CN111965131A - Composite insulator aging evaluation method based on infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method - Google Patents
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
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- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite insulator aging evaluation method based on an infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method, which comprises the following steps: step A: obtaining surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of silicon rubber sample of composite insulator umbrella skirt3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)(ii) a And B: obtaining matrix infrared spectrum Si-O-Si, Si-CH of silicon rubber sample3Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of(ii) a And C: calculation of Si-O-Si, Si-CH3The characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degrees delta S and delta C are calculated according to the following formula:
step D: for Si-O-Si, Si-CH3The attenuation degree Delta S and Delta C of the characteristic absorption peak area are judged in a grading way to obtain the aging state of the composite insulatorDegree of attitude. The invention calculates Si-O-Si and Si-CH3The aging state degree of the composite insulator can be accurately and sensitively judged by the characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite insulator aging evaluation method, in particular to a composite insulator aging evaluation method based on an infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method.
Background
The composite insulator is used as important insulating equipment of a power transmission line, and compared with glass and porcelain insulators, the composite insulator has the advantages of strong pollution flashover resistance, light weight, high mechanical strength, easiness in transportation and the like. However, since the covalent bond bonding force for bonding the molecules in the organic material is weaker, the macromolecules constituting the organic material are easily broken. Thus, as operational life increases, the composite insulator silicone rubber material ages more than other types of insulators. The aging of the composite insulator silicone rubber material can cause the reduction of the mechanical and electrical properties of the composite insulator, and can seriously cause accidents, so the evaluation of the aging state of the composite insulator is of great significance.
Although some indexes for evaluating the aging degree of the composite insulator silicone rubber material, such as color change, hydrophobicity change and the like, are provided at present, the evaluation indexes are mainly evaluated from the change of the performance of the insulator, on one hand, certain characteristics can be observed only when the composite insulator silicone rubber material is aged to a certain degree, and the composite insulator silicone rubber material is not sensitive enough to the aging change process, is not beneficial to early evaluation of aging and cannot find potential risks in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent, and therefore provides a composite insulator aging evaluation method based on an infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method, which is used for evaluating the aging of a composite insulator by calculating Si-O-Si and Si-CH3The aging state degree of the composite insulator can be accurately and sensitively judged by the characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degree.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the composite insulator aging evaluation method based on the infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method comprises the following steps:
step A: obtainingSurface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of silicon rubber sample of composite insulator umbrella skirt3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)；
And B: obtaining the area S of the characteristic absorption peak of the matrix infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH3 of the silicon rubber sampleBase of、CBase of；
And C: calculation of Si-O-Si, Si-CH3The characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degrees delta S and delta C are calculated according to the following formula:
step D: for Si-O-Si, Si-CH3And (4) carrying out grading judgment on the attenuation degree deltaS and deltaC of the characteristic absorption peak area to obtain the aging state degree of the composite insulator.
Further, the step a comprises the following steps:
step E: cutting a silicon rubber material from the umbrella skirt of the composite insulator to be used as a silicon rubber sample, and marking the upper surface and the lower surface of the silicon rubber sample;
step G: performing Fourier spectroscopy test on the silicon rubber sample, and detecting the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)。
Further, in the step E, the size of the silicone rubber sample is 1cm × 1cm × 1cm, and the step B includes the following steps:
step H: cutting the silicon rubber sample at a position 2-3 mm away from the upper surface of the silicon rubber sample along a direction parallel to the upper surface, and selecting the rest part with the upper surface cut off as a matrix of the silicon rubber sample;
step I: performing Fourier spectroscopy test on the matrix to detect the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH3Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of。
Further, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is respectively adopted in the step A and the step B for the SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)、SBase ofAnd said CBase ofAnd (6) detecting.
Further, the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used for acquiring the characteristic absorption peak areas of Si-O-Si and Si-CH3, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step I: setting the wave number scanning range of the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to be 400cm & lt-1 & gt-4000 cm & lt-1 & gt, and the scanning frequency to be 32 Hz;
step J: collecting background information;
step K: collecting a spectrogram of a test sample;
step L: and analyzing the spectral information, and calculating the corresponding peak area.
