CN106771765A - A kind of multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of operating composite insulator degree of aging - Google Patents
A kind of multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of operating composite insulator degree of aging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106771765A CN106771765A CN201710008104.0A CN201710008104A CN106771765A CN 106771765 A CN106771765 A CN 106771765A CN 201710008104 A CN201710008104 A CN 201710008104A CN 106771765 A CN106771765 A CN 106771765A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aging
- degree
- sample
- composite insulator
- parameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1245—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of line insulators or spacers, e.g. ceramic overhead line cap insulators; of insulators in HV bushings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N2033/0078—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00 testing material properties on manufactured objects
- G01N2033/0088—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00 testing material properties on manufactured objects other articles
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Insulators (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of operating composite insulator degree of aging, methods described measures hardness, hydrophobicity, surface defect area, the corresponding infrared absorption peaks of Si O Si groups, trapped charge amount and the flashover voltage of the high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample of target composite insulator umbrella skirt first；Then surveyed data are carried out with quantification treatment, and the marking of degree of aging is carried out to the characteristic parameter after treatment；The score value to each characteristic parameter is weighted summation again, obtains characterizing the comprehensive features of composite insulator degree of aging；The degree of aging of insulator is determined finally according to the size of comprehensive features and the corresponding relation of degree of aging grade.With macroscopic properties be combined for the microcosmic electrical characteristics and microcosmic physicochemical characteristic of composite insulator umbrella skirt material by the present invention, realizes the comprehensive assessment to composite insulator degree of aging.This method avoid the one-sidedness of Traditional measurements method, so as to ensure that the accuracy of assessment result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for being capable of the operating composite insulator degree of aging of accurate evaluation, belong to insulator
Technical field.
Background technology
At present, high-voltage transmission line pole tower is mostly by composite insulator and line insulation, the full skirt of composite insulator and
The material of sheath is generally high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber.During long-term hanging net operation, high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber is subject to high intensity
The influence of light, heat, rain, filth etc. in electric field and environment, it may appear that serious problem of aging.Can for ensure ultra-high-tension power transmission line
By operation, it is necessary to which the degree of aging to composite insulator is detected.
Existing silicon rubber compound insulator degree of aging detection method has various, and such as the physical characteristic according to material is (such as
Material appearance, hydrophobicity, equivalent salt density, grey close, thermogravimetric etc.) analysis insulator degree of aging；According to the microcosmic materialization of material
The degree of aging of specificity analysis insulator；Electrical characteristics (such as flashover voltage, leakage current, thermally stimulated current) point according to material
Analyse the degree of aging of insulator；Dielectric property and resistance characteristic according to material analyze the degree of aging of insulator.These methods
Mostly it is to be estimated according to single Ageing Index, causes its assessment result that there is certain one-sidedness.Such as Application No.
201210386969.8 patent of invention discloses a kind of composite insulator running status appraisal procedure, and the method is using scanning electricity
The test result of mirror (SEM), FTIR spectrum analyzer (FTIR) and thermally stimulated current measuring instrument (TSC) is from microcosmic angle
Degree is estimated to composite insulator, and carries out right-value optimization to each parameter based on BP neural network algorithm, finally calculates multiple
The running status of insulator is closed, but it does not consider influence of the material macroscopic properties to ageing state.
Detection of the macroscopic properties of insulating materials to degree of aging is significant.State Grid Corporation of China's scene operation is multiple
The data display of insulator is closed, insulator silicon rubber is aging to be mainly manifested in the phenomenons such as surface hydrophobicity declines, hardness increases, and enters
And influence the resistance to pollution flashover performance of insulator.Therefore, carry out composite insulator degree of aging assess when, an analysis of material it is microcosmic
Characteristic is unilateral, it is necessary to take the macroscopic properties of material into account.On the one hand, hydrophobicity is used as the resistance to pollution flashover of composite insulator
The important indicator of performance, can intuitively characterize the degree of aging of material.Flashover voltage is used as the weight for weighing silicon rubber electric property
One of standard is wanted, is the embodiment of insulating materials macroscopic view electrical characteristics, and hardness then embodies the macro-mechanical performance of material.The opposing party
Face, the change of the micro-property of material will cause the change of macro property, and macro property more can intuitively embody the old of material
Change state.Therefore, it is necessary to seek it is a kind of can be by the microcosmic electrical characteristics of composite insulator umbrella skirt material and microcosmic physicochemical characteristic
With the method that material macroscopic properties is combined, to realize the accurate evaluation of composite insulator degree of aging.
The content of the invention
A kind of drawback it is an object of the invention to be directed to prior art, there is provided operating composite insulator degree of aging
Multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure, with more accurately assess silicon rubber degree of aging, it is ensured that the normal fortune of ultra-high-tension power transmission line
OK.
