CN117452165A - A method for evaluating the surface insulation performance of composite insulators based on new leakage current separation technology - Google Patents
A method for evaluating the surface insulation performance of composite insulators based on new leakage current separation technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于新型泄漏电流分离技术的复合绝缘子表面绝缘性能评价方法，包括新型泄漏电流分离技术和复合绝缘子表面绝缘性能评价方法。新型泄漏电流分离技术是通过快速傅立叶变换(FFT)进行。基于实验定义的放电类型，将泄漏电流分为三个组成部分。复合绝缘子表面绝缘性能评价方法则是在盐雾老化试验中，观察两种放电现象，使用电子能谱法对复合绝缘子表面进行化学分析(ESCA)，然后对键合条件进行评估。在硅橡胶用作室外绝缘体的情况下，紫外线、雨水和空气污染物等各种环境因素会促进材料性能的恶化。在电力系统运行过程中，电弧和电晕局部放电等电气因素会引起跟踪和腐蚀现象。即使在暴露于放电或严重污染期间憎水性暂时恶化，憎水性在“休息”一段相当长的时间后也会恢复。然而，长期以来，这种材料的电特性还没有得到充分的阐明。本发明为这种电特性建立了评价指标和诊断方法。
The invention discloses a composite insulator surface insulation performance evaluation method based on a new leakage current separation technology, including a new leakage current separation technology and a composite insulator surface insulation performance evaluation method. The new leakage current separation technology is performed by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The leakage current is divided into three components based on experimentally defined discharge types. The method for evaluating the surface insulation performance of composite insulators is to observe two discharge phenomena in the salt spray aging test, use electron energy spectroscopy to conduct chemical analysis (ESCA) on the surface of the composite insulator, and then evaluate the bonding conditions. Where silicone rubber is used as an outdoor insulator, various environmental factors such as UV rays, rain, and air pollutants can contribute to the deterioration of the material's properties. During the operation of power systems, electrical factors such as arc and corona partial discharge can cause tracking and corrosion phenomena. Even if hydrophobicity temporarily deteriorates during exposure to electrical discharge or severe contamination, hydrophobicity will recover after a substantial period of "rest." However, the electrical properties of this material have not been fully elucidated for a long time. The present invention establishes evaluation indicators and diagnostic methods for this electrical characteristic.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种基于新型泄漏电流分离技术的复合绝缘子表面绝缘性能评价方法，具体为一种分离泄漏电流并用于检测硅橡胶的绝缘性能的方法，属于输电线路高电压与绝缘技术领域。The invention relates to a method for evaluating the surface insulation performance of composite insulators based on a new leakage current separation technology. Specifically, it is a method for separating leakage current and detecting the insulation performance of silicone rubber. It belongs to the technical field of high voltage and insulation of transmission lines.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，硅橡胶复合绝缘子绝缘子因其重量轻、机械强度高、憎水性高等优点，在电力系统中得到了广泛的应用。然而，在硅橡胶用作室外绝缘体的情况下，紫外线、雨水和空气污染物等各种环境因素会促进材料性能的恶化。其次，在电力系统运行过程中，电弧和电晕局部放电等电气因素会引起跟踪和腐蚀现象。In recent years, silicone rubber composite insulators have been widely used in power systems due to their light weight, high mechanical strength, and high hydrophobicity. However, where silicone rubber is used as an outdoor insulator, various environmental factors such as UV rays, rain, and air pollutants can contribute to the deterioration of the material's properties. Secondly, during the operation of the power system, electrical factors such as arc and corona partial discharge can cause tracking and corrosion phenomena.
到目前为止，在诊断方法的发展方面已有相当多的研究工作。诊断因素主要有表面电导率、憎水性、等效盐沉积密度(ESDD)、闪络电压(FOV)和泄漏电流。其中，泄漏电流提供了关于污秽绝缘体污秽量的信息，该信息已由IEEE非陶瓷绝缘体污秽工作组的一个特别工作组研究和确认。To date, there has been considerable research effort in the development of diagnostic methods. The main diagnostic factors are surface conductivity, hydrophobicity, equivalent salt deposition density (ESDD), flashover voltage (FOV) and leakage current. Among them, leakage current provides information on the amount of contamination of contaminated insulators, which has been studied and confirmed by a special working group of the IEEE Non-Ceramic Insulator Contamination Working Group.
