CN109856088B - Online non-contact detection method for sand attaching density on surface of insulator - Google Patents

Online non-contact detection method for sand attaching density on surface of insulator Download PDF

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CN109856088B
CN109856088B CN201910071478.6A CN201910071478A CN109856088B CN 109856088 B CN109856088 B CN 109856088B CN 201910071478 A CN201910071478 A CN 201910071478A CN 109856088 B CN109856088 B CN 109856088B
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sand
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insulator
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吴广宁
张晓青
张血琴
郭裕钧
邱彦
马欢
高润明
李宇
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention discloses an online non-contact detection method for the sand attaching density on the surface of an insulator, which comprises the steps of firstly establishing a sand attaching density detection model according to hyperspectral images of insulating sheets with different sand attaching densities, and then acquiring a hyperspectral image of the insulator to be detected; and then obtaining the surface sand-attaching density of the insulator by using the sand-attaching density detection model. The method can continuously detect the density of the sand accumulated on the surface of the insulator in the power transmission line on line, does not influence the normal power transmission and distribution of a power system, is simple and convenient to operate, can detect the local maximum value on the surface of the insulator, and can more accurately evaluate and analyze the influence of the sand attached state on the insulating property of the insulator, thereby providing more reliable test basis for the insulation design and maintenance of the insulator.

Description

Online non-contact detection method for sand attaching density on surface of insulator
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting the sand attaching density on the surface of an insulator.
Background
Sandstorms are a disastrous weather that often occurs in arid and semi-arid regions. In China, the weather of blowing sand (sand storm) by strong wind often occurs in the northwest sand source area, and the sand dust naturally settles after the wind stops. Meanwhile, fine sand particles can be transmitted to a plurality of provinces such as southern Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai in a long distance through high altitude. Under the humid condition, the sand dust is easy to adhere to the surface of the insulator in the power transmission and distribution system to form attached sand. The research shows that: the insulation performance (flashover voltage) of the insulator with sand attached to the surface is reduced by 15.1% under a certain humidity condition. Therefore, the frequent occurrence of sand storm puts higher requirements on the insulation design and maintenance of the power transmission line. Therefore, the power system needs to grasp the sand-attached density (the quality of the sand and dust attached to the unit area) of the insulator in time so as to formulate a targeted cleaning scheme, thereby ensuring the safety of power supply and saving manpower and material resources.
The existing method for detecting the sand attaching density on the surface of the insulator is to take down the insulator, clean the sand attaching on the surface of the umbrella skirt of the insulator in a laboratory, weigh the mass of the cleaned sand attaching, and divide the mass by the area of the upper surface of the umbrella skirt to obtain the sand attaching density on the surface of the insulator. The problems with this approach are: 1. the insulator is required to be disassembled, cleaned and weighed, the operation is complex, the links are multiple, and deviation is easy to generate in the operation process. 2. The normal power transmission and distribution of the power system are seriously affected by the on-site power failure operation, so that the implementation is difficult. 3. The local maximum value of the sand dust on the surface of the insulator cannot be reflected, so that the influence of the current sand attaching state on the insulation performance of the insulator cannot be accurately evaluated and analyzed, and a reliable sand attaching state test basis cannot be provided for the maintenance of the insulator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-contact detection method for the sand attaching density on the surface of an insulator, which can detect the sand attaching density on the surface of the insulator in a power transmission line on line without power failure, does not influence the normal power transmission and distribution of a power system, is simple and convenient to operate, can detect the local maximum value on the surface of the insulator, can more accurately evaluate and analyze the influence of the sand attaching state on the insulating property of the insulator, and can provide more reliable test basis for the insulating design and maintenance of the insulator.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the aim is that the online non-contact detection method for the sand attaching density on the surface of the insulator comprises the following steps:
A. acquisition of hyperspectral line of known sand-attached density insulating sheet