Problem of the present invention is solved with following technical proposals：
A kind of multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of operating composite insulator degree of aging, methods described measures target first
The hardness of the high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample of composite insulator umbrella skirt, hydrophobicity, surface defect area, Si-O-Si groups correspondence
Infrared absorption peaks, trapped charge amount and flashover voltage；Then surveyed data are carried out with quantification treatment, and to the spy after treatment
Levying parameter carries out the marking of degree of aging；The score value to each characteristic parameter is weighted summation again, obtains characterizing composite insulator
The comprehensive features of degree of aging；Determine insulation with the corresponding relation of degree of aging grade finally according to the size of comprehensive features
The degree of aging of son.
The multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of above-mentioned operating composite insulator degree of aging, methods described includes following step
Suddenly：
A. characteristic quantity is determined：
Selection six characteristic parameters as evaluating combined the Ageing of Insulators degree characteristic quantity, respectively hardness, hydrophobicity,
Surface defect area, the corresponding infrared absorption peaks of Si-O-Si groups, trapped charge amount and flashover voltage, wherein, hydrophobicity by
Static contact angle represents that surface defect area is crackle area and precipitate area sum；
B. wafer type high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample is cut from target composite insulator umbrella skirt surface using food slicer；
C. Shore durometer, ESEM, FTIR spectrum analyzer, thermally stimulated current measuring instrument and finger-type are utilized
Electrode measures the hardness of high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample, surface defect area, the corresponding infrared absorption peak of Si-O-Si groups respectively
Value, trapped charge amount and flashover voltage, and the hydrophobicity of sample is measured using Static Contact horn cupping；
D. primitive character amount is quantified：The characteristic parameter measured by various methods is normalized first, wherein, table
The normalized formula of planar defect area is： Remaining
The normalized formula of characteristic parameter is： So
Afterwards according to each normalized characteristic parameter value, the marking of degree of aging is carried out to target composite insulator, obtain special with each
Levy the corresponding degree of aging score value of parameter；
E. sample degree of aging is assessed：The weight of each characteristic parameter is set, to corresponding to six characteristic parameters of sample
Degree of aging score value is weighted summation, obtains characterizing the comprehensive features of composite insulator degree of aging, finally according to synthesis
The size of characteristic quantity judges the degree of aging of target insulator with the corresponding relation of degree of aging grade.
The multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of above-mentioned operating composite insulator degree of aging, assesses the degree of aging of sample
When, it is also possible to it is estimated using neutral net, specific method is：
High-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample known to the multiple degree of agings of collection, obtains the normalization characteristic value of consult volume of sample,
Composition training sample set, is trained using training sample set pair BP neural network, then using the BP neural network pair of training
The degree of aging of high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample is estimated.
The multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of above-mentioned operating composite insulator degree of aging, the weight setting of each characteristic parameter
For：Hardness：0.2, hydrophobicity：0.4, surface defect area：The corresponding infrared absorption peaks of 0.4, Si-O-Si group：0.6, fall into
The trap quantity of electric charge：1, flashover voltage：0.4.
The multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of above-mentioned operating composite insulator degree of aging, according to each normalized feature
Value of consult volume, be to the specific method that target composite insulator carries out degree of aging marking：
The span of every kind of normalization characteristic parameter is divided into multiple intervals, each interval gives a numerical value, insulation
The degree of aging of son is higher, and corresponding numerical value is also bigger；Interval given numerical value is this where certain normalization characteristic value of consult volume
Degree of aging score value corresponding to characteristic parameter.
The multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of above-mentioned operating composite insulator degree of aging, the wafer type high-temperature vulcanized silicon
The specification of rubbery sample has two kinds, and a diameter of 20mm, the thick 1.3mm of sample used, measure other special during measurement trapped charge amount
A diameter of 20mm of sample used during parameter is levied, thickness is 3mm.
The multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of above-mentioned operating composite insulator degree of aging, measures high using Shore durometer
During the hardness of temperature vulcanizable silicone rubbery sample, measured 5 times after two panels high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample is stacked, by 5 measured values
Median as high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample hardness number.
The multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of above-mentioned operating composite insulator degree of aging, the discharge end of the finger-type electrode
Be semicircle, its radius be 8mm, using finger-type electrode measurement high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample flashover voltage when, two finger-type electricity
Anode-cathode distance is 10mm, and the sample that will be prepared is placed on two finger-type electrodes center, and the applied voltage between two finger-type electrodes is applied
Alive gradient is 1kV, and the edge flashing voltage to sample during applied voltage is measured, and every sample carries out 5
The measurement of secondary flashover voltage, is spaced 10min, using 5 average values of measured value as high-temperature vulcanized silicon between adjacent measurement twice
The flashover voltage of rubbery sample.