在盐雾老化试验中，通常观察到两种放电现象，可以评价绝缘性能。其中一个，电晕局部放电发生在水滴之间，由于电晕放电产生的光子能量大于Si-C的键合能量，硅橡胶的Si-C键合被光子能量破坏。因此，可以用憎水表面的电晕放电活动来定义绝缘表面状况。另一种是发生在高分子材料表面的干带之间的干带电弧放电。干带状电弧放电电流的半宽度约为1.5ms，其累积电荷远大于电晕放电。因此，干带状电弧放电和电晕放电对绝缘子性能有重要影响，在盐雾老化试验中有必要研究它们的特性。In the salt spray aging test, two discharge phenomena are usually observed and the insulation performance can be evaluated. In one of them, corona partial discharge occurs between water droplets. Since the photon energy generated by corona discharge is greater than the bonding energy of Si-C, the Si-C bonding of silicone rubber is destroyed by the photon energy. Therefore, the corona discharge activity of hydrophobic surfaces can be used to define the insulating surface condition. The other is dry band arc discharge that occurs between dry bands on the surface of polymer materials. The half-width of dry strip arc discharge current is about 1.5ms, and its accumulated charge is much larger than that of corona discharge. Therefore, dry strip arc discharge and corona discharge have an important impact on the performance of insulators, and it is necessary to study their characteristics in salt spray aging tests.
发明内容Contents of the invention
即使在暴露于放电或严重污染期间憎水性能暂时恶化，憎水性能在“休息”一段相当长的时间后也会恢复。然而，长期以来，这种材料的电特性还没有得到充分的阐明。本发明的目的就在于为这种电特性建立评价指标和诊断方法。Even if the hydrophobic properties temporarily deteriorate during exposure to discharge or severe contamination, the hydrophobic properties will recover after a "rest" for a significant period of time. However, the electrical properties of this material have not been fully elucidated for a long time. The purpose of the present invention is to establish evaluation indicators and diagnostic methods for such electrical characteristics.
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的：一种基于新型泄漏电流分离技术的复合绝缘子表面绝缘性能评价方法，其中，所述新型泄漏电流分离技术包括：The present invention achieves the above object through the following technical solution: a method for evaluating the surface insulation performance of composite insulators based on a new leakage current separation technology, wherein the new leakage current separation technology includes:
泄漏电流，监测泄漏电流具有在线评估的优点。泄漏电流提供了受污染绝缘子上污染程度的信息，关注盐雾老化试验中获得的放电光发射与泄漏电流之间的关系。利用分光镜、光倍增器和静止相机对两种放电带来的光发射进行了观察，随后对其特性进行评价，并与泄漏电流进行了比较。Leakage current, monitoring leakage current has the advantage of online evaluation. Leakage current provides information on the extent of contamination on contaminated insulators, focusing on the relationship between discharge light emission and leakage current obtained in salt spray aging tests. The light emission from both discharges was observed using a spectroscope, a light multiplier and a stationary camera, and then its characteristics were evaluated and compared with the leakage current.
分离技术，电晕放电成分与泄漏电流的分离通过快速傅立叶变换(FFT)进行。基于实验定义的放电类型，将泄漏电流分为三个组成部分，例如在复合绝缘子材料上的水膜中流动的导电电流，电晕放电电流和干带电弧放电电流。最后，利用电子能谱法对复合绝缘子表面进行化学分析(ESCA)。然后对复合绝缘子成分的变化进行评估。Separation technology, the separation of corona discharge components and leakage current is performed by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The leakage current is divided into three components based on experimentally defined discharge types, such as the conductive current flowing in the water film on the composite insulator material, the corona discharge current and the dry band arc discharge current. Finally, electron energy spectroscopy was used to perform chemical analysis (ESCA) on the surface of the composite insulator. The changes in composite insulator composition are then evaluated.