Further, the step E and the step G include:
step F: the surface of the silicone rubber sample was wiped with a wipe of sterile cotton wetted with absolute ethanol, with no visible natural soil as a cleaning standard.
Further, in the step G, the upper and lower surfaces of the silicone rubber sample are respectively tested, and the average value is taken as the final SWatch (A)And CWatch (A)。
Further, for Si-O-Si, Si-CH3And (3) carrying out grading judgment on the attenuation degrees deltaS and deltaC of the characteristic absorption peak areas, wherein the grading standard of the aging degree is as follows: good results are obtained when the delta S is more than or equal to 75 percent and the delta C is more than or equal to 75 percent; when Delta S is more than or equal to 45 percent and less than 75 and Delta C is more than or equal to 45 percent and less than 75, the aging is normal; when the delta S is less than 45 percent and the delta C is less than 45 percent, the aging is serious.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention respectively obtains the surface infrared spectra Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)And obtaining the matrix infrared spectrum Si-O-Si, Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample3Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of(ii) a And respectively calculating the ratio of Si to O to Si to CH3Characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degree Delta S and Delta C, thereby passing through Si-O-Si and Si-CH3The characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degree delta S and delta C are judged to classify the aging state degree of the composite insulator, so that the aging state degree of the composite insulator can be accurately and sensitively judged, and potential risks can be found in time.
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The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process for cutting a silicone rubber sample and a substrate from a composite insulator shed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of quantitative analysis of absorption peak areas used in Fourier spectroscopy tests in the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100 composite insulator sheds, 200 silicone rubber samples, 300 substrates.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to the orientation description, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
The composite insulator aging evaluation method based on the infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step A: obtaining the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si, Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample 200 of the composite insulator umbrella skirt 1003Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)；
And B: obtaining the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si, Si-CH of the substrate 300 of the silicon rubber sample 2003Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of；
And C: calculation of Si-O-Si, Si-CH3The characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degrees delta S and delta C are calculated according to the following formula:
step D: for Si-O-Si, Si-CH3And (4) carrying out grading judgment on the attenuation degree deltaS and deltaC of the characteristic absorption peak area to obtain the aging state degree of the composite insulator.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention only needs a small amount of the composite insulator umbrella skirt 100 material as the silicon rubber sample 200 for detection, basically does not damage the running state of the composite insulator, and has the advantage of less sampling; in the embodiment of the invention, the surface infrared spectrums Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample 200 are respectively obtained3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)And obtaining the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si, Si-CH of the substrate 300 of the silicon rubber sample 2003Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of(ii) a And respectively calculating the ratio of Si to O to Si to CH3Characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degree Delta S and Delta C, thereby passing through Si-O-Si and Si-CH3Judging the attenuation degree deltaS and deltaC of the characteristic absorption peak area to grade the aging state degree of the composite insulator, and comprehensively considering Si-O-Si and Si-CH3The influence of the characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degrees deltaS and deltaC on the aging state degree evaluation of the composite insulator can be further accurately and sensitively judged, and the potential risk can be found in time.
Specifically, the step a includes the following steps:
step E: cutting a silicon rubber material from the composite insulator shed 100 to be used as a silicon rubber sample 200, and marking the upper surface and the lower surface of the silicon rubber sample 200;
step G: performing Fourier spectroscopy test on the silicon rubber sample 200, and detecting the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample 2003Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)。
By cutting a small amount of the composite insulator shed 100 as the silicon rubber sample 200 for detection, the running state of the composite insulator is basically not damaged; meanwhile, the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample 200 is detected and analyzed by a peak area integration method in Fourier spectroscopy3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)The tool can eliminate subjective factors such as human factors and the like, and has high accuracy. It should be noted that, during the process of cutting the silicone rubber sample 200, the silicone rubber material is not pressed or pulled so as to avoid affecting the surface morphology thereof; and the test part of the silicone rubber sample 200 does not need to be touched by hands or other objects so as not to influence the surface information of the silicone rubber sample 200 and the measurement result.