With macroscopic properties be combined for the microcosmic electrical characteristics and microcosmic physicochemical characteristic of composite insulator umbrella skirt material by the present invention,
Realize the comprehensive assessment to composite insulator degree of aging.This method avoid the one-sidedness of Traditional measurements method, so as to protect
The accuracy of assessment result is demonstrate,proved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is BP neural network structure chart.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
This method is to consider various aging assessments according to different weights to assess operation composite insulator
Degree of aging, material micro-property and macro property can not only be combined the degree of aging for considering material, and can be with
The differentiation result of quantitative, it is ensured that the accuracy of assessment result.The characteristics of this patent is by 6 kinds of degree of aging standard diagrams
It is according to the inner link between it and different to aging influence degree, it is divided into different weight comprehensive assessment the Ageing of Insulators
Degree, and give the BP neural network model suitable for the various operation composite insulators of assessment.Single factors evaluation index is commented
Estimate being limited in that for composite insulator：
Hardness number：Hardness is the macro physical performance of silastic material, and in silicon rubber running, surface is subject to aging
The influence of factor, material can first occur excessively crosslinking, harden phenomenon so that hardness rises, with the growth of ageing time,
Corona aging causes that materials chemistry key is constantly interrupted, the continuous corrosion material surface of nitric acid so that crackle, powder occurs in material surface
The phenomenons such as change, cause hardness to decline, therefore, hardness is presented the trend for first rising and reducing afterwards with the increase of the operation time limit, causes
It is difficult to distinguish the ageing state of material.
Hydrophobicity：Influence composite insulator performance principal element be hydrophobicity forfeiture whether, the destruction of hydrophobicity is more
It is the key character of the Ageing of Insulators.The hydrophobicity of material surface is because the non-polar group of silicon rubber side chain shields main chain
Highly polar effect so that material surface hydrophobicity strengthen, operation composite insulator with operation the time limit increase, pendant methyl
Group is interrupted, and hydrophobicity can be reduced, but can generate LMW small molecules simultaneously, and LMW moves to material surface so that hydrophobicity phase
To increase, therefore, hydrophobicity can not accurate evaluation material ageing state.
SEM：ESEM is applied to the modification of surface morphology of observation material, and its test result can characterize silastic material
The physical imperfection on surface, with the increase of the operation time limit, material surface generates a large amount of floccules, crackle and hole, its test knot
Fruit is only capable of the aging performance of qualitative analysis material, and is influenceed very big by subjective judgement, it is difficult to provide accurately quantitative assessment
As a result.
FTIR：Suitable for the change of analysis of material surface chemical structure, its test result is only for FTIR spectrum test
Can characterize the chemical structure fault on silastic material surface, composite insulator in the process of running, due to hitting for electric discharge particle
The generation of the fracture and active group that will cause materials chemistry key is hit, shows on FTIR to be methyl group and Si-O-Si groups
Deng the decline of characteristic group, the increase of-OH active groups.But it can not characterize material and be led by mechanisms such as physical shocks
The physical imperfection of cause.
TSC:Thermally stimulated current test is the microcosmic electrical property of material.Can embody due to caused by material materialization defect
Trap Characteristics, these traps can capture carrier accumulates it so that local field strength distorts, and causes solid dielectric surface possible
Generation flashover, aggravates material aging performance.Although TSC tests can reflect the physics and chemical imperfection of material, TSC tests
Repeatability is very poor, on the one hand due to the influence at dielectric sample and electrode contact and its interface, if experiment carrier note twice
The electrode for entering is different from sample contacts (contact berrier, electrode area, impurity pollution, interfacial state), then in similarity condition bet
The quantity and its distribution for entering carrier may be different, and the filling to trap is also just different, cause the distribution of trapped charge and interior
The difference of electric field, thus caused thermal stimulus are also just different.On the other hand, material is experienced thermal history and absorption
Moisture, impurity etc. can all change its physically or chemically structure, and then change trapping state.It is thus impossible to be tested merely with TSC
Technology evaluation runs the ageing state of composite insulator.
Flashover voltage：Flashover voltage, as one of major criterion for weighing silicon rubber electric property, is insulating materials macroscopic view
The embodiment of electrical characteristics, but its due to affected by environment and material surface state influence it is very big, result of the test dispersiveness and error
It is larger, only as the means of assessment composite insulator ageing state, lose the true and accurate of experiment.
Therefore, when composite insulator ageing state is judged, if by above-mentioned 6 kinds of methods according to certain weight comprehensive assessment material
The degree of aging of material, will be a kind of degree of accuracy effective means high.
The tool of the multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of operating composite insulator degree of aging is specifically described below in conjunction with example
Hold in vivo.
1. characteristic quantity is determined：Sample hardness uses shore hardness, and hydrophobicity is characterized with static contact angle, surface defect
Area, according to the relative change rate of FTIR spectrum figure feature key, determines Si-O-Si using crackle area and precipitate area sum
The corresponding absworption peak of group, due to trapped charge amount more can quantitative reaction material Trap Characteristics, determine thermally stimulated current (TSC)
Using trapped charge amount as characteristic quantity.