所述复合绝缘子表面绝缘性能评价方法包括：The composite insulator surface insulation performance evaluation method includes:
1)盐雾老化试验，盐雾老化试验在1*1*1m3的丙烯酸室中进行。使用形状不同的两种硅橡胶作为绝缘体样品。1) Salt spray aging test. The salt spray aging test is conducted in a 1*1* 1m3 acrylic chamber. Two types of silicone rubber with different shapes were used as insulator samples.
2)利用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)实现电晕放电分量与泄漏电流的分离。根据FFT分析，电晕放电的频率范围在5khz以上，而导电电弧放电电流和干带电弧放电电流的频率范围在2khz以下。然后，将2.5kHz以上的电流分量定义为电晕放电产生的电流分量。2) Use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to separate the corona discharge component and leakage current. According to FFT analysis, the frequency range of corona discharge is above 5khz, while the frequency range of conductive arc discharge current and dry band arc discharge current is below 2khz. Then, the current component above 2.5kHz is defined as the current component generated by corona discharge.
3)干带电弧放电的起始是通过差分技术确定的，其中泄漏电流的大变化率作为指标。此外，我们假设导电电流为泄漏电流与电晕放电电流之差加上干带电弧放电电流。3) The onset of dry-band arc discharge is determined by differential techniques, in which the large rate of change of leakage current is used as an indicator. Furthermore, we assume that the conductive current is the difference between the leakage current and the corona discharge current plus the dry band arc discharge current.
4)在盐雾试验期间和试验结束后，使用静止相机观察放电现象的光发射。为了测量放电发射的光谱分布，将分光镜(SPM)与门控式CCD相机连接。将光倍增器(PM)的输出输入示波器，并在个人计算机上进行分析。在光倍增器的观测中，使用了蓝色和红色滤光片来测量电晕和干带电弧放电。用Na滤波器观察了干带电弧放电的光谱。4) During the salt spray test and after the test, use a still camera to observe the light emission of the discharge phenomenon. In order to measure the spectral distribution of the discharge emission, a spectroscope (SPM) was connected to a gated CCD camera. The output of the photomultiplier (PM) was input into an oscilloscope and analyzed on a personal computer. In the photomultiplier observations, blue and red filters were used to measure corona and dry band arc discharges. The spectrum of dry band arc discharge was observed using Na filter.
5)经过盐雾老化试验，利用ESCA分析Si的光电子能谱。观察原始RTV、暴露的RTV和暴露的HTV的Si的光电子能谱。5) After the salt spray aging test, use ESCA to analyze the photoelectron spectrum of Si. The photoelectron spectra of Si for pristine RTV, exposed RTV and exposed HTV were observed.
作为本发明的技术方案：所述电晕放电成分与泄漏电流的分离首先通过快速傅立叶变换(FFT)进行；所述绝缘性能评价方法是使用电子能谱法对复合绝缘子表面进行化学分析。As a technical solution of the present invention: the separation of corona discharge components and leakage current is first carried out through fast Fourier transform (FFT); the insulation performance evaluation method is to use electron energy spectroscopy to chemically analyze the surface of the composite insulator.
作为本发明的技术方案：所述步骤1)中，使用形状不同的两种硅橡胶，其中之一是直径为30mm、长度为250mm的棒状硅橡胶。另一个是厚度为2mm的板状硅橡胶，其横截面积为80*80mm2。此外，使用棒状橡胶、填料不同的两种橡胶。其中一个是以三水合氧化铝(ATH)和SiO为填料的高温硫化硅橡胶(HTV)。ATH的含量为50％。另一个是室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV)，填料仅为SiO。硅橡胶中的SiO起到增强性能的作用，三水合氧化铝(ATH)提供抗跟踪和侵蚀。板形样品则采用高温硫化硅橡胶(HTV)。As a technical solution of the present invention: in step 1), two types of silicone rubber with different shapes are used, one of which is a rod-shaped silicone rubber with a diameter of 30mm and a length of 250mm. The other is a plate-shaped silicone rubber with a thickness of 2mm and a cross-sectional area of 80*80mm 2 . In addition, rod-shaped rubber and two types of rubber with different fillers are used. One of them is high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV) with alumina trihydrate (ATH) and SiO as fillers. The content of ATH is 50%. The other is room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV) with only SiO as filler. SiO in the silicone rubber acts as a performance enhancer, and alumina trihydrate (ATH) provides resistance to tracking and erosion. Plate-shaped samples are made of high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV).
