CN111962309A - 一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111962309A
CN111962309A CN202010877293.7A CN202010877293A CN111962309A CN 111962309 A CN111962309 A CN 111962309A CN 202010877293 A CN202010877293 A CN 202010877293A CN 111962309 A CN111962309 A CN 111962309A
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composite sheet
superfine fiber
island
waterborne polyurethane
preparation
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CN111962309B (zh
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蒋坤
杜飞虎
牛建民
孙建峰
李美婷
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Fujian Jili New Material Technology Co ltd
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Jinjiang Xuhua New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种产品具有柔软、弹性好、不板结、丰满度优良、撕裂强度高、染色时的透染性强的一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：步骤一、制备水性聚氨酯丝网、定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布备用；步骤二、取水性聚氨酯丝网作为弹性中间层、取定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布作为上下夹层，三层复合后经无纺布针刺机针刺交织形成复合片材；步骤三、将针刺交织后的复合片材放置在已添加水性聚氨酯的含浸装置内含浸；步骤四、含浸后进行凝固处理；步骤五、凝固处理后进行干燥处理；步骤六、干燥处理后进行碱减量加工处理；步骤七、碱减量加工处理后进行水洗；步骤八、水洗后进行酸中和。

Description

一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合片材技术领域，具体涉及一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法。
背景技术
超细纤维合成革产品中的基体弹性层一般采用有机溶剂（如：DMF）型聚氨酯含浸和湿法凝固的方法制作其中间带有微孔的基体弹性层，含浸的固含量为40-50%，生产过程中的有机溶剂毒性较大，不符合环保要求。超细纤维合成革产品采用原来传统的含浸、凝固、干燥工艺加工方法已无法实现目标产品最基本的要求。传统的制备工艺存在如下缺陷：产品较硬、板结、丰满度差、撕裂强度太低、染色时的透染性极差（白芯现象）。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的缺陷和不足，提供一种产品具有柔软、弹性好、不板结、丰满度优良、撕裂强度高、染色时的透染性强的一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案是：
一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、制备水性聚氨酯丝网、定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布备用；
步骤二、取水性聚氨酯丝网作为弹性中间层、取定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布作为上下夹层，三层复合后经无纺布针刺机针刺交织形成复合片材；
步骤三、将针刺交织后的复合片材放置在已添加水性聚氨酯的含浸装置内含浸；
步骤四、含浸后进行凝固处理；
步骤五、凝固处理后进行干燥处理；
步骤六、干燥处理后进行碱减量加工处理；
步骤七、碱减量加工处理后进行水洗；
步骤八、水洗后进行酸中和；
步骤九、酸中和后进行干燥处理，即制成水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材。
进一步改进的是，所述步骤一中制备水性聚氨酯丝网的具体步骤为：取水性聚氨酯注入螺杆挤出机中，并经过若干组喷丝组件挤压喷丝，将水性聚氨酯丝均匀铺在带有离型涂层的输送带上，在喷丝组件出丝孔到输送带之间对喷出的水性聚氨酯丝采用酸雾处理进行预凝固，预凝固后进行热风干燥处理，干燥处理后进行剥离卷取，即完成水性聚氨酯丝网的制备。
进一步改进的是：所述步骤一中制备定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布的具体步骤为：将定岛型海岛短纤维经无纺布加工设备梳理、铺网加工成型。
进一步改进的是：所述定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布成型后的克重为80-500g/m²。
进一步改进的是：所述步骤二中复合片材的剥离强度≥80N/5cm；针刺交织密度为0.25-0.40g/cm³。
进一步改进的是：所述步骤三中水性聚氨酯的浓度为10-30%，固含量为3-10%。
进一步改进的是：所述水性聚氨酯为阴离子型、非离子型、阳离子型中的一种；其分子结构中的硬链段二异氰酸酯为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯中的一种，软链段包括聚四氢呋喃醚。
采用上述技术方案后，本发明有益效果为：水性聚氨酯丝网作为弹性中间层使得其具有与天然皮革相近的慢回弹性，通过取水性聚氨酯丝网作为弹性中间层、取定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布作为上下夹层，三层复合后经无纺布针刺机针刺交织形成复合片材，针刺交织后具有与天然皮革相一致的经、纬向伸长比，正、反两面都具有与天然皮革粒面层相近的表面层致密细折纹，且折纹经、纬向一致，且复合片材的厚度可通过无纺布加工条件变更进行调节，控制范围为0.4-3.5mm，三层复合并通过针刺交织使得其具有较高的撕裂强度，高于溶剂型同类超细纤维复合材料；
针刺交织后的复合片材经后续加工完成后，与溶剂型聚氨酯（定岛型和非定岛型）超细纤维合成革基体层相比具有更小和更稳定的比表面积，其透气、透湿性能大于同等厚度的天然皮革，在染色加工工序达到同等染色程度时染料用量更低、色牢度更高、透染性强，其厚度在3.5mm以内时具有100%透染性，在同浴染色时，其色差可忽略不计，同色性良好，具有良好的色稳定性，其色迁移现象基本消除，而溶剂型聚氨酯超细纤维合成的色迁移问题一直存在，致使其应用范围受到了极大的限制；
将针刺交织后的复合片材放置在已添加水性聚氨酯的含浸装置内含浸，针刺交织后的复合片材上形成有若干针刺孔，之后被水性聚氨酯含浸，含浸后进行凝固处理，在复合片材表面形成有短绒，不板结、丰满度优良、手感柔软，短绒的覆盖率可到100%，并可将其加工制成绒面合成革；
水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的软硬、弹性、丰满度、撕裂强度，可通过水性聚氨酯胶、水性聚氨酯丝网、定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布的重量比例和复合工艺条件变化进行调整。
具体实施方式
现结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明。
本具体实施方式采用的技术方案是：
一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、制备水性聚氨酯丝网、定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布备用；步骤一中制备水性聚氨酯丝网的具体步骤为：取水性聚氨酯注入螺杆挤出机中，并经过若干组喷丝组件挤压喷丝，将水性聚氨酯丝均匀铺在带有离型涂层的输送带上，在喷丝组件出丝孔到输送带之间对喷出的水性聚氨酯丝采用酸雾处理进行预凝固，预凝固后进行热风干燥处理，干燥处理后进行剥离卷取，即完成水性聚氨酯丝网的制备；制备水性聚氨酯丝网中的水性聚氨酯为阴离子型、非离子型、阳离子型中的一种；其分子结构中的硬链段二异氰酸酯为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯中的一种，软链段包括聚四氢呋喃醚；水性聚氨酯丝网可用其他弹性中间层替代；步骤一中制备定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布的具体步骤为：将定岛型海岛短纤维经无纺布加工设备梳理、铺网加工成型；定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布成型后的克重为80-500g/m²；步骤二、取水性聚氨酯丝网作为弹性中间层、取定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布作为上下夹层，三层复合后经无纺布针刺机针刺交织形成复合片材；步骤二中复合片材的剥离强度≥80N/5cm；针刺交织密度为0.25-0.40g/cm³；步骤三、将针刺交织后的复合片材放置在已添加水性聚氨酯的含浸装置内含浸；步骤三中水性聚氨酯的浓度为10-30%，固含量为3-10%；含浸装置可为含浸槽；步骤四、含浸后进行凝固处理；步骤五、凝固处理后进行干燥处理；步骤六、干燥处理后进行碱减量加工处理；步骤七、碱减量加工处理后进行水洗；步骤八、水洗后进行酸中和；步骤九、酸中和后进行干燥处理，即制成水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征及其优点，本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内，本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。本发明未详述之处，均为本领域技术人员的公知技术。