2. sample is gathered：Cut wafer type in the composite insulator umbrella skirt surface to be assessed crossed from hanging net operation using food slicer
High-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample, a diameter of 20mm, thickness 3mm.
3. hardness test：Hardness is calculated as Shore durometer, and thickness is 6 millimeters after two panels silicon rubber is superimposed, and is then tested
Its hardness 5 times, takes 5 measurement result medians.
4. the test of surface defect area and infrared absorption peaks：Using ESEM (SEM) and FTIR spectrum
(FTIR) instrument carries out the physico-chemical structure analysis of silastic material, observes its surface topography and Si-O-Si group peak changes.
5. hydrophobic test：Using Static Contact horn cupping measurement hydrophobic angle, each sample measurement 5 times takes its average value.
6. thermally stimulated current (TSC) experiment：Circular specimen is cut into slices using special slicer, is obtained for TSC
A diameter of 20mm of experiment, the thin rounded flakes sample of thick 1.3mm, by thermally stimulated current technical testing trapped charge amount.
7. edge flashing experiment：Using finger-type electrode, electrode radius are 8mm, and interelectrode distance is 10mm.By what is prepared
Sample is put into finger-type electrode center, and to its applied voltage, the gradient of applied voltage is 1kV.To along face during applied voltage
Flashover voltage is measured.Every sample carries out 5 flashover tests, each intertrial interval 10min, and flashover voltage takes 5 times flat
Average.
8. primitive character amount is quantified：The unit of result parameter is inconsistent measured by each method of testing, numerical value between different parameters
Difference is larger, for the ease of setting up the micro-property assessment system of composite insulator, therefore various method measured result parameters is entered
Row normalized.The normalized formula of surface defect area is：
The normalized formula of remaining characteristic parameter is：Then basis
The degree of aging scoring information that table 1 is given is given a mark to each characteristic quantity.
The degree of aging scoring information of table 1
9. sample degree of aging is assessed：According to the contact of microcosmic electrical characteristics and macroscopic properties, each aging characteristics it is important
Degree is different, thus its shared weighted in Aging Assessment.Microcosmic physicochemical characteristic determines that Macroscopic physical characteristic and electricity are special
Property, in consideration of it, microcosmic physicochemical characteristic measured result, i.e. ESEM (SEM) and FTIR spectrum (FTIR) test are tied
1 is positioned at the beginning of the weight sum of fruit.It is observed that the defect such as particulate matter generation and crackle is formed in SEM, material is reflected in FTIR
Expect the change of chemical constitution.It is easy to quantify in view of FTIR, and the bulky grain observed in SEM image, in FTIR test results
In can find molecular link chain rupture and the generation of new keys, therefore the weight of FTIR test results is more than SEM.The preliminary test by FTIR
The test result weight of result and SEM is set to 0.6,0.4.The change of hardness is main reason is that containing for its aluminium hydroxide etc.
Amount；The change of hydrophobicity is red by microphysics characteristic and mi-crochemistry characteristic joint effect, i.e. ESEM (SEM) and Fourier
External spectrum (FTIR) test result joint effect, because chemical constitution on the basis of Si-O-Si group peak values, therefore is hated in FTIR
Aqueous weight setting is smaller than FTIR test result.Hydrophobicity influences edge flashing voltage, it is considered to the power of hydrophobicity test result
Weight is 0.4, and flashover voltage is 0.4, and the weight of hardness is 0.2.The intensification reason of trap level is the increasing of internal flaw in TSC
It is many, i.e. the formation of crackle and the generation of new chemical group, and the change of chemical constitution is not responsible for trap energy in FTIR
The intensification of level, therefore TSC test result weights are set to about the same with SEM and FTIR sums, it is considered to the power of TSC test results
Weight is 1.
Summation is weighted to the degree of aging score value corresponding to six characteristic parameters of sample, obtains characterizing compound inslation
The comprehensive features of sub- degree of aging, the size according to comprehensive features judges that target is exhausted with the corresponding relation of degree of aging grade
The degree of aging of edge.
Sample degree of aging can also utilize the BP neural network shown in Fig. 1 to be estimated, and concretely comprise the following steps：
A.BP neural metwork trainings：
1) neutral net is created in Matlab, can also be in Network/Data with newff function creations
Manager interface creating networks.
2) by sample characteristics amount x1~x6 and sample output quantity y assignment input and output.
