CN111955096A - Medicament-compounded seed ginger coating method - Google Patents
Medicament-compounded seed ginger coating method Download PDFInfo
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- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
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- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
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- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed ginger coating method by compounding medicaments, which comprises the steps of seed ginger tuber screening, preparation of compound medicaments, seed ginger tuber coating treatment and bagging. The invention discloses a method for coating seed ginger by compounding medicaments, which is specially used for seed ginger diseases, adopts specific oomycete bactericides, fungus bactericides, insecticides and plant growth regulators to form a compound medicament with final concentration of 0.15-0.2%, 0.025-0.2%, 0.2-0.4% and 0.2-0.3% respectively to prepare a coating agent, and forms a medicament film on the surface of a seed ginger tuber by measures such as spray coating and the like, thereby killing accumulated pathogens on the surface and surface xylem of the seed ginger, preventing invasion of soil-borne pathogenic bacteria and damage of insect pests, effectively killing pathogenic bacteria accumulated in a seed ginger tuber, preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases in the process of ginger budding, promoting the development of a ginger root system and improving the disease resistance in the process of ginger growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ginger seed ginger processing methods, and relates to a seed ginger coating method by compounding medicaments.
Background
During the vegetative propagation process of ginger, a large number of pathogenic bacteria such as pythium, phytophthora, fusarium, anthrax, mycosphaerella and rhizoctonia are accumulated on the surface of a ginger tuber, and the pathogenic bacteria germinate along with the germination of the ginger seed, infect ginger roots, stems and vascular bundles, develop from bottom to stem tip, cause serious diseases of plant death caused by root rot, stem basal rot, withering and the like of ginger seedlings, and cause serious diseases of anthrax, leaf spots, verticillium wilt and the like of leaves, thereby causing yield reduction and quality reduction of the ginger. After the young buds of the ginger are germinated in soil, the young buds are usually damaged by insect pests such as cutworms, tussores, aphids, mole crickets, grubs and the like, so that the young buds die, and a large number of destructive diseases of the ginger are caused in the production process.
At present, the prevention and treatment measures for ginger diseases are carried out through aspects of disease-resistant variety breeding, facility cultivation, field management and the like, and the important functions of treatment means such as sterilization, insect suppression and the like on seed ginger tubers before the seed ginger is applied in the prevention and treatment of soil-borne diseases are ignored. Therefore, the effective prevention and control of seed-borne diseases accumulated in the seed ginger tubers and the prevention of soil-borne diseases and insect pests in the soil are the key points for ensuring the healthy growth of the ginger.
At present, the method for treating tubers in the vegetative propagation process of the seed ginger mainly comprises the following steps: (1) planting the seed ginger tubers in the soil directly without treatment; after the disease outbreak, the method causes the disease to be cured to spread in a large range in the field due to no disease resistance, thereby causing the field to be damaged and the yield to be reduced and even the disease is completely harvested; (2) accelerating germination of tubers and then planting the tubers into soil; although the method has improved disease resistance compared with the first method, more than one quarter of the seed ginger still loses after suffering from the disease, and the method has great influence on ginger farmers. At present, the traditional ginger cultivation process does not carry out the disinfection and root growth promotion treatment of the planted ginger.
The method can improve the disease resistance in a short time by soaking the seed ginger tubers into the pesticide for root soaking treatment, but has short duration and poor long-term pest prevention effect, and if the root soaking treatment time is prolonged, the seed ginger is rotten due to high moisture content in the germination accelerating process, so a new application means needs to be selected. At present, the pesticide is mostly mixed by the traditional single bactericide or a plurality of bactericides, the type is limited, and diseases have stronger drug resistance after the traditional bactericide is used for a long time, so that the disease control effect is poorer, the problems of soil pollution and the like are caused, and the improvement is needed urgently; therefore, the screening of novel bactericides and insecticides is a trend in technical development.
The coating treatment is mostly applied to seed plants, but is less applied to vegetative tuber plants; at present, the processing mode of coating the seed ginger tubers is few, the seed ginger tubers are mainly soaked in the agricultural chemical liquid or medicaments and chemical medicaments are mixed and fixed on seeds, and then the coated seed ginger tubers are coated by a tangible coating thin-layer material.
