CN111961270A - 一种挤出发泡橡胶材料及工艺 - Google Patents
一种挤出发泡橡胶材料及工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于汽车水切产品技术领域，提供了挤出发泡橡胶材料以及工艺按比例称取组分原料，充油胶100份，炭黑80份，橡胶填充油70份，高岭土20份，氧化锌6份，硬脂酸2份，聚乙二醇4份，流动分散剂2份，硫磺1.5份，复合促进剂4份，吸湿剂9份，发泡剂15份，经混炼、开炼、出片等步骤成型。本发明的优点在于通过从橡胶材料的发泡结构，发泡剂的选择，以及平衡发泡速度与硫化速度的研究，发明一种超低密度挤出发泡橡胶材料，新橡胶材料可以很好的满足复合挤出，且密度超低，材料用量会大幅降低，止水性能良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽车橡胶密封条技术领域，具体涉及一种挤出发泡橡胶材料及工艺。
背景技术
三元乙丙橡胶是乙烯、丙烯和少量第三单体非共轭二烯烃的共聚物，具有卓越的抗紫外线作用，具耐候性、耐热老化性、耐低温性、耐臭氧性、耐化学介质性、耐水性、良好的电绝缘性和弹性以及其他物理机械性能。对不同形状，不同材质，或耐寒、耐热、发泡、实身，以及具有特殊性能等要求的产品，均能满足设计和使用的需要。目前汽车橡胶密封条领域也绝大数都使用三元乙丙橡胶材料。而在汽车门框，尾门等部分密封部位要求产品能起到止水功能，这就需要材料在遇水时能够吸水或膨胀，从而防止漏水。且材料膨胀后不影响使用，水份挥发后又能再次复原。通常这种部位会使用低密度高发泡的材料。目前行业内使用三元乙丙胶挤出发泡的比重均在0.45g/cm3左右，且基本都是闭孔与开孔混合的发泡结构，发泡较小，从而吸水止水性能较差。类似于EPE，EVA，PU等材料虽然有较好的发泡性能，但要与其他部位的三元乙丙橡胶共挤，粘着存在较大的问题。所以只能结合现状，我们通过改进材料的发泡结构，发泡比重开发了一种超低密度挤出发泡橡胶材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的现状，而提供一种低密度，高发泡能与三元乙丙橡胶共挤的挤出发泡橡胶材料及工艺。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种挤出发泡橡胶材料，其特征在于，按原料质量份数组成如下：
作为优化，在上述的一种挤出发泡橡胶材料中，所述的挤出发泡橡胶材料按原料质量份数组成如下：
作为优化，在上述的一种挤出发泡橡胶材料中，所述的流动分散剂为脂肪酸镁皂。
在上述的一种挤出发泡橡胶材料中，所述的复合促进剂为奈米碳酸钙，所述的吸湿剂为吸湿剂Eflower-25，所述的发泡剂为4,4-氧代双苯磺酰肼母胶。
一种挤出发泡橡胶材料的工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
混炼：按比例称取组分原料，首先将橡胶材料中所用生胶进行塑炼，密炼机转速50RPM，时间60s，然后将补强剂，填充剂，增塑剂按顺序加入到密炼机均匀混合，排胶温度150℃，制得混炼胶；
开炼：混炼胶停放24小时后，可以开始进行开炼，将混炼胶先加入开炼机炼制2min，然后按配方比例加入硫化剂，促进剂，吸湿剂，发泡剂，以及碳酸氢钠，开炼机混筒温度不超过60℃，初步混合好后摆胶180s，让胶料与粉料均匀混合；
出片：根据密封条产品挤出机型号，将橡胶材料按宽5cm*厚0.4cm出片，经过冷胶机充分冷却，胶料表面温度低于40℃后置于胶筐中，然后将胶料至于恒温仓储存24小时后供后续使用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于通过从橡胶材料的发泡结构，发泡剂的选择，以及平衡发泡速度与硫化速度的研究，发明一种超低密度挤出发泡橡胶材料，新橡胶材料可以很好的满足复合挤出，且密度超低，材料用量会大幅降低，止水性能良好。
附图说明
图1、图2是本改进前发泡的整体示意图；
图3是本挤出发泡橡胶材料的发泡结构示意图；
图4是硫化曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
本挤出发泡橡胶材料，按如下原料质量份数进行混合，其中充油胶 90-100份，炭黑60-80份，橡胶填充油60-70份，高岭土10-20份，氧化锌5-6份，硬脂酸1-2份，聚乙二醇3-4份，流动分散剂1-2份，硫磺 1-1.5份，复合促进剂3-4份，吸湿剂7-9份，发泡剂10-15份，碳酸氢钠 5-7份，其中流动分散剂为脂肪酸镁皂，复合促进剂为奈米碳酸钙，吸湿剂为吸湿剂Eflower-25，发泡剂为4,4-氧代双苯磺酰肼母胶，整个挤出发泡橡胶材料的工艺，按如下步骤制作：
混炼：按比例称取组分原料，充油胶100份，炭黑80份，橡胶填充油 70份，高岭土20份，氧化锌6份，硬脂酸2份，聚乙二醇4份，流动分散剂2份，硫磺1.5份，复合促进剂4份，吸湿剂9份，发泡剂15份，首先将橡胶材料中所用生胶进行塑炼，密炼机转速50RPM，时间60s，然后将补强剂，填充剂，增塑剂按顺序加入到密炼机均匀混合，排胶温度150℃，制得混炼胶；
开炼：混炼胶停放24小时后，可以开始进行开炼，将混炼胶先加入开炼机炼制2min，然后按配方比例加入硫化剂，促进剂，吸湿剂，发泡剂，以及碳酸氢钠，开炼机混筒温度不超过60℃，初步混合好后摆胶180s，让胶料与粉料均匀混合；
出片：根据密封条产品挤出机型号，将橡胶材料按宽5cm*厚0.4cm出片，经过冷胶机充分冷却，胶料表面温度低于40℃后置于胶筐中，然后将胶料至于恒温仓储存24小时后供后续使用。
如图1所示，本挤出发泡橡胶材料根据目前材料现状，可以从发泡剂的选择；发泡速度与硫速控制这三个方面去改进，其改进前后发泡结构如图1和图2为改进前的发泡结构图，基本为闭孔发泡，且泡壁较厚。产品比重依次为0.75g/cm3，0.45g/cm3，比重较大，图3为改进后的发泡结构图，是开孔发泡结构，比重约0.2g/cm3左右，密封条在加工生产过程中采用热风硫化，生产温度在230-250度之间,保证橡胶的充分。当发泡分解温度低时，橡胶未硫化，产生的气体直接挥发，不能有效形成孔结构。因此需选用分解温度较高的发泡剂，且发气量充足，
同时再并用一种物理性发泡剂碳酸氢钠，其完全分解温度在160℃，分解产生的气体为CO2，发泡孔径小，发气均匀缓慢，正好与发泡剂H互补。公司内部牌号为WHA5N，在满足挤出工艺的条件下，门尼粘度越低，则越有利于发泡，比重越低。另一方面还需匹配发泡速度与硫化速度。如图4所示为硫化曲线图：
ab为焦烧期，bc为热硫化期，cd为平坦硫化期。如果在产品在b点前发泡，此时胶料尚未开始交联，粘度很低，气体容易跑掉，得不到气孔，当在bc阶段发泡时，产品开始有硫化趋势，发泡开始缓慢进行，外部胶料硫化较快些，正好包裹发出的气体，中间胶料粘度要低，形成的泡壁较薄或无泡壁，此时形成开孔结构。如果在c点后发泡，此胶料已硫化较充分，粘度较大，发泡剂产生的气体压力不足以形成气泡或泡壁较厚而形成闭孔结构。因此，适当调节硫化速度很重要，因它对橡胶材料的密度(发泡倍率)、吸水率(开孔气泡增加而吸水率增大)有极大影响。
文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明，本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神所定义的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种挤出发泡橡胶材料，其特征在于，按原料质量份数组成如下：
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种挤出发泡橡胶材料，其特征在于，所述的挤出发泡橡胶材料按原料质量份数组成如下：
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种挤出发泡橡胶材料，其特征在于，所述的流动分散剂为脂肪酸镁皂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种挤出发泡橡胶材料，其特征在于，所述的复合促进剂为奈米碳酸钙，所述的吸湿剂为吸湿剂Eflower-25，所述的发泡剂为4,4-氧代双苯磺酰肼母胶。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的挤出发泡橡胶材料的工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
混炼：按比例称取组分原料，首先将橡胶材料中所用生胶进行塑炼，密炼机转速50RPM，时间60s，然后将补强剂，填充剂，增塑剂按顺序加入到密炼机均匀混合，排胶温度150℃，制得混炼胶；
开炼：混炼胶停放24小时后，可以开始进行开炼，将混炼胶先加入开炼机炼制2min，然后按配方比例加入硫化剂，促进剂，吸湿剂，发泡剂，以及碳酸氢钠，开炼机混筒温度不超过60℃，初步混合好后摆胶180s，让胶料与粉料均匀混合；
出片：根据密封条产品挤出机型号，将橡胶材料按宽5cm*厚0.4cm出片，经过冷胶机充分冷却，胶料表面温度低于40℃后置于胶筐中，然后将胶料至于恒温仓储存24小时后供后续使用。
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| CN109880240A (zh) * | 2019-02-23 | 2019-06-14 | 常熟市海虞橡胶有限公司 | 一种微发泡低密度密封条混炼胶 |
| CN110437546A (zh) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-12 | 潍坊军涛化工有限公司 | 一种三元乙丙橡胶挤出发泡材料及其制备方法 |
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| CN103087361A (zh) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-05-08 | 江阴海达橡塑股份有限公司 | 厚制品用发泡橡胶及其变温模压制备方法 |
| CN109880240A (zh) * | 2019-02-23 | 2019-06-14 | 常熟市海虞橡胶有限公司 | 一种微发泡低密度密封条混炼胶 |
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