3) model parameter is set：Neutral net is a three-layer network：Input layer-hidden layer-output layer, god in hidden layer
Selected through first number is obtained generally by constantly improvement, is considered by relative error and input results etc. and obtained,
From 10 neurons, therefore it is 10 to select its hidden layer neuron, and the weights of hidden layer are set at random by system, initial power
Value is the random number between (- 1,1), and in BP neural network, the activation primitive that neuron is used can must lead everywhere,
Most of designer's selections use S type functions, and tansig ' and ' purline ' function can be used herein.Maximum frequency of training
It is set as 5000 times, error precision is set as 10-2。
The BP neural network that will be trained is stored, and is called when facilitating test sample.
To somewhere scene more than ten string composite insulator aging characteristics measure, to TSC, FTIR, SEM, hydrophobicity,
Hardness, flashover voltage test result are quantified and have been given a mark, and are as a result respectively：2nd, 3,2,1,1 and 1, by sample characteristics parameter
The BP neural network that x1~x6 (2,3,2,1,1,1) inputs have been trained, draws corresponding output y=10, therefore can determine whether this
Sample is mittlere alterung sample, meets sample subjective judgement result.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of operating composite insulator degree of aging, it is characterized in that, methods described is first
Measure hardness, hydrophobicity, surface defect area, the Si-O-Si of the high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample of target composite insulator umbrella skirt
The corresponding infrared absorption peaks of group, trapped charge amount and flashover voltage；Then surveyed data are carried out with quantification treatment, and to place
Characteristic parameter after reason carries out the marking of degree of aging；The score value to each characteristic parameter is weighted summation again, obtains characterizing again
Close the comprehensive features of the Ageing of Insulators degree；The corresponding relation of size and degree of aging grade finally according to comprehensive features
Determine the degree of aging of insulator.
2. the multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of a kind of operating composite insulator degree of aging according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps：
A. characteristic quantity is determined：
Six characteristic parameters are selected as the characteristic quantity of evaluating combined the Ageing of Insulators degree, respectively hardness, hydrophobicity, surface
Defect area, the corresponding infrared absorption peaks of Si-O-Si groups, trapped charge amount and flashover voltage, wherein, hydrophobicity is by static state
Contact angle represents that surface defect area is crackle area and precipitate area sum；
B. wafer type high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample is cut from target composite insulator umbrella skirt surface using food slicer；
C. Shore durometer, ESEM, FTIR spectrum analyzer, thermally stimulated current measuring instrument and finger-type electrode are utilized
Respectively the measurement hardness of high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample, surface defect area, the corresponding infrared absorption peaks of Si-O-Si groups,
Trapped charge amount and flashover voltage, and the hydrophobicity of sample is measured using Static Contact horn cupping；
D. primitive character amount is quantified：The characteristic parameter measured by various methods is normalized first, wherein, surface lacks
Fall into area normalized formula be： Remaining is special
The normalized formula for levying parameter is： So
Afterwards according to each normalized characteristic parameter value, the marking of degree of aging is carried out to target composite insulator, obtain special with each
Levy the corresponding degree of aging score value of parameter；
E. sample degree of aging is assessed：The weight of each characteristic parameter is set, to aging corresponding to six characteristic parameters of sample
Degree score value is weighted summation, obtains characterizing the comprehensive features of composite insulator degree of aging, finally according to comprehensive characteristics
The size of amount judges the degree of aging of target insulator with the corresponding relation of degree of aging grade.
3. the multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of a kind of operating composite insulator degree of aging according to claim 2, its
It is characterized in, when assessing the degree of aging of sample, it is also possible to be estimated using neutral net, specific method is：
High-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample known to the multiple degree of agings of collection, obtains the normalization characteristic value of consult volume of sample, composition
Training sample set, is trained using training sample set pair BP neural network, then using the BP neural network of training to high temperature
The degree of aging of sulphurated siliastic sample is estimated.
4. the multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of a kind of operating composite insulator degree of aging according to claim 2, its
It is characterized in that the weight setting of each characteristic parameter is：Hardness：0.2, hydrophobicity：0.4, surface defect area：0.4, Si-O-Si base
The corresponding infrared absorption peaks of group：0.6, trapped charge amount：1, flashover voltage：0.4.
5. the multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of a kind of operating composite insulator degree of aging according to claim 4, its
It is characterized in, according to each normalized characteristic parameter value, the specific method of degree of aging marking to be carried out to target composite insulator
For：
The span of every kind of normalization characteristic parameter is divided into multiple intervals, each interval gives a numerical value, insulator
Degree of aging is higher, and corresponding numerical value is also bigger；Interval given numerical value is this feature where certain normalization characteristic value of consult volume
Degree of aging score value corresponding to parameter.
6. the multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of a kind of operating composite insulator degree of aging according to claim 5, its
It is characterized in that the specification of the wafer type high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample has two kinds, and sample used is straight during measurement trapped charge amount
Footpath is 20mm, thick 1.3mm, a diameter of 20mm of sample used during measurement further feature parameter, and thickness is 3mm.
