting the sample at a position 2-3 mm away from the surface of the sample along a direction parallel to the surface, and performing infrared spectrum test on the rest part serving as a matrix of the corresponding sample.
7. The method for evaluating the aging resistance of the new composite insulator in the tropical environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the direct current leakage current measurement is carried out on the test sample corresponding to the leakage current test before boiling and after boiling respectively, and the test steps comprise:
s1, before the boiling test, using deionized water to clean the surface of the insulator, measuring the length of the insulation part, applying direct current high voltage to the high-voltage end of the insulator, grounding the low-voltage side of the insulator through a microampere meter, and gradually increasing the applied direct current voltage from zero to the maximum value;
s2, performing a poaching test, and putting the whole composite insulator sample into boiling deionized water containing 0.1% NaCl for 42h, or putting the whole composite insulator sample into saline tap water with the conductivity of 1750 mu S/cm +/-80 mu S/cm at 20 ℃ for 42 h;
s3, taking out the sample after the poaching test, airing the sample at room temperature until no obvious liquid drops exist on the surface of the umbrella skirt, and measuring the leakage current value of the sample after poaching by the same method as the S1;
s4, making a leakage current-voltage change curve of the sample before and after boiling, dividing the specific applied voltage by the insulation length to obtain a voltage gradient, and calculating the leakage current change rate delta I under each voltage gradient before and after boiling according to the leakage current-voltage change curve;
s5, evaluating the quality of the tested product by selecting the leakage current change rate before and after boiling calculated under two voltage gradients of 0.5kV/cm and 2 kV/cm.
8. The method for evaluating the aging resistance of the new composite insulator in the tropical environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and evaluating the surface ageing resistance of the umbrella skirt of the new composite insulator according to a hydrophobic angle test result and an infrared spectrum characteristic functional group absorption peak test result, and evaluating the interface ageing resistance of the umbrella skirt and the sheath of the new composite insulator according to a leakage current test result before and after poaching.
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