作为本发明的技术方案：将泄露电流分为导电电流、干带电弧放电电流和电晕放电电流三个分量。根据这些电流分量分别计算出各自的累积电荷。此外，使用电子能谱法对复合绝缘子表面进行化学分析(ESCA)。，然后对键合条件进行评估。As a technical solution of the present invention: the leakage current is divided into three components: conductive current, dry band arc discharge current and corona discharge current. The respective accumulated charges are calculated based on these current components. In addition, electron energy spectroscopy was used to conduct chemical analysis (ESCA) of the composite insulator surface. , and then evaluate the bonding conditions.
作为本发明的技术方案：所述步骤4)中，泄漏电流由频率为60hz的正弦波和若干主脉冲宽度为几十ns和几ms的脉冲分量组成，对于脉冲宽度为几ms的电流脉冲，泄漏电流迅速变大。脉宽较长的电流脉冲是在较长距离上桥接的干带电弧放电。短时间电流脉冲是局部分布的电晕放电，其中电晕放电产生的电荷总量小于干带电弧放电产生的电荷总量。As the technical solution of the present invention: in step 4), the leakage current consists of a sine wave with a frequency of 60hz and several pulse components with a main pulse width of tens of ns and a few ms. For a current pulse with a pulse width of a few ms, The leakage current becomes large rapidly. Current pulses with longer pulse widths are dry-strip arc discharges bridged over longer distances. The short current pulse is a locally distributed corona discharge, in which the total amount of charge generated by the corona discharge is smaller than the total amount of charge generated by the dry band arc discharge.
作为本发明的技术方案：所述步骤1)中，在盐雾老化试验中，一般可以观察到两种放电现象以评价材料的绝缘性能。其中一种是发生在水滴之间的电晕(partial)放电，其中硅橡胶的Si-C键被光子能量破坏，因为电晕放电产生的光子能量大于Si-C键的能量。因此，可以用憎水表面上的电晕放电活度来定义绝缘表面状况。另一种是发生在高分子材料表面干带之间的干带电弧放电。干带电弧放电电流的半宽度约为15ms，可能引起跟踪和侵蚀现象，其累积电荷比电晕放电大得多。As a technical solution of the present invention: in step 1), in the salt spray aging test, two discharge phenomena can generally be observed to evaluate the insulation performance of the material. One is the corona (partial) discharge that occurs between water droplets, in which the Si-C bonds of silicone rubber are destroyed by photon energy, because the photon energy generated by the corona discharge is greater than the energy of the Si-C bond. Therefore, the corona discharge activity on a hydrophobic surface can be used to define the insulating surface condition. The other is dry zone arc discharge that occurs between dry zones on the surface of polymer materials. The half-width of dry band arc discharge current is about 15ms, which may cause tracking and erosion phenomena, and its accumulated charge is much larger than that of corona discharge.
本发明的有益效果是：1)形成一种新型泄漏电流分离技术，电晕放电成分与泄漏电流的分离通过快速傅立叶变换(FFT)进行。基于实验定义的放电类型，将泄漏电流分为三个组成部分，例如在复合绝缘子材料上的水膜中流动的导电电流，电晕放电电流和干带电弧放电电流。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) A new leakage current separation technology is formed, and the separation of corona discharge components and leakage current is carried out through fast Fourier transform (FFT). The leakage current is divided into three components based on experimentally defined discharge types, such as the conductive current flowing in the water film on the composite insulator material, the corona discharge current and the dry band arc discharge current.