Therefore, aiming at the problem that the seed ginger tubers are easy to accumulate pathogenic diseases, the problems of few varieties, poor effect and poor coating applying mode effect of the conventional pesticide applying formula are urgently needed to be solved, and a medicament compounding seed ginger coating method is urgently needed to be provided, so that the healthy development of the seed ginger industry is promoted, the yield is increased, and the purpose of producing the green ginger food in the A level is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a seed ginger coating method by compounding medicaments, which is a coating technology for applying a crop-friendly oomycete bactericide, a fungal bactericide, an insecticide and a plant growth agent to tubers of the seed ginger in a compounding manner, and solves the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a medicament-compounded ginger seed coating method comprises the following steps:
s10, seed ginger tuber screening: in daytime illumination weather with average daily temperature of more than 10 ℃, discharging the seed ginger out of the cellar, and performing manual seed selection to complete seed ginger tuber screening;
s20, preparing a compound medicament: respectively adding an oomycete bactericide, a fungus bactericide, a pesticide and a plant growth agent into water for dilution, and uniformly mixing to form a compound medicament; the final concentrations of the oomycete fungicide, the fungus fungicide, the pesticide and the plant growth agent in the compound medicament are respectively as follows: 0.15-0.2%, 0.025-0.2%, 0.2-0.4%, 0.2-0.3%;
wherein, the oomycete bactericides are as follows: 62.5g/L fluopicolide and 625g/L propamocarb hydrochloride, wherein the stock solution is a suspending agent; the fungus bactericide is: 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl-M; the pesticide is: thiamethoxam suspension, the effective component is 25%; the plant growth agent is: 20g/L alginic acid +113g/L (N + P)2O5+K2O)+B5g/L；
Wherein, the final concentration refers to: the percentage value of the stock solution volume of any one of the oomycete fungicide, the fungus fungicide, the insecticide and the plant growth agent to the volume of the added water;
the application adopts the oomycete fungicide as follows: fungus bactericide: insecticide: the plant growth agent is sprayed on the surface of the preferred seed ginger tuber to form a medicine film, the medicine film can kill accumulated pathogens on the surface of the seed ginger and in the surface xylem and can prevent the invasion of soil-borne pathogens and the damage of insect pests, and the plant growth agent in the medicine can induce the germination of the young buds of the seed ginger and promote the growth.
S30, coating seed ginger tubers:
s31: the compound medicament of S20 and the seed ginger tuber of S10 are sprayed and coated according to the medicine seed ratio of 1ml to 50-400 g, and the two sides of the seed ginger tuber are evenly sprayed;
s32: airing the seed ginger tubers processed by the S31 in the sun for 1 to 2 hours, turning over the seed ginger tubers, and airing for 1 to 2 hours until the ginger tubers turn white, so as to finish the seed ginger tuber coating treatment;
and the seeds are aired for 2-4 hours, so that the water stain on the surfaces of the planted gingers is removed, the coating agent is better adsorbed on the surfaces of the planted gingers, pathogenic bacteria are prevented from invading the planted gingers, the heat of the planted gingers is provided, and the recovery of the seeds is promoted.
Further, in S10, the illumination intensity in daytime illumination weather reaches 40000Lux to 50000 Lux.
Further, in S10, the manual seed selection specifically includes: selecting the seed ginger which is full in shape and complete in surface, the single tuber of the seed ginger is more than 30g, and xylem below the surface of the seed ginger is not obviously soaked in water, breaking off the seed ginger, washing the seed ginger with clear water to remove soil carried on the surface of the seed ginger, airing the seed ginger in the sun, and finishing screening the seed ginger tubers when the surface of the seed ginger is whitened. Wherein, no obvious water stain shows that the pathogenic bacteria are not accumulated in the wood part under the epidermis during the vegetative propagation and only on the surface of the epidermis, and the surface sterilization and prevention can be realized.
Further, in S20, the final concentrations of the oomycete fungicide, the fungal fungicide, the insecticide and the plant growth agent in the compound preparation are as follows: 0.17%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.3%.