Claims (7)

1.一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、制备水性聚氨酯丝网、定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布备用；
步骤二、取水性聚氨酯丝网作为弹性中间层、取定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布作为上下夹层，三层复合后经无纺布针刺机针刺交织形成复合片材；
步骤三、将针刺交织后的复合片材放置在已添加水性聚氨酯的含浸装置内含浸；
步骤四、含浸后进行凝固处理；
步骤五、凝固处理后进行干燥处理；
步骤六、干燥处理后进行碱减量加工处理；
步骤七、碱减量加工处理后进行水洗；
步骤八、水洗后进行酸中和；
步骤九、酸中和后进行干燥处理，即制成水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤一中制备水性聚氨酯丝网的具体步骤为：取水性聚氨酯注入螺杆挤出机中，并经过若干组喷丝组件挤压喷丝，将水性聚氨酯丝均匀铺在带有离型涂层的输送带上，在喷丝组件出丝孔到输送带之间对喷出的水性聚氨酯丝采用酸雾处理进行预凝固，预凝固后进行热风干燥处理，干燥处理后进行剥离卷取，即完成水性聚氨酯丝网的制备。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中制备定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布的具体步骤为：将定岛型海岛短纤维经无纺布加工设备梳理、铺网加工成型。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述定岛型海岛超细纤维无纺布成型后的克重为80-500g/m²。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中复合片材的剥离强度≥80N/5cm；针刺交织密度为0.25-0.40g/cm³。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三中水性聚氨酯的浓度为10-30%，固含量为3-10%。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种水性聚氨酯定岛超细纤维复合片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述水性聚氨酯为阴离子型、非离子型、阳离子型中的一种；其分子结构中的硬链段二异氰酸酯为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯中的一种，软链段包括聚四氢呋喃醚。
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