2)为憎水性能暂时恶化后恢复的电特性进行充分的阐明并建立评价指标和诊断方法。2) Fully elucidate the electrical characteristics that recover after temporary deterioration of hydrophobic properties and establish evaluation indicators and diagnostic methods.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明中泄漏电流分离程序流程图；Figure 1 is a flow chart of the leakage current separation procedure in the present invention;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
如图1所示，一种新型泄漏电流分离技术，包括As shown in Figure 1, a new leakage current separation technology includes
1)泄漏电流，监测泄漏电流具有在线评估的优点。泄漏电流提供了受污染绝缘子上污染程度的信息，关注盐雾老化试验中获得的放电光发射与泄漏电流之间的关系。利用分光镜、光倍增器和静止相机对两种放电带来的光发射进行了观察，随后对其特性进行评价，并与泄漏电流进行了比较。1) Leakage current. Monitoring leakage current has the advantage of online evaluation. Leakage current provides information on the extent of contamination on contaminated insulators, focusing on the relationship between discharge light emission and leakage current obtained in salt spray aging tests. The light emission from both discharges was observed using a spectroscope, a light multiplier and a stationary camera, and then its characteristics were evaluated and compared with the leakage current.
2)分离技术，电晕放电成分与泄漏电流的分离通过快速傅立叶变换(FFT)进行。基于实验定义的放电类型，将泄漏电流分为三个组成部分，例如在复合绝缘子材料上的水膜中流动的导电电流，电晕放电电流和干带电弧放电电流。最后，利用电子能谱法对复合绝缘子表面进行化学分析(ESCA)。然后对复合绝缘子成分的变化进行评估。2) Separation technology, the separation of corona discharge components and leakage current is performed by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The leakage current is divided into three components based on experimentally defined discharge types, such as the conductive current flowing in the water film on the composite insulator material, the corona discharge current and the dry band arc discharge current. Finally, electron energy spectroscopy was used to perform chemical analysis (ESCA) on the surface of the composite insulator. The changes in composite insulator composition are then evaluated.
需要说明的是：泄漏电流由频率为60hz的正弦波和若干主脉冲宽度为几十ns和几ms的脉冲分量组成，对于脉冲宽度为几ms的电流脉冲，泄漏电流迅速变大。脉宽较长的电流脉冲是在较长距离上桥接的干带电弧放电。短时间电流脉冲是局部分布的电晕放电，其中电晕放电产生的电荷总量小于干带电弧放电产生的电荷总量。It should be noted that the leakage current consists of a sine wave with a frequency of 60hz and several pulse components with main pulse widths of tens of ns and several ms. For current pulses with a pulse width of several ms, the leakage current quickly becomes larger. Current pulses with longer pulse widths are dry-strip arc discharges bridged over longer distances. The short current pulse is a locally distributed corona discharge, in which the total amount of charge generated by the corona discharge is smaller than the total amount of charge generated by the dry band arc discharge.
一种复合绝缘子表面绝缘性能评价方法，所述复合绝缘子表面绝缘性能评价方法包括：A method for evaluating the surface insulation performance of a composite insulator. The method for evaluating the surface insulation performance of a composite insulator includes:
第一、盐雾老化试验，盐雾老化试验在1*1*1m3的丙烯酸室中进行。使用形状不同的两种硅橡胶作为绝缘体样品。First, the salt spray aging test. The salt spray aging test is conducted in a 1*1* 1m3 acrylic chamber. Two types of silicone rubber with different shapes were used as insulator samples.
使用形状不同的两种硅橡胶，其中之一是直径为30mm、长度为250mm的棒状硅橡胶。另一个是厚度为2mm的板状硅橡胶，其横截面积为80*80mm2。此外，使用棒状橡胶、填料不同的两种橡胶。其中一个是以三水合氧化铝(ATH)和SiO为填料的高温硫化硅橡胶(HTV)。ATH的含量为50％。另一个是室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV)，填料仅为SiO。硅橡胶中的SiO起到增强性能的作用，三水合氧化铝(ATH)提供抗跟踪和侵蚀。板形样品则采用高温硫化硅橡胶(HTV)。Two types of silicone rubber with different shapes are used, one of which is a rod-shaped silicone rubber with a diameter of 30mm and a length of 250mm. The other is a plate-shaped silicone rubber with a thickness of 2mm and a cross-sectional area of 80*80mm 2 . In addition, rod-shaped rubber and two types of rubber with different fillers are used. One of them is high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV) with alumina trihydrate (ATH) and SiO as fillers. The content of ATH is 50%. The other is room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV) with only SiO as filler. SiO in the silicone rubber acts as a performance enhancer, and alumina trihydrate (ATH) provides resistance to tracking and erosion. Plate-shaped samples are made of high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV).