I sheet-shaped insulation sheets I are manufactured by using the same material of the insulator, and sand and dust are uniformly adhered to the insulation sheets I, so that the sand adhering density of the insulation sheets I is Si; shooting the insulating sheet i by a hyperspectral imager to obtain a hyperspectral image X of the attached sand density Si "i，X”i＝[x”i,1,x”i,2,…,x”i,n,…,x”i,N](ii) a Wherein, I is the serial number of the insulating sheet, I is 1,2,3 … … I, I is the number of the insulating sheets and the value thereof is 10-500, N is 1,2,3 … … N, N is the total number of the wave bands of the hyperspectral line and the value thereof is 64-256; x'i,nHyperspectral image X' for Sand Density Si "iReflectivity at the nth band;
hyperspectral image X of attached sand density Si "iPerforming black-white correction, multivariate scattering correction and smooth denoising to obtain a hyperspectral spectral line X of the sand-attached density Sii,Xi＝[xi,1，xi,2，xi,3，…，xi,n，…，xi,N]；xi,nThe reflectivity under the nth wave band in the hyperspectral line of the sand-attached density Si;
B. establishment and solution of parameter model
Establishing a parameter detection model of the sand attaching density,
S＝a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+…anxn…+aNxN
wherein S is the sand-attached density, x, output by the parameter detection modelnIs the model reflectivity at the nth band of the parameter detection model, anIs a model proportion parameter under the nth wave band of the parameter detection model;
assigning the sand attaching density Si of each insulating sheet i to the sand attaching density S output by the parameter detection model, and simultaneously assigning the reflectivity x of the high spectral line Xi corresponding to the sand attaching density Si under the nth wave bandi,nModel reflectivity x under nth wave band substituted into parameter detection modeln(ii) a Then solving by a partial least squares regression method to obtain a model proportion parameter a of the parameter detection model under the nth wave bandnValue A ofnSo as to obtain the solved parameter detection model of the sand attaching density:
S＝A1x1+A2x2+A3x3+…Anxn…+ANxN
C. insulator sand-attached density on-line non-contact detection
Shooting the insulator to be detected in operation on the power transmission and distribution line by using a hyperspectral imager to obtain a hyperspectral image of the insulator to be detected, and performing black-and-white correction, multivariate scattering correction and smoothing on the whole hyperspectral image or a selected area of the hyperspectral image of the insulator to be detectedMaking a noise to obtain a hyperspectral spectral line X of the whole or the region of the insulator to be detected0,X0＝[x0,1,x0,2,x0,3,…,x0,n,…,x0,N]；
The high spectral line X of the insulator to be measured0Reflectivity x in the nth band0，nModel reflectivity x as the nth bandnInputting the solved parameter detection model of sand-attached density (S ═ A)1x1+A2x2+A3x3+…Anxn…+ANxNI.e. S0＝A1x0,1+A2x0,2+A3x0,3+…Anx0,n…+ANx0,N(ii) a Sand-attached density S output by parameter detection model0I.e. the sand-attached density S of the whole or selected area of the insulator to be tested0。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, carrying out non-contact shooting on an insulator to be detected running on a power transmission and distribution line by using a hyperspectral imager, and then completing the detection of the sand-attached density of the insulator to be detected; the insulator does not need to be disassembled, cleaned, weighed and the like; the method is simple, rapid and convenient to operate, avoids deviation generated in a complex manual operation process, and is good in test result consistency. Meanwhile, power failure operation is not needed during detection, normal power transmission and distribution of the power system cannot be affected, and implementation is facilitated.
And secondly, the detection (shooting) area can be randomly selected and defined, so that the average sand attaching density of the surface of the umbrella skirt of the insulator can be measured, the local sand attaching density of the surface of the insulator can also be measured in a partitioning manner, and the local maximum sand attaching density of the surface of the insulator can be obtained, thereby more accurately evaluating and analyzing the influence of the sand attaching state on the insulating property of the insulator and providing more reliable test basis for the insulating design and maintenance of the insulator.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps of performing black and white correction on the hyperspectral image with sand density Si: alignment of standards with hyperspectral imagerThe white board is shot to obtain a reflection image W of the standard white board, wherein W is [ W ]1,w2,w3,…,wn,…,wN]Wherein w isnThe reflection rate of the standard white board is the reflection rate of the standard white board in the nth wave band, the reflection image D of the standard white board is obtained by shooting the standard white board by a hyperspectral imager, and D is [ D ═ D [1,d2,d3,…,dn,…,dN]，dnThe reflectivity of the reflection image of the standard blackboard under the nth wave band is obtained; high spectral image X combined with sand-attached density Si "i，X”i＝[x”i,1,x”i,2,…,x”i,n,…,x”i,N]Obtaining a corrected hyperspectral image X 'of the sand attached density Si from the following formula'i，
Figure BDA0001957428100000031
Wherein, x'inAnd the reflectivity of the corrected hyperspectral image with the sand attaching density Si at the nth wave band is obtained.
Therefore, the hyperspectral spectral line after black and white correction eliminates the influence of light intensity, so that the test is suitable for various intensity light conditions, and the accuracy and precision of the detection are further improved.