Furthermore, in S31, the drug species ratio is 1ml:100 g.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for coating the seed ginger by compounding the medicaments is specially used for the disease of the seed ginger, adopts specific oomycete bactericides, fungal bactericides, pesticides and plant growth agents to form compound medicaments with final concentrations of 0.15-0.2%, 0.025-0.2%, 0.2-0.4% and 0.2-0.3% respectively to prepare the coating agent, and forms a medicament film on the surface of a seed ginger tuber by measures such as spray coating and the like, so that accumulated pathogens on the surface and surface xylem of the seed ginger can be killed, the invasion of soil-borne pathogenic bacteria and damage of insect pests can be prevented, pathogenic bacteria accumulated in a seed ginger tuber can be effectively killed, the soil-borne diseases in the sprouting process of the ginger can be prevented and controlled, the development of the root system of the ginger can be promoted, and the disease resistance in the growing process of the ginger can be improved.
(2) The method for coating the seed ginger by compounding the medicament greatly improves the budding rate of the seed ginger, the highest budding rate can reach 86.5 percent, the contrast treatment of the seed ginger coating is not used, the budding rate is only 65.2 percent, the seedling development and the yield improvement are also promoted, the average height of a plant is 1.7cm higher than that of the contrast, and the highest yield per mu can reach 2609 kg.
(3) The compound medicament adopted by the invention selects novel bactericide, insecticide and natural active growth promoter which are safe in environment and friendly to crops to replace bactericide and insecticide used in the traditional agricultural production process through scientific proportioning and long-time experiments, not only solves the problem of prevention effect, but also overcomes the problems of poor prevention effect and environmental pollution of the traditional medicament, promotes the germination and seedling growth of the ginger, improves the field yield of the ginger, reduces the usage amount of the pesticide and effectively protects the environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the effect of 25g/L fludioxonil and 37.5g/L metalaxyl-M on the bacteriostatic performance test of fusarium, a fungus.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl-M on the bacteriostatic performance test of fusarium in different volume concentrations (0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%) of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl-M on the bacteriostatic performance test of fusarium in different volume concentrations (0.2% and 0.4%) of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the compound of the present invention on the growth of seedlings at a drug/drug ratio of 1: 100.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the harvesting effect of the seed ginger when the medicine seed ratio of the compound medicine is 1: 100.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The compound medicament adopted by the invention comprises the following components:
the oomycete bactericide is as follows: 62.5g/L fluopicolide and 625g/L propamocarb hydrochloride, is a low-toxicity pesticide, is environment-friendly and safe for crops, can be used in the whole crop growth period, and has very good killing and preventing effects on oomycetes (especially pythium and phytophthora).
The fungus bactericide is: the fludioxonil and the metalaxyl-M of 25g/L and the fludioxonil and the metalaxyl-M of 37.5g/L are low-toxicity and low-chemical-residue seed treatment bactericides, have good killing effect on seed-borne diseases of higher fungi (especially fusarium, anthracnose, mycosphaerella and rhizoctonia) and the like, and are safe for seed ginger and sprouts under the dosage of the bactericide.
The pesticide is: the thiamethoxam suspension contains 25% of effective components, is a seed treatment pesticide with high safety, environment friendliness and wide insecticidal spectrum, has a good protection effect on vegetatively propagated tubers and seed crops, and also has the effects of promoting the growth of the crops and resisting stress.
The plant growth agent is: 20g/L alginic acid +113g/L (N + P)2O5+K2O) + B5g/L, is a growth activator, has the effect of strengthening the root system, and has better effects of promoting the root system and increasing the yield of garlic, onion, ginger and other crops after seed soaking.