表1为盐雾老化试验的实验条件。盐雾流速为0.9l/h，水电导率为800μS/cm。施加电压为15kV，频率为60Hz，平均电场为60V/mm。一个老化周期包括8h的盐雾老化期和16h的干燥期两个操作，然后设定500h的总老化试验时间，每15分钟测量一次泄露电流，并将泄露电流分为导电电流、干带电弧放电电流和电晕放电电流三个分量。Table 1 shows the experimental conditions of the salt spray aging test. The salt spray flow rate is 0.9l/h, and the water conductivity is 800μS/cm. The applied voltage is 15kV, the frequency is 60Hz, and the average electric field is 60V/mm. An aging cycle includes two operations: a salt spray aging period of 8 hours and a drying period of 16 hours. Then the total aging test time is set to 500 hours. The leakage current is measured every 15 minutes, and the leakage current is divided into conductive current and dry band arc discharge. There are three components of current and corona discharge current.
表1盐雾老化试验中的试验条件Table 1 Test conditions in salt spray aging test
在盐雾老化试验中，一般可以观察到两种放电现象以评价材料的绝缘性能。其中一种是发生在水滴之间的电晕(partial)放电，其中硅橡胶的Si-C键被光子能量破坏，因为电晕放电产生的光子能量大于Si-C键的能量。因此，可以用憎水表面上的电晕放电活度来定义绝缘表面状况。另一种是发生在高分子材料表面干带之间的干带电弧放电。干带电弧放电电流的半宽度约为15ms，可能引起跟踪和侵蚀现象，其累积电荷比电晕放电大得多。In the salt spray aging test, two discharge phenomena can generally be observed to evaluate the insulation performance of the material. One is the corona (partial) discharge that occurs between water droplets, in which the Si-C bonds of silicone rubber are destroyed by photon energy, because the photon energy generated by the corona discharge is greater than the energy of the Si-C bond. Therefore, the corona discharge activity on a hydrophobic surface can be used to define the insulating surface condition. The other is dry zone arc discharge that occurs between dry zones on the surface of polymer materials. The half-width of dry band arc discharge current is about 15ms, which may cause tracking and erosion phenomena, and its accumulated charge is much larger than that of corona discharge.
第二、利用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)实现电晕放电分量与泄漏电流的分离。根据FFT分析，电晕放电的频率范围在5khz以上，而导电电弧放电电流和干带电弧放电电流的频率范围在2kHz以下。然后，将2.5kHz以上的电流分量定义为电晕放电产生的电流分量。Second, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to separate the corona discharge component and leakage current. According to FFT analysis, the frequency range of corona discharge is above 5khz, while the frequency range of conductive arc discharge current and dry band arc discharge current is below 2kHz. Then, the current component above 2.5kHz is defined as the current component generated by corona discharge.
第三、干带电弧放电的起始是通过差分技术确定的，其中泄漏电流的大变化率作为指标。此外，我们假设导电电流为泄漏电流与电晕放电电流之差加上干带电弧放电电流。Third, the onset of dry-band arc discharge is determined by differential techniques, in which the large rate of change of leakage current is used as an indicator. Furthermore, we assume that the conductive current is the difference between the leakage current and the corona discharge current plus the dry band arc discharge current.
第四、在盐雾试验期间和试验结束后，使用静止相机观察放电现象的光发射。为了测量放电发射的光谱分布，将分光镜(SPM)与门控式CCD相机连接。将光倍增器(PM)的输出输入示波器，并在个人计算机上进行分析。在光倍增器的观测中，使用了蓝色和红色滤光片来测量电晕和干带电弧放电。用Na滤波器观察了干带电弧放电的光谱。Fourth, during and after the salt spray test, a stationary camera was used to observe the light emission of the discharge phenomenon. In order to measure the spectral distribution of the discharge emission, a spectroscope (SPM) was connected to a gated CCD camera. The output of the photomultiplier (PM) was input into an oscilloscope and analyzed on a personal computer. In the photomultiplier observations, blue and red filters were used to measure corona and dry band arc discharges. The spectrum of dry band arc discharge was observed using Na filter.