7. the multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of a kind of operating composite insulator degree of aging according to claim 6, its
It is characterized in, when measuring the hardness of high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample using Shore durometer, by two panels high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample
After stacking measure 5 times, using 5 medians of measured value as high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample hardness number.
8. the multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of a kind of operating composite insulator degree of aging according to claim 7, its
It is characterized in that the discharge end of the finger-type electrode is semicircle, and its radius is 8mm, using finger-type electrode measurement high-temperature vulcanized silicon rubber
During the flashover voltage of glue sample, two finger-type interelectrode distances are 10mm, and the sample that will be prepared is placed on two finger-type electrodes center,
The applied voltage between two finger-type electrodes, the gradient of applied voltage is 1kV, to the edge flashing of sample during applied voltage
Voltage is measured, and every sample carries out 5 measurements of flashover voltage, and 10min is spaced between adjacent measurement twice, by 5 surveys
The average value of value as high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber sample flashover voltage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710008104.0A CN106771765A (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2017-01-05 | A kind of multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of operating composite insulator degree of aging |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710008104.0A CN106771765A (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2017-01-05 | A kind of multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of operating composite insulator degree of aging |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106771765A true CN106771765A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
Family
ID=58950541
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710008104.0A Pending CN106771765A (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2017-01-05 | A kind of multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of operating composite insulator degree of aging |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106771765A (en) |
Cited By (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107871320A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-03 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司 | A kind of detecting system and method for insulating board heat ageing degree |
| CN107942156A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-20 | 国家电网公司 | Composite insulator aging assessment under the conditions of jump in temperature |
| CN108303366A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-07-20 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of silastic material ageing state multivariate joint probability analysis method |
| CN108563615A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-09-21 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | The appraisal procedure of support insulator polyurethane hole bubble |
| CN108872059A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-11-23 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Composite insulator ageing state appraisal procedure and terminal device |
| CN109061405A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-21 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of device and its application method of the accelerated ageing of composite insulator corona |
| CN109580690A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-05 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | It is a kind of to be applicable in the composite insulating material aging non-destructive measuring method carried out on site |
| CN109946426A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-28 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Composite insulator moves back fortune appraisal procedure |
| CN110096737A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-08-06 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Insulator life-span prediction method, device, computer installation and storage medium |
| CN110174364A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-27 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of composite insulator non-destructive testing device and method based on langbobier law |
| CN110245391A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-09-17 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | A method of based on artificial neural network with the Hardness Prediction service life |
| CN110646717A (en) * | 2019-11-03 | 2020-01-03 | 西南交通大学 | Insulation aging simulation and evaluation method for ethylene propylene rubber cable |
| CN110879336A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-13 | 东芝三菱电机产业系统株式会社 | Insulation life test method and insulation test body |
| CN111123008A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-08 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for evaluating aging failure of running composite insulator |
| CN111352007A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-30 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Comprehensive evaluation method for defects of basin-type insulator of ultra/extra-high voltage GIS equipment |
| CN111366502A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-07-03 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Method for evaluating hydrophobicity of composite insulator |
| CN111474333A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-31 | 广东核电合营有限公司 | Method and device for evaluating rubber state of nuclear power station and computer storage medium |
| CN111553432A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-18 | 西安交通大学 | Stator bar insulation aging degree prediction method based on image feature support vector machine |
| CN111812468A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-23 | 国网北京市电力公司 | Composite insulator evaluation method, evaluation device, processor and evaluation system |
| CN111965098A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-11-20 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for evaluating aging state of composite insulator running in tropical environment |
| CN111965097A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-11-20 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for evaluating anti-aging performance of new composite insulator in tropical environment |
| CN112179852A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2021-01-05 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | Method and device for predicting residual life of composite insulator |
| CN112345435A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-02-09 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Composite insulator silicon rubber humid heat aging performance test and evaluation method |
| CN112485177A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-12 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Detection method and application of composite insulator core rod through hole |
| CN112740023A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-04-30 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | Machine learning system and data fusion for optimizing deployment conditions for detecting corrosion under heat preservation layer |
| CN113030168A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-25 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Silicon rubber material quality evaluation method based on TGA-FTIR |
| CN113569507A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-10-29 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Machine learning-based stator bar insulation aging state composite prediction method |