Further, the multiple scattering correction of the present invention is embodied by:
corrected hyperspectral image X 'from sand attached density Si'i＝[x’i,1,x’i,2,x’i,3,…,x’i,n,…,x’i,N]Calculating an average hyperspectral image
Figure BDA0001957428100000041
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00019574281000000412
for averaging hyperspectral images
Figure BDA00019574281000000411
The average reflectivity at the nth wavelength band in (b),
Figure BDA0001957428100000043
represents the cumulative sum from the I-1 term to the I-I term;
corrected hyperspectral image X 'of sand-attached density Si'iAnd averaging the hyperspectral images
Figure BDA0001957428100000044
Performing unary linear regression to obtain a corrected hyperspectral image X 'of the attached sand density Si'iAnd averaging the hyperspectral images
Figure BDA0001957428100000045
The linear regression relation of (a) to (b),
Figure BDA0001957428100000046
in the formula miAnd biThe relative offset coefficient and the translation amount of the linear regression are respectively; further obtaining a multi-element scattering correction spectrum of the sand-attached density Si
Figure BDA0001957428100000047
Figure BDA0001957428100000048
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001957428100000049
multivariate scatter correction spectra for sand-attached density Si
Figure BDA00019574281000000410
The multiple scattering at the nth wavelength band corrects the reflectivity.
The multivariate scattering correction eliminates the influence of light scattering generated by surface material particles with different sizes on a hyperspectral spectral line, and further improves the detection accuracy.
Furthermore, the specific method for smoothing and denoising is wavelet denoising, Savitzky-Golay smoothing filtering, differential transformation or logarithmic transformation.
Therefore, the high spectral line is smoother, instrument dark current and other random interference are eliminated, and the detection accuracy is further improved.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Examples
The invention relates to an online non-contact detection method for the sand attaching density on the surface of an insulator, which comprises the following steps:
A. acquisition of hyperspectral line of known sand-attached density insulating sheet
I sheet-shaped insulation sheets I are manufactured by using the same material of the insulator, and sand and dust are uniformly adhered to the insulation sheets I, so that the sand adhering density of the insulation sheets I is Si; shooting the insulating sheet i by a hyperspectral imager to obtain a hyperspectral image X of the attached sand density Si "i，X”i＝[x”i,1,x”i,2,…,x”i,n,…,x”i,N](ii) a Wherein, I is the serial number of the insulating sheet, I is 1,2,3 … … I, I is the number of the insulating sheets and the value thereof is 10-500, N is 1,2,3 … … N, N is the total number of the wave bands of the hyperspectral line and the value thereof is 64-256; x'i,nHyperspectral image X' for Sand Density Si "iReflectivity at the nth band;
hyperspectral image X of attached sand density Si "iPerforming black-white correction, multivariate scattering correction and smooth denoising to obtain a hyperspectral spectral line X of the sand-attached density Sii,Xi＝[xi,1，xi,2，xi,3，…，xi,n，…，xi,N]；xi,nThe reflectivity under the nth wave band in the hyperspectral line of the sand-attached density Si;
B. establishment and solution of parameter model
Establishing a parameter detection model of the sand attaching density,
S＝a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+…anxn…+aNxN
wherein S is the sand-attached density, x, output by the parameter detection modelnIs a parameter detection modelA model reflectivity at the nth wavelength band ofnIs a model proportion parameter under the nth wave band of the parameter detection model;
assigning the sand attaching density Si of each insulating sheet i to the sand attaching density S output by the parameter detection model, and simultaneously assigning the reflectivity x of the high spectral line Xi corresponding to the sand attaching density Si under the nth wave bandi,nModel reflectivity x under nth wave band substituted into parameter detection modeln(ii) a Then solving by a partial least squares regression method to obtain a model proportion parameter a of the parameter detection model under the nth wave bandnValue A ofnSo as to obtain the solved parameter detection model of the sand attaching density:
S＝A1x1+A2x2+A3x3+…Anxn…+ANxN
C. insulator sand-attached density on-line non-contact detection
Shooting an insulator to be detected running on a power transmission and distribution line by using a hyperspectral imager to obtain a hyperspectral image of the insulator to be detected, performing black-and-white correction, multivariate scattering correction and smooth denoising on the whole or a selected area of the hyperspectral image of the insulator to be detected to obtain a hyperspectral spectral line X of the whole or the area of the insulator to be detected0,X0＝[x0,1,x0,2,x0,3,…,x0,n,…,x0,N]；
The high spectral line X of the insulator to be measured0Reflectivity x in the nth band0，nModel reflectivity x as the nth bandnInputting the solved parameter detection model of sand-attached density (S ═ A)1x1+A2x2+A3x3+…Anxn…+ANxNI.e. S0＝A1x0,1+A2x0,2+A3x0,3+…Anx0,n…+ANx0,N(ii) a Sand-attached density S output by parameter detection model0I.e. the sand-attached density S of the whole or selected area of the insulator to be tested0。
The specific method for performing black-and-white correction on the hyperspectral image with sand attached density Si in the embodiment is as follows: shooting the standard white board by a hyperspectral imager to obtain a reflection image W of the standard white board, wherein W is [ W ═ W [ [ W ]1,w2,w3,…,wn,…,wN]Wherein w isnThe reflection rate of the standard white board is the reflection rate of the standard white board in the nth wave band, the reflection image D of the standard white board is obtained by shooting the standard white board by a hyperspectral imager, and D is [ D ═ D [1,d2,d3,…,dn,…,dN]，dnThe reflectivity of the reflection image of the standard blackboard under the nth wave band is obtained; high spectral image X combined with sand-attached density Si "i，X”i＝[x”i,1,x”i,2,…,x”i,n,…,x”i,N]Obtaining a corrected hyperspectral image X 'of the sand attached density Si from the following formula'i，
Figure BDA0001957428100000061
Wherein, x'inAnd the reflectivity of the corrected hyperspectral image with the sand attaching density Si at the nth wave band is obtained.