在这其中，CCD相机可将光信号增强约104倍，门限时间可在5ns—1s范围内变化。光倍增器为侧窗型，光谱灵敏度在300—800nm之间。Among them, the CCD camera can enhance the optical signal by about 10 4 times, and the threshold time can be changed in the range of 5ns-1s. The photomultiplier is a side window type with a spectral sensitivity between 300-800nm.
第五、经过盐雾老化试验，利用ESCA分析Si的光电子能谱。观察原始RTV、暴露的RTV和暴露的HTV的Si的光电子能谱。Fifth, after the salt spray aging test, use ESCA to analyze the photoelectron spectrum of Si. The photoelectron spectra of Si for pristine RTV, exposed RTV and exposed HTV were observed.
实施例一Embodiment 1
本实施例是以宜昌运维部分所辖500KV线路耐张塔复合绝缘子泄漏电流检测情况为例。This embodiment takes the leakage current detection situation of the composite insulators of the 500KV line tension tower under the jurisdiction of the Yichang operation and maintenance department as an example.
本实施例将分光镜(SPM)与门控式CCD相机连接。CCD相机可将光信号增强约104倍，门限时间可在5ns—1s范围内变化。将光倍增器(PM)的输出输入示波器，光倍增器为侧窗型，光谱灵敏度在300—800nm之间。在光倍增器的观测中，使用蓝色和红色滤光片来测量电晕和干带电弧放电。用Na滤波器观察干带电弧放电的光谱。In this embodiment, a spectroscope (SPM) is connected to a gated CCD camera. The CCD camera can enhance the light signal by about 10 4 times, and the threshold time can be changed in the range of 5ns-1s. Input the output of the photomultiplier (PM) into the oscilloscope. The photomultiplier is a side-window type with a spectral sensitivity between 300-800nm. In photomultiplier observations, blue and red filters are used to measure corona and dry band arc discharges. Use a Na filter to observe the spectrum of dry band arc discharge.
步骤一：设定实验条件，盐雾流速为0.9l/h，水电导率为800μS/cm。施加电压为15kV，频率为60Hz，平均电场为60V/mm。一个老化周期包括8h的盐雾老化期和16h的干燥期两个操作，然后设定500h的总老化试验时间，每15分钟测量一次泄露电流。Step 1: Set the experimental conditions, the salt spray flow rate is 0.9l/h, and the water conductivity is 800μS/cm. The applied voltage is 15kV, the frequency is 60Hz, and the average electric field is 60V/mm. An aging cycle includes two operations: a salt spray aging period of 8 hours and a drying period of 16 hours. Then the total aging test time is set to 500 hours, and the leakage current is measured every 15 minutes.
步骤二：利用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)实现电晕放电分量与泄漏电流的分离。根据FFT分析，电晕放电的频率范围在5khz以上，而导电电弧放电电流和干带电弧放电电流的频率范围在2kHz以下。然后，将2.5kHz以上的电流分量定义为电晕放电产生的电流分量。Step 2: Use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to separate the corona discharge component and leakage current. According to FFT analysis, the frequency range of corona discharge is above 5khz, while the frequency range of conductive arc discharge current and dry band arc discharge current is below 2kHz. Then, the current component above 2.5kHz is defined as the current component generated by corona discharge.
步骤三：图1显示了分离程序的流程图。首先读取泄露电流数据，然后计算总电荷Qt并进行FFT分析。通过数字高通滤波器分离2.5kHz以上的电晕放电分量，得到电晕放电电荷Qp和Qa。使用差分技术确定每个电流分量是否由干带电弧放电引起。在电流分量不包括干带电弧放电的情况下，计算导电电流。在电流分量包含干带电弧放电的情况下，得到电荷Qd和导电电荷Qc。最后，计算每个累积电荷。以上计算过程自动重复，直至老化试验结束。Step 3: Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the separation procedure. First read the leakage current data, then calculate the total charge Qt and perform FFT analysis. The corona discharge components above 2.5kHz are separated by a digital high-pass filter to obtain the corona discharge charges Qp and Qa. Use differential techniques to determine whether each current component is caused by a dry-strip arc discharge. The conductive current is calculated in the case where the current component does not include dry strip arc discharge. In the case where the current component contains dry band arc discharge, charge Qd and conductive charge Qc are obtained. Finally, each accumulated charge is calculated. The above calculation process is automatically repeated until the aging test is completed.
步骤四：在盐雾试验期间和试验结束后，使用静止相机观察放电现象的光发射。Step 4: During and after the salt spray test, use a still camera to observe the light emission of the discharge phenomenon.
步骤五：盐雾老化500h后，用ESCA分析硅的光电子能谱。Step 5: After salt spray aging for 500 hours, use ESCA to analyze the photoelectron spectrum of the silicon.
步骤六：将观测到的光谱分为4个光谱分量，分别为Si(-O)1，Si(-O)2,Si(-O)3和Si(-O)4。硅橡胶的主要成分Si(-O)2基团减少，而Si(-O)3和Si(-O)4基团增加。即PDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷，Si(-O)2)变成Si(-O)3和Si(-O)4。HTV样品中SiO3和SiO4的组分比例分别约为23％和17％。Step 6: Divide the observed spectrum into 4 spectral components, namely Si(-O) 1, Si(-O) 2 , Si(-O) 3 and Si(-O) 4 . The main component of silicone rubber, the Si(-O) 2 group decreases, while the Si(-O) 3 and Si(-O) 4 groups increase. That is, PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane, Si(-O) 2 ) becomes Si(-O) 3 and Si(-O) 4 . The component proportions of SiO3 and SiO4 in the HTV sample are approximately 23% and 17%, respectively.
而在RTV样品中，SiO3减少，SiO4增加。这些SiO3到SiO4组分的变化是由盐雾老化试验中水滴之间的电晕放电或试样表面加热的干带电弧放电引起的。组分的变化也表明Si和CH之间的键被破坏。涉及Si(-O)4的键没有甲基(CH3)，只是与O形成双键，促进了较低的憎水性并在表面形成水膜。如上所述，RTV的绝缘性能低于HTV。因此，时效条件越严重，形成的Si(-O)4基团越多。因此，材料表面污染的增加导致憎水性的降低，从而促进了电晕放电的发生。电晕放电进一步降低了憎水性能，增大了泄漏电流。泄漏电流的增大促进了干带电弧放电的发生，促进了表面劣化。While in the RTV sample, SiO 3 decreased and SiO 4 increased. These changes in SiO 3 to SiO 4 composition are caused by corona discharge between water droplets in salt spray aging tests or dry strip arc discharge by heating of the specimen surface. The change in composition also indicates that the bond between Si and CH is broken. The bond involving Si(-O) 4 has no methyl group ( CH3 ) and simply forms a double bond with O, promoting lower hydrophobicity and forming a water film on the surface. As mentioned above, RTV has lower insulation properties than HTV. Therefore, the more severe the aging conditions, the more Si(-O) 4 groups are formed. Therefore, the increase in material surface contamination leads to a decrease in hydrophobicity, thereby promoting the occurrence of corona discharge. Corona discharge further reduces the hydrophobic properties and increases leakage current. The increase in leakage current promotes the occurrence of dry-band arc discharge and surface degradation.
通过我们提出的差分技术可以清楚地分离出包括干带电弧放电在内的泄漏电流。导电电荷、干带电弧和电晕电荷分别占总累积电荷的70％、20％和10％左右。并通过实施例得知与RTV相比，添加ATH的HTV硅橡胶能更好地保持其绝缘性能。Leakage currents including dry band arc discharge can be clearly separated by our proposed differential technique. Conductive charge, dry band arc and corona charge account for about 70%, 20% and 10% of the total accumulated charge respectively. And it is known from the examples that compared with RTV, HTV silicone rubber added with ATH can better maintain its insulation performance.
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is therefore intended that all claims falling within the claims All changes within the meaning and scope of equivalent elements are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the claim in question.
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementations, not each implementation only contains an independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole. , the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
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