| CN114034997A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-11 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司检修分公司 | Insulator degradation degree prediction method and system based on multiple parameters |
| CN115371742A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-11-22 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Composite insulator umbrella skirt aging state analysis method |
| CN116203333A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-06-02 | 国网山东省电力公司超高压公司 | Comprehensive evaluation system and evaluation method for aging state of composite insulator material |
| CN116297300A (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-06-23 | 华南理工大学 | Composite insulator core rod aging evaluation method, device and storage medium |
| WO2023221294A1 (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-23 | 中国中原对外工程有限公司 | Method for identifying ultraviolet radiation aging resistance degree of coating on insulator |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102230893A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-11-02 | 广西电网公司电力科学研究院 | Quantitative identification method of composite insulator umbrella skirt aging |
| CN102361250A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-02-22 | 山东电力研究院 | Field operation and maintenance method for operation composite insulator based on performance evaluation |
| CN102879689A (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2013-01-16 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Method for evaluating running status of composite insulator |
| CN103884972A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-25 | 刘勇 | Method for hydrophobicity detection and aging evaluation of composite insulator |
| CN104865144A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-08-26 | 国网新疆电力公司 | Composite insulator operating state determining method |
| CN105403777A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2016-03-16 | 华北电力大学 | Classification and discrimination method of aging state of composite insulator |
-
2017
- 2017-01-05 CN CN201710008104.0A patent/CN106771765A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102230893A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-11-02 | 广西电网公司电力科学研究院 | Quantitative identification method of composite insulator umbrella skirt aging |
| CN102361250A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-02-22 | 山东电力研究院 | Field operation and maintenance method for operation composite insulator based on performance evaluation |
| CN102879689A (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2013-01-16 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Method for evaluating running status of composite insulator |
| CN103884972A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-25 | 刘勇 | Method for hydrophobicity detection and aging evaluation of composite insulator |
| CN104865144A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-08-26 | 国网新疆电力公司 | Composite insulator operating state determining method |
| CN105403777A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2016-03-16 | 华北电力大学 | Classification and discrimination method of aging state of composite insulator |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘云鹏: "紫外辐射对高温硫化硅橡胶性能影响初探", 《高电压技术》 * |
| 崔春艳: "复合套管用硅橡胶人工加速老化试验方法设计", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅰ辑》 * |
| 惠华: "复合绝缘子运行状态和老化性能评估方法研究", 《陕西电力》 * |
Cited By (47)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107942156A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-20 | 国家电网公司 | Composite insulator aging assessment under the conditions of jump in temperature |
| CN107871320A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-03 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司 | A kind of detecting system and method for insulating board heat ageing degree |
| CN108303366A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-07-20 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of silastic material ageing state multivariate joint probability analysis method |
| CN108303366B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-08-18 | 华南理工大学 | Multi-dimensional joint analysis method for aging state of silicone rubber material |
| CN108563615A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-09-21 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | The appraisal procedure of support insulator polyurethane hole bubble |
| CN108563615B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2022-04-01 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Evaluation method of polyurethane hole bubbles of post insulator |
| CN109061405A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-21 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of device and its application method of the accelerated ageing of composite insulator corona |
| CN109061405B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-09-29 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Corona accelerated aging device for composite insulator and use method thereof |
| CN112740023A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-04-30 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | Machine learning system and data fusion for optimizing deployment conditions for detecting corrosion under heat preservation layer |
| CN110879336A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-13 | 东芝三菱电机产业系统株式会社 | Insulation life test method and insulation test body |
| CN110879336B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2022-03-25 | 东芝三菱电机产业系统株式会社 | Insulation life test method and insulation test body |
| CN108872059A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-11-23 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Composite insulator ageing state appraisal procedure and terminal device |
| CN108872059B (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-10-09 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Composite insulator aging state assessment method and terminal equipment |
| CN109580690B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2022-04-22 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Composite insulating material aging nondestructive measurement method suitable for field development |
| CN109580690A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-05 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | It is a kind of to be applicable in the composite insulating material aging non-destructive measuring method carried out on site |
| CN110096737A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-08-06 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Insulator life-span prediction method, device, computer installation and storage medium |
| CN109946426B (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2021-07-13 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Composite insulator return evaluation method |
| CN109946426A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-28 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Composite insulator moves back fortune appraisal procedure |
| CN110174364A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-27 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of composite insulator non-destructive testing device and method based on langbobier law |
| CN110245391A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-09-17 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | A method of based on artificial neural network with the Hardness Prediction service life |
| CN110245391B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2023-07-18 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | Method for predicting service life based on hardness of artificial neural network |
| CN110646717A (en) * | 2019-11-03 | 2020-01-03 | 西南交通大学 | Insulation aging simulation and evaluation method for ethylene propylene rubber cable |
| CN111123008A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-08 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for evaluating aging failure of running composite insulator |