More specifically, in the step E, the size of the silicone rubber sample 200 is 1cm × 1cm × 1cm, and the step B includes the following steps:
step H: cutting the silicon rubber sample 200 along a direction parallel to the upper surface at a position 2-3 mm away from the upper surface of the silicon rubber sample 200, and selecting the rest part with the upper surface cut off as a matrix 300 of the silicon rubber sample 200;
step I: performing Fourier spectroscopy test on the matrix 300, and detecting the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the matrix 3003Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of。
The detection is carried out by cutting off a part of the silicon rubber sample 200 as the matrix 300, so that the silicon rubber material does not need to be cut from the composite insulator shed 100 as the matrix 300, and the running state of the composite insulator is basically not damaged; meanwhile, the matrix 300 is used as a part of the silicon rubber sample 200, the internal structure is basically not different, and the detection accuracy can be further improved; meanwhile, the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the matrix 300 is detected and analyzed by a peak area integration method in Fourier spectroscopy3Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase ofThe tool can eliminate subjective factors such as human factors and the like, and has high accuracy.
In some embodiments of the present invention, said step a and said step B respectively use fourier transform infrared spectrometer to measure said SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)、SBase ofAnd said CBase ofAnd (6) detecting. Measuring Fourier infrared spectrograms of the silicon rubber sample 200 and the matrix 300 by using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and then respectively calculating and analyzing Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample 200 and the matrix 3003The peak area of the characteristic functional group is obtained as SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)、SBase ofAnd CBase ofThereby judging and grading the aging state degree of the composite insulator. The whole detection process is convenient to measure, small in workload and accurate in measured data. As shown in fig. 2, the operating principle of the fourier transform infrared spectrometer is as follows: the light emitted by the light source passes through the beam splitter, one part of the light is reflected to M1, the other part of the light is transmitted to M2, and the light reflected from M1 and M2 forms two columns of coherent light; when the incident light is monochromatic light, the moving mirror moves at a constant speed, and the intensity (I) of the interference light detected by the detector is a function of the optical path difference (); the interference pattern detected by the detector is expressed in the form of integral to obtain interference lightAnd (4) carrying out Fourier transform on the spectrogram by using a computer to obtain a Fourier transform infrared spectrogram. The infrared spectrum generally represents the absorption intensity with the wavelength (λ) or wave number (σ) as the abscissa and the position of the absorption peak as the ordinate, and with the transmittance (T%) or absorbance (a) as the ordinate. Further, the basis of the infrared spectrum quantitative analysis is lambert-beer law, which is called beer law for short and is expressed as follows: when a beam of light passes through the sample, the absorption intensity (absorbance) at any wavelength is proportional to the concentration of each component in the sample, and is proportional to the optical path length (sample thickness), and the absorbance at any wave number (v) is:
wherein a (v) and T (v) represent absorbance and transmittance at a wave number (v), respectively, a (v) is unitless, a (v) represents an absorbance coefficient at the wave number (v) and is absorbance of the measured sample at the wave number (v) at a unit concentration and a unit thickness, b represents an optical path length (sample thickness), and c represents a concentration of the sample. In fig. 2, R is an infrared light source; m1 is a fixed mirror; m2 is a moving mirror; b is a beam splitter; s is a sample; d is a detector; a is an amplifier; f is a filter; A/D is an analog/digital converter; the D/A is a digital-to-analog converter.
Specifically, the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used for acquiring Si-O-Si and Si-CH3The characteristic absorption peak area specifically comprises the following steps:
step I: setting the wave number scanning range of the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to be 400cm & lt-1 & gt-4000 cm & lt-1 & gt, and the scanning frequency to be 32 Hz;
step J: collecting background information;
step K: collecting a spectrogram of a test sample;
step L: and analyzing the spectral information, and calculating the corresponding peak area.
And (5) carrying out quantitative analysis on the infrared spectrum by adopting a peak area integration method. As shown in fig. 3, the measurement of the peak area must determine a baseline, which is a tangent to the lowest point on both sides of the absorption peak,the spectral region refers to the wave number range v contained by the absorption peak1V and v2The peak area after baseline correction means an area enclosed by the absorption peak spectrum curve and the baseline, that is, an area enclosed by abc in fig. 3. Thus, Si-O-Si and Si-CH can be rapidly and accurately obtained3The characteristic absorption peak area is more accurate, thereby being capable of calculating Si-O-Si and Si-CH3Characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degrees delta S and delta C, and further combining Si-O-Si and Si-CH3The characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degrees delta S and delta C are used for judging and grading the aging state degree of the composite insulator, so that the aging state degree of the composite insulator can be accurately and sensitively judged, and potential risks can be found in time. It will be appreciated that in quantitative analysis of the infrared spectrum a baseline was taken and quantitatively analysed with reference to the baseline method specified in GB/T32198-2015 at 14. In step K, the test sample refers to the silicone rubber sample 200 or the substrate 300, and when the surface of the silicone rubber sample 200 is detected, the test sample refers to the silicone rubber sample 200; when the surface of the substrate 300 is inspected, the test article is referred to as the substrate 300.
In some embodiments of the present invention, there is included between said step E and said step G:
step F: the surface of the silicone rubber sample 200 was wiped with a wipe of sterile cotton wetted with absolute ethanol, with no visible natural soil as a cleaning standard.
Considering that the surface of the silicone rubber sample 200 has natural filth after being cut off, the Fourier spectroscopy is used for detecting the infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH on the surface of the silicone rubber sample 2003Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)The surface of the silicon rubber sample 200 is cleaned in the prior art, so that the situation that natural pollutants influence the detected result, the judgment of the aging state degree of the composite insulator is greatly mistaken, and potential risks cannot be found in time. It should be noted that the wiping process should be careful and gentle to avoid damaging effects on the surface of the silicone rubber sample 200 due to excessive force.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the upper and lower surfaces of silicone rubber sample 200 are consideredMay be deviated, in order to further improve the accuracy of the evaluated degree of aging state of the composite insulator, in the step G, the upper and lower surfaces of the silicon rubber sample 200 are respectively tested, and the average value is taken as the final SWatch (A)And CWatch (A)(ii) a In order to further improve the accuracy of the evaluated aging state of the composite insulator in consideration of the possible variation in the aging degree of the upper and lower surfaces of the base 300, in the step I, the upper and lower surfaces of the base 300 are respectively tested, and the average value is taken as the final SBase ofAnd CBase of。
In some embodiments of the invention, the Si-O-Si, Si-CH3And (3) carrying out grading judgment on the attenuation degrees deltaS and deltaC of the characteristic absorption peak areas, wherein the grading standard of the aging degree is as follows: good results are obtained when the delta S is more than or equal to 75 percent and the delta C is more than or equal to 75 percent; when Delta S is more than or equal to 45 percent and less than 75 and Delta C is more than or equal to 45 percent and less than 75, the aging is normal; when the delta S is less than 45 percent and the delta C is less than 45 percent, the aging is serious.
The corresponding relation of the classification of the delta S and the delta C is shown in a table 1, the classification standard is summarized by the inventor after a plurality of tests and practices, and the influence of the delta S and the delta C on the aging state degree of the composite insulator is comprehensively considered.