Example 1
A medicament-compounded seed ginger coating method comprises the following steps:
s10, seed ginger tuber screening: in daytime illumination weather with the daily average temperature of more than 10 ℃, the illumination intensity of the daytime illumination weather reaches 40000 Lux-50000 Lux, the seed ginger is taken out of the cellar, the seed ginger with full appearance and intact surface, a single tuber of more than 30g and without obvious water stain in xylem below the epidermis is selected for seed breaking, clean water is used for washing to remove soil carried on the surface of the tuber, the seed ginger is aired in the sun, and when the surface of the tuber is whitish, the screening of the seed ginger tubers is completed;
s20, preparing a compound medicament: respectively adding an oomycete bactericide, a fungus bactericide, a pesticide and a plant growth agent into water for dilution, and uniformly mixing to form a compound medicament; the final concentrations of the oomycete fungicide, the fungus fungicide, the pesticide and the plant growth agent in the compound medicament are respectively as follows: 0.15%, 0.025%, 0.2%;
wherein the oomycete bactericide is: 62.5g/L fluopicolide +625g/L propamocarb hydrochloride; the fungus bactericide is as follows: 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl-M; the pesticide is as follows: thiamethoxam suspension, the effective component is 25%; the plant growth agent is as follows: 20g/L alginic acid +113g/L (N + P)2O5+K2O)+B5g/L；
S30, coating seed ginger tubers:
s31: the compound medicament of S20 and the seed ginger tuber of S10 are sprayed and coated according to the medicine seed ratio of 1ml to 50g, and the two sides of the seed ginger tuber are evenly sprayed;
s32: airing the seed ginger tubers processed by the S31 in the sun for 1 to 2 hours, turning over the seed ginger tubers, and airing for 1 to 2 hours until the ginger tubers turn white, so as to finish the seed ginger tuber coating treatment;
s40, bagging; each bag is filled with 30kg to 40kg of seed ginger tubers processed by S30.
Example 2
The final concentrations of the oomycete fungicide, the fungus fungicide, the pesticide and the plant growth agent in the compound preparation except the S20 are respectively as follows: 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.25%; s31, the Chinese medicine seed ratio is 1ml:400 g; the remaining steps were the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The final concentrations of the oomycete fungicide, the fungus fungicide, the pesticide and the plant growth agent in the compound preparation except the S20 are respectively as follows: 0.17%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.3%; s31, the Chinese medicine seed ratio is 1ml:100 g; the remaining steps were the same as in example 1.
Test example 1
The oomycete bactericides adopted by the invention are as follows: 62.5g/L fluopicolide and 625g/L propamocarb hydrochloride are diluted by water to obtain the volume concentrations of 0.1%, 0.125%, 0.15%, 0.17%, 0.2%, 0.33% and 0.5%, only 62.5g/L fluopicolide and 625g/L propamocarb hydrochloride are adopted in the seed ginger coating method, the incidence rate, disease index and relative prevention effect of the sudden death after the seed ginger sprouts are counted after the seed ginger is coated and sowed for 50 days, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 162.5 g/L Fluopyram +625g/L propamocarb hydrochloride Effect on sudden onset of ginger disease
Table 1 shows that when 62.5g/L of fluopicolide and 625g/L of propamocarb hydrochloride are diluted to 580 times by using water, the volume concentration is 0.17 percent, the absolute control effect is 69.92 percent, and even if the concentration of the pesticide is increased, the control effect is increased slowly.
Test example 2
A plate inhibition test is carried out on the bacteriostatic performance of the fungus bactericide of 25g/L fludioxonil and 37.5g/L metalaxyl-M on fusarium. The test objects comprise 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl-M, 50% carbendazim, 56% pyrimethanil, 70% thiophanate-methyl and 72% agricultural streptomycin, and the test objects are all diluted by 2000 times of water, and the volume concentration of the test objects is 0.05%. A is a blank test, B is 50% carbendazim, C is 56% pyrimethanil-chlorothalonil, D is 70% thiophanate-methyl, E is 72% agricultural streptomycin, and F is 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl-M. The plate test effect is shown in fig. 1, fig. 1A is a blank test, the colony diameter is large, no bacteriostatic effect exists, fig. 1B to fig. 1F all have certain bacteriostatic effects, wherein the colony diameter of 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl-M in fig. 1F is the smallest, the bacteriostatic effect is the best, and the plate inhibition test result in table 2 also shows that the bacteriostatic performance of 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl-M diluted by 2000 times and having the volume concentration of 0.05% is remarkably improved compared with that of the traditional bactericide.