The method for correcting the multiple scattering in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
corrected hyperspectral image X 'from sand attached density Si'i＝[x’i,1,x’i,2,x’i,3,…,x’i,n,…,x’i,N]Calculating an average hyperspectral image
Figure BDA0001957428100000062
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001957428100000063
for averaging hyperspectral images
Figure BDA0001957428100000064
The average reflectivity at the nth wavelength band in (b),
Figure BDA0001957428100000065
represents the cumulative sum from the I-1 term to the I-I term;
corrected hyperspectral image X 'of sand-attached density Si'iAnd averaging the hyperspectral images
Figure BDA0001957428100000066
Performing unary linear regression to obtain a corrected hyperspectral image X 'of the attached sand density Si'iAnd averaging the hyperspectral images
Figure BDA0001957428100000067
The linear regression relation of (a) to (b),
Figure BDA0001957428100000068
in the formula miAnd biThe relative offset coefficient and the translation amount of the linear regression are respectively; further obtaining a multi-element scattering correction spectrum of the sand-attached density Si
Figure BDA0001957428100000069
Figure BDA00019574281000000612
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00019574281000000610
multivariate scatter correction spectra for sand-attached density Si
Figure BDA00019574281000000611
The multiple scattering at the nth wavelength band corrects the reflectivity.
The specific method of the smooth denoising of the invention can be the existing smooth denoising methods such as wavelet denoising, Savitzky-Golay smooth filtering, differential transformation or logarithmic transformation, and the like.
The following table shows the results of the test performed on six insulators by the test method of this example and the conventional cleaning and weighing method (when testing, the number I of the insulating sheets is 30, and the total number N of the bands of the hyperspectral spectrum is 256).
Figure BDA0001957428100000071
The comparative detection results in the table show that compared with the existing sweeping weighing method, the error of the method is within 10 percent; the online non-contact detection of the sand attaching density on the surface of the insulator can be realized, and the accuracy is higher; the method of the invention greatly simplifies the operation flow, avoids the serious influence on the normal power transmission and distribution of the power system, is convenient to implement and has excellent popularization and use values.

Claims (4)

1. An online non-contact detection method for the sand attaching density on the surface of an insulator comprises the following steps:
A. acquisition of hyperspectral line of known sand-attached density insulating sheet
I sheet-shaped insulation sheets I are manufactured by using the same material of the insulator, and sand and dust are uniformly adhered to the insulation sheets I, so that the sand adhering density of the insulation sheets I is Si; shooting the insulating sheet i by a hyperspectral imager to obtain a hyperspectral image X of the attached sand density Si "i，X”i＝[x”i,1,x”i,2,…,x”i,n,…,x”i,N](ii) a Wherein, I is the serial number of the insulating sheet, I is 1,2,3 … … I, I is the number of the insulating sheets and the value thereof is 10-500, N is 1,2,3 … … N, N is the total number of the wave bands of the hyperspectral line and the value thereof is 64-256; x'i,nHyperspectral image X' for Sand Density Si "iReflectivity at the nth band;
hyperspectral image X of attached sand density Si "iPerforming black-white correction, multivariate scattering correction and smooth denoising to obtain a hyperspectral spectral line X of the sand-attached density Sii,Xi＝[xi,1，xi,2，xi,3，…，xi,n，…，xi,N]；xi,nThe reflectivity under the nth wave band in the hyperspectral line of the sand-attached density Si;
B. establishment and solution of parameter model
Establishing a parameter detection model of the sand attaching density,
S＝a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+…anxn…+aNxN
wherein S is the sand-attached density, x, output by the parameter detection modelnIs the model reflectivity at the nth band of the parameter detection model, anIs a model proportion parameter under the nth wave band of the parameter detection model;
assigning the sand attaching density Si of each insulating sheet i to the sand attaching density S output by the parameter detection model, and simultaneously assigning the reflectivity x of the high spectral line Xi corresponding to the sand attaching density Si under the nth wave bandi,nModel reflectivity x under nth wave band substituted into parameter detection modeln(ii) a Then solving by a partial least squares regression method to obtain a model proportion parameter a of the parameter detection model under the nth wave bandnValue A ofnSo as to obtain the solved parameter detection model of the sand attaching density:
S＝A1x1+A2x2+A3x3+…Anxn…+ANxN
C. insulator sand-attached density on-line non-contact detection
Shooting an insulator to be detected running on a power transmission and distribution line by using a hyperspectral imager to obtain a hyperspectral image of the insulator to be detected, performing black-and-white correction, multivariate scattering correction and smooth denoising on the whole or a selected area of the hyperspectral image of the insulator to be detected to obtain a hyperspectral spectral line X of the whole or the area of the insulator to be detected0,X0＝[x0,1,x0,2,x0,3,…,x0,n,…,x0,N]；
The high spectral line X of the insulator to be measured0Reflectivity x in the nth band0，nModel reflectivity x as the nth bandnInputting the solved parameter detection model of sand-attached density (S ═ A)1x1+A2x2+A3x3+…Anxn…+ANxNI.e. S0＝A1x0,1+A2x0,2+A3x0,3+…Anx0,n…+ANx0,N(ii) a Sand-attached density S output by parameter detection model0I.e. the sand-attached density S of the whole or selected area of the insulator to be tested0。
2. The on-line non-contact detection method for the sand-attached density of the surface of the insulator according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for performing black and white correction on the hyperspectral image of the sand-attached density Si is as follows: shooting the standard white board by a hyperspectral imager to obtain a reflection image W of the standard white board, wherein W is [ W ═ W [ [ W ]1,w2,w3,…,wn,…,wN]Wherein w isnThe reflection rate of the standard white board is the reflection rate of the standard white board in the nth wave band, the reflection image D of the standard white board is obtained by shooting the standard white board by a hyperspectral imager, and D is [ D ═ D [1,d2,d3,…,dn,…,dN]，dnThe reflectivity of the reflection image of the standard blackboard under the nth wave band is obtained; high spectral image X combined with sand-attached density Si "i，X”i＝[x”i,1,x”i,2,…,x”i,n,…,x”i,N]Obtaining a corrected hyperspectral image X 'of the sand attached density Si from the following formula'i，
Figure FDA0001957428090000021
Wherein, x'inAnd the reflectivity of the corrected hyperspectral image with the sand attaching density Si at the nth wave band is obtained.
3. The on-line non-contact detection method for the sand-attached density on the surface of the insulator according to claim 2, wherein the multivariate scattering correction is carried out by the following specific steps:
corrected hyperspectral image X 'from sand attached density Si'i＝[x’i,1,x’i,2,x’i,3,…,x’i,n,…,x’i,N]Calculating an average hyperspectral image
Figure FDA0001957428090000022
Figure FDA0001957428090000023
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0001957428090000024
for averaging hyperspectral images
Figure FDA0001957428090000025
The average reflectivity at the nth wavelength band in (b),
Figure FDA0001957428090000026
represents the cumulative sum from the I-1 term to the I-I term;
corrected hyperspectral image X 'of sand-attached density Si'iAnd averaging the hyperspectral images
Figure FDA0001957428090000027
Performing unary linear regression to obtain a corrected hyperspectral image X 'of the attached sand density Si'iAnd averaging the hyperspectral images
Figure FDA0001957428090000028
The linear regression relation of (a) to (b),
Figure FDA0001957428090000029
in the formula miAnd biThe relative offset coefficient and the translation amount of the linear regression are respectively; further obtaining a multi-element scattering correction spectrum of the sand-attached density Si
Figure FDA0001957428090000031
Figure FDA0001957428090000032
Figure FDA0001957428090000033
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0001957428090000034
multivariate scatter correction spectra for sand-attached density Si
Figure FDA0001957428090000035
The multiple scattering at the nth wavelength band corrects the reflectivity.
4. The method for detecting the sand-attached density on the surface of the insulator in an online and non-contact manner as claimed in claim 3, wherein the smoothing denoising specifically comprises wavelet denoising, Savitzky-Golay smoothing filtering, differential transformation or logarithmic transformation.
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