TABLE 1 Si-O-Si, Si-CH3Corresponding relation between attenuation degree deltaS and deltaC of characteristic absorption peak area and aging degree of composite insulator
The aging degree grading standard fully considers Si-O-Si and Si-CH3The influence of the characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degrees deltaS and deltaC on the aging degree evaluation of the composite insulator can more sensitively and accurately judge the aging state degree of the composite insulator and find out potential risks in time. It can be understood that when the delta S is more than or equal to 75 percent, the delta C is more than or equal to 45 percent and less than 75 percent or the delta S is more than or equal to 45 percent and less than 75 percent, the delta C is more than or equal to 75 percent, and the aging grade of the composite insulator is between the normal aging and the good aging; when Delta S is more than or equal to 45% and less than 75%, Delta C is less than 45% or Delta S is less than 45%, Delta C is more than or equal to 45% and less than 75, the composite insulatorIs between severe aging and normal aging.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The composite insulator aging evaluation method based on the infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: obtaining surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of silicon rubber sample of composite insulator umbrella skirt3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)；
And B: obtaining matrix infrared spectrum Si-O-Si, Si-CH of silicon rubber sample3Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of；
And C: calculation of Si-O-Si, Si-CH3The characteristic absorption peak area attenuation degrees delta S and delta C are calculated according to the following formula:
step D: for Si-O-Si, Si-CH3And (4) carrying out grading judgment on the attenuation degree deltaS and deltaC of the characteristic absorption peak area to obtain the aging state degree of the composite insulator.
2. The composite insulator aging evaluation method based on the infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method according to claim 1, wherein the step A comprises the following steps:
step E: cutting a silicon rubber material from the umbrella skirt of the composite insulator to be used as a silicon rubber sample, and marking the upper surface and the lower surface of the silicon rubber sample;
step G: performing Fourier spectroscopy test on the silicon rubber sample, and detecting the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the silicon rubber sample3Characteristic absorption peak area SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)。
3. The method for evaluating aging of a composite insulator based on characteristic peak ratio method of infrared spectrum according to claim 2, wherein in the step E, the size of the silicone rubber sample is 1cm x 1cm, and the step B comprises the following steps:
step H: cutting the silicon rubber sample at a position 2-3 mm away from the upper surface of the silicon rubber sample along a direction parallel to the upper surface, and selecting the rest part with the upper surface cut off as a matrix of the silicon rubber sample;
step I: performing Fourier spectroscopy test on the matrix, and detecting the surface infrared spectrum Si-O-Si and Si-CH of the matrix3Characteristic absorption peak area SBase of、CBase of。
4. The composite insulator aging evaluation method based on the infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is respectively adopted in the step A and the step B to evaluate the SWatch (A)、CWatch (A)、SBase ofAnd said CBase ofAnd (6) detecting.
5. The composite insulator aging evaluation method based on the infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method according to claim 4, characterized in that the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used for obtaining Si-O-Si and Si-CH3The characteristic absorption peak area specifically comprises the following steps:
step I: setting the wave number scanning range of the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to be 400cm & lt-1 & gt-4000 cm & lt-1 & gt, and the scanning frequency to be 32 Hz;
step J: collecting background information;
step K: collecting a spectrogram of a test sample;
step L: and analyzing the spectral information, and calculating the corresponding peak area.
6. The composite insulator aging evaluation method based on the infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method according to claim 2, wherein the step E and the step G comprise the following steps:
step F: the surface of the silicone rubber sample was wiped with a wipe of sterile cotton wetted with absolute ethanol, with no visible natural soil as a cleaning standard.
7. The aging evaluation method of composite insulator based on characteristic peak ratio method of infrared spectrum according to claim 2, characterized in that in the step G, the upper and lower surfaces of the silicone rubber sample are respectively tested, and the average value is taken as the final SWatch (A)And CWatch (A)。
8. The aging evaluation method of the composite insulator based on the infrared spectrum characteristic peak ratio method according to claim 1, characterized in that Si-O-Si and Si-CH are used3And (3) carrying out grading judgment on the attenuation degrees deltaS and deltaC of the characteristic absorption peak areas, wherein the grading standard of the aging degree is as follows: good results are obtained when the delta S is more than or equal to 75 percent and the delta C is more than or equal to 75 percent; when Delta S is more than or equal to 45 percent and less than 75 and Delta C is more than or equal to 45 percent and less than 75, the aging is normal; when the delta S is less than 45 percent and the delta C is less than 45 percent, the aging is serious.
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