TABLE 225 g/L Fluoropyromyclobutanil +37.5g/L metalaxyl-M for the results of the plate bacteriostasis of Fusarium fungi
Adding 25g/L fludioxonil and 37.5g/L metalaxyl-M with different dilution times into a culture medium, inoculating fungus cakes of fusarium, culturing in an incubator at 28 ℃, measuring the plaque diameter of the fusarium every day, wherein blank groups on day 3 basically grow full, the volume concentration is increased along with the reduction of the dilution times of the 25g/L fludioxonil and the 37.5g/L metalaxyl-M, the fungus cakes formed in a flat plate are smaller and smaller (as shown in figure 2), and the bacteriostasis rate is gradually increased (as shown in table 3), and the result shows that the 25g/L fludioxonil and 37.5g/L metalaxyl-M with the volume concentration of 0.2 percent have obvious inhibition effect on the growth of the fusarium. In fig. 2: B. c, D, E, F respectively represent 25g/L fludioxonil and 37.5g/L metalaxyl-M with the dilution times of 10000 times, 4000 times, 2000 times, 1000 times and 500 times, the volume concentration is 0.01 percent, 0.025 percent, 0.05 percent, 0.1 percent and 0.2 percent respectively, and A is a blank test. As shown in fig. 2: the blank test has no bacteriostatic effect basically, the concentration is improved as the dilution multiple of 25g/L fludioxonil and 37.5g/L metalaxyl-M is reduced, the diameter of the colony is smaller and smaller, and the bacteriostatic effect is better.
TABLE 3 influence of different volume concentrations of fludioxonil 25g/L + metalaxyl-M37.5 g/L on the bacteriostatic rate
Respectively diluting fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M25 g/L by 250 times and 500 times, respectively diluting with fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M37.5 g/L, respectively having volume concentrations of 0.4% and 0.2%, respectively, and respectively connecting back by 10%7The test results of the control effect test of fusarium for 7 days are shown in figure 3, wherein in figure 3, A is 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl with the volume fraction of 0.2%, B is 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl with the volume fraction of 0.4%, and C is a blank test, and the results show that the control effect test of 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl with the volume fractions of 0.2% and 0.4% is good, no white hypha grows, fusarium can not be separated, the colonies in the blank test group grow obviously, and fusarium can be separated. According to the investigation and statistics of the disease condition, the relative control effect of 25g/L fludioxonil and 37.5g/L metalaxyl-M with the volume fraction of 0.2 percent is calculated to be 100 percent. Therefore, 25g/L fludioxonil and 37.5g/L metalaxyl-M with the volume fraction of 0.2 percent have good control effect on fusarium.
Test example 3
The insecticidal effect of 25% of the active ingredient of the insecticide thiamethoxam suspension in the compound preparation of the invention is compared with the control effect of the common insecticide, and the test results are shown in table 4. Commonly used insecticides include: 4.5 percent of beta-cypermethrin, 20 percent of fenpropathrin, 25g/L of beta-cyfluthrin and 0.5 percent of emamectin benzoate ME are diluted by 2000 times of water, and the volume concentration is 0.05 percent. The thiamethoxam suspension is also diluted by 2000 times of water, and the volume concentration is 0.05%. The results of the investigation on the field zingiber officinale kimura after 7 days of field treatment by field application are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 insecticidal Effect of different insecticides on the Sesamia furnacalis (Hemsl.) Kuhn
| Medicament | Volume concentration | Correction of incidence of oral cavity decline 7 days after treatment |
| 4.5% beta-cypermethrin | 0.05％ | 66.13％ |
| 20% fenpropathrin | 0.05％ | 20.45％ |
| 25g/L beta-cyfluthrin | 0.05％ | 31.71％ |
| 0.5% emamectin benzoate ME | 0.05％ | 45.44％ |
| Thiamethoxam suspension, the effective component is 25% | 0.05％ | 76.56％ |
As shown in table 4, the thiamethoxam suspension with a volume concentration of 0.05% has a remarkably improved insecticidal effect of 25% of the active ingredient compared with the conventional insecticide.
The pesticide thiamethoxam suspension with different volume concentrations has the insecticidal effect of 25% of the active ingredient, and the investigation result of the field turmeric borer after 7 days of field treatment is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 insecticidal Effect of thiamethoxam suspension on Sesamia furnacalis Guenee in the field at different dilution
As shown in table 5, the thiamethoxam suspension containing 25% of the active ingredient is diluted 4000 times, 2000 times, 1000 times, 500 times and 250 times, and the volume concentrations are 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively, after the field treatment for 7 days, the investigation result of the turmeric in the field shows that the control effect (corrected population reduction rate) of the thiamethoxam suspension containing 25% of the active ingredient is increased by 93.44% along with the reduction of the dilution times of the agents and the increase of the volume concentration with the reduction of the field treatment time (table 5). Therefore, the prevention and treatment results show that the thiamethoxam suspension containing 25% of the active ingredient has a good effect when the volume concentration is 0.4%.
Test example 4
20g/L alginic acid +113g/L (N + P) in the compound medicament2O5+K2O) + B5g/L is 100% natural plant growth activator, can promote the comprehensive development of plant roots and stems, and is widely applied to crops such as green Chinese onions, garlic and the like. The ginger tubers were treated according to the volume concentrations of 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2% and blank control, and the germination rate and seedling height of the ginger were counted 50 days after sowing (Table 6).
TABLE 620 g/L Effect of alginic acid +113g/L (N + P2O5+ K2O) + B5g/L on sprouting and growth of Zingiber officinale
As shown in Table 6, when the volume concentration of the drug is low, the sprouting and growth of the ginger seeds are improved along with the increase of the volume concentration, but when the volume concentration is 20g/L, the alginic acid is +113g/L (N + P)2O5+K2When the volume concentration of O) + B5g/L exceeds 0.3%, the budding and growth of the seed ginger can be inhibited, so that 20g/L alginic acid +113g/L (N + P) is adopted in the invention2O5+K2The concentration of O) + B5g/L is preferably 0.2% to 0.3%.
Test example 5
Spray coating treatment is distinguished from seed soaking:
62.5g/L of fluopicolide, 625g/L of propamocarb hydrochloride, 25g/L of fludioxonil, 37.5g/L of metalaxyl-M and thiamethoxam suspension are mixed to obtain a mixture with 25 percent of effective components and 20g/L of alginic acid and 113g/L (N + P)2O5+K2Adding O) + B5g/L into water for dilution, and mixing uniformly to form a compound preparation; the final concentrations of the oomycete fungicide, the fungus fungicide, the pesticide and the plant growth agent in the compound medicament are respectively as follows: 0.17%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.3%; the compound preparation is treated by soaking seed for 5min and spray coating. After treatment, pregermination was carried out in the laboratory sterile at 25 ℃ and a relative humidity of 75%, and the results show that: after seed soaking and spray coating treatment, the seed ginger is subjected to germination acceleration for 40 days, the germination rate reaches 87.8 percent, and the germination rate difference is not obvious; however, after soaking, the water-dissolving rate of the ginger seeds is increased by 15%, the rotting rate in the germination accelerating process is increased, the rotting rate reaches 8.5%, and the rotting rate of the spray coating is 0.3%, and the difference is obvious (Table 7). The technical difference shows that the ginger seeds are not suitable for seed soaking treatment, so that the water dissolving rate of the ginger seeds is increased, namely the ginger seeds are seriously soaked and diseased.
TABLE 7 Effect of Compound drug spray coating and seed soaking on the onset of Zingiber officinale
| Crops | Coating treatment | Time of treatment | Change of water capacity of tuber | The germination percentage is% | The rotten rate% |
| Ginger seed | Seed soaking | 5min | Increase by 15% | 88.5 | 8.5 |
| Ginger seed | Spray coating | / | Without increasing | 87.8 | 0.3 |
Test example 6
The difference between spray coating treatment and application coating:
62.5g/L of fluopicolide, 625g/L of propamocarb hydrochloride, 25g/L of fludioxonil, 37.5g/L of metalaxyl-M and thiamethoxam suspension are mixed to obtain a mixture with 25 percent of effective components and 20g/L of alginic acid and 113g/L (N + P)2O5+K2Adding O) + B5g/L into water for dilution, and mixing uniformly to form a compound preparation; the final concentrations of the oomycete fungicide, the fungus fungicide, the pesticide and the plant growth agent in the compound medicament are respectively as follows: 0.17%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.3%; the compound preparation is respectively subjected to spray coating treatment and coating treatment, wherein the coating treatment also requires adding adjuvants (quicklime and soybean) into the preparation, and grinding to obtain the seed ginger coating agent. The present invention compares the time and cost for treating 1 ton of ginger stem by spray coating with 1 ton of ginger stem by coating, and the result is shown in table 8, wherein the labor cost and auxiliary material cost for treating 1 ton of ginger stem by coating are 400 yuan, while the labor cost and auxiliary material cost for treating 1 ton of ginger stem by spray coating are only 190 yuan.
TABLE 8 influence of spray coating and smear coating on labor and adjuvant costs
Test example 7
The test variety is the traditional bamboo root ginger cultivated in Sichuan and Chongqing provinces, and the seed ginger coating method compounded by the medicament is adopted according to the ratio of the medicament to the medicament (volume/mass (ml/g)) of 1:50 (group A), 1:100 (group B) and 1: coating the tubers of the bamboo root and ginger seeds with 200 (group C) and 1:400 (group D) to obtain experimental groups; no spray dose was used as control (E). The treated seed ginger tubers are immediately planted in the field, and each sample group is planted with 12m2Row spacing of 30cm, plant spacing of 5cm, random block design, 3 times of repetition.
And (3) carrying out emergence rate statistics 50 days after sowing, investigating the incidence rate of ginger wilt, and carrying out statistics according to NY/T146.31 part 31 of pesticide field efficacy test criteria: the requirements of the bactericide for preventing and treating ginger wilt in the field survey of the field disease index and seedling height, and the statistical results are shown in table 9.
TABLE 9 influence of different drug species on sprouting growth of seed ginger tubers
ab. b, c, d indicate that there is a difference, the larger the difference, the farther away the letter.
As can be seen from Table 9, although the ratio of the seeds of the group A to the seeds of the group A is 1:50, the disease index in the field is reduced, the control effect is the best, the germination rate is reduced, and the growth of seedlings is inhibited; compared with a control group E, the group B, the group C and the group D can effectively improve the germination rate, promote the growth height of plants, greatly reduce the field disease index and have good prevention effect; wherein, compared with the group C and the group D, the group B has the highest germination rate, the lowest field disease index, the best control effect and higher seedling height.
As can be seen from the comparison between the seedling growth effect of the group B of Zhugen ginger in FIG. 4A and the group E in FIG. 4B, the sprouting rate and growth effect of the group B of Zhugen ginger seedlings are significantly better than those of the group E.
The yield, control effect, disease index and morbidity are calculated after the bamboo root ginger is harvested, and the statistical results are shown in table 10.
TABLE 10 influence of coating method of seed ginger compounded with different agents on ginger yield
ab. b, c, d, e indicate that there is a difference, the larger the difference, the farther away the letter.
As shown in table 10, compared to the control group E, the yields of the groups a, B, C and D were all greatly improved, wherein the yield of the group B was the highest, and the yield of the group a was relatively high, but when it germinated, the germination rate was low, and the development of the ginger seeds was inhibited; compared with the groups C and D, the disease incidence rates of the groups A and B are lower than 6%, the disease index is lower, and the control effect is better, so the medicine seed ratio of the group B is the optimal value in consideration of comprehensive medicine cost and the like.
As can be seen from the comparison of the harvesting effect of the group B of the rhizomes zingiberis bambusae of fig. 5A and the group E of fig. 5B, the rhizomes zingiberis bambusae of the group B have good growth vigor, high acre yield and robust plants, which are obviously superior to those of the group E of the group control group.
It is noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for coating the seed ginger by compounding the medicament is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s10, seed ginger tuber screening: in daytime illumination weather with average daily temperature of more than 10 ℃, discharging the seed ginger out of the cellar, and performing manual seed selection to complete seed ginger tuber screening;
s20, preparing a compound medicament: respectively