| CN111474333A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-31 | 广东核电合营有限公司 | Method and device for evaluating rubber state of nuclear power station and computer storage medium |
| CN111352007B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2022-03-22 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Comprehensive evaluation method for defects of basin-type insulator of ultra/extra-high voltage GIS equipment |
| CN111352007A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-30 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Comprehensive evaluation method for defects of basin-type insulator of ultra/extra-high voltage GIS equipment |
| CN111553432B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-02-22 | 西安交通大学 | Stator bar insulation aging degree prediction method based on image feature support vector machine |
| CN111553432A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-18 | 西安交通大学 | Stator bar insulation aging degree prediction method based on image feature support vector machine |
| CN111366502A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-07-03 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Method for evaluating hydrophobicity of composite insulator |
| CN111812468A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-23 | 国网北京市电力公司 | Composite insulator evaluation method, evaluation device, processor and evaluation system |
| CN112179852B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2023-12-22 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | Method and device for predicting residual life of composite insulator |
| CN112179852A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2021-01-05 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | Method and device for predicting residual life of composite insulator |
| CN112345435A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-02-09 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Composite insulator silicon rubber humid heat aging performance test and evaluation method |
| CN111965098A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-11-20 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for evaluating aging state of composite insulator running in tropical environment |
| CN111965097A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-11-20 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for evaluating anti-aging performance of new composite insulator in tropical environment |
| CN111965098B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-12-22 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Evaluation method for ageing state of composite insulator operated in tropical environment |
| CN112485177B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2023-06-06 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Method for detecting through hole of composite insulator core rod |
| CN112485177A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-12 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Detection method and application of composite insulator core rod through hole |
| CN113030168A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-25 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Silicon rubber material quality evaluation method based on TGA-FTIR |
| CN113569507A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-10-29 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Machine learning-based stator bar insulation aging state composite prediction method |
| CN114034997A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-11 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司检修分公司 | Insulator degradation degree prediction method and system based on multiple parameters |
| WO2023221294A1 (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-23 | 中国中原对外工程有限公司 | Method for identifying ultraviolet radiation aging resistance degree of coating on insulator |
| CN115371742A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-11-22 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Composite insulator umbrella skirt aging state analysis method |
| CN116203333A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-06-02 | 国网山东省电力公司超高压公司 | Comprehensive evaluation system and evaluation method for aging state of composite insulator material |
| CN116203333B (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2024-03-22 | 国网山东省电力公司超高压公司 | Comprehensive evaluation system and evaluation method for aging state of composite insulator material |
| CN116297300A (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-06-23 | 华南理工大学 | Composite insulator core rod aging evaluation method, device and storage medium |
| CN116297300B (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2024-03-19 | 华南理工大学 | Composite insulator core rod aging evaluation method, device and storage medium |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106771765A (en) | A kind of multidimensional parameter appraisal procedure of operating composite insulator degree of aging | |
| CN102680363B (en) | Composite insulator hydrophobicity evaluating device and method based on dynamic drip ultrasound characteristic | |
| Sarathi et al. | Electrical treeing in XLPE cable insulation under harmonic AC voltages | |
| CN106353687A (en) | Assessment method of lithium battery health status | |
| CN102879689B (en) | Method for evaluating running status of composite insulator | |
| CN102759690A (en) | Method for judging insulation aging degrees of alternating current (AC) cables | |
| CN107941862A (en) | A kind of transformer oil Aging of Oil-paper Insulation in Oil diagnostic system based on frequency domain dielectric response | |
| WO2022052333A1 (en) | Polymer material service life prediction method based on environmental big data and machine learning | |
| CN102495342A (en) | Device for detecting hydrophobicity of composite insulator of power transmission line and control method for device | |
| CN107843545A (en) | A kind of design method of the high polymer material xenon lamp accelerated aging test of simulation climate environment | |
| CN108387824A (en) | A kind of paper oil insulation state evaluating method improving recovery voltage measurement mode | |
| CN112179852A (en) | Method and device for predicting residual life of composite insulator | |
| CN102680560A (en) | Method for judging aging of insulator room temperature vulcanization (RTV) coatings | |
| CN105469156A (en) | MOA condition management and fault prediction method and MOA condition management and fault prediction system | |
| KR100472644B1 (en) | Method to measure degree of vulcanization and optimize vulcanization process by impedance measurement and analysis in wide frequency range | |
| CN106291172A (en) | A kind of composite insulator ageing state appraisal procedure | |
| CN106199246B (en) | A kind of rapid detection method of composite insulator degree of aging | |
| CN106019100A (en) | Cable aging degree detection method and device | |
| CN109580690B (en) | Composite insulating material aging nondestructive measurement method suitable for field development | |
| Glass et al. | Inter-digital capacitive sensor for evaluating cable jacket and insulation aging | |
| CN116520101A (en) | Multi-source fusion-based sleeve defect identification and insulation state evaluation method | |
| US10816535B2 (en) | Method of assessing drying depth of cementitious material | |
| CN111025103A (en) | Aging performance evaluation system for intelligent silicon rubber composite insulator | |
| CN116430176A (en) | Diagnosis method for transformer oil paper insulation state under lightning impulse voltage | |
| Ghosh et al. | Modelling of partial discharge inception and extinction voltages of sheet samples of solid insulating materials using an artificial neural network |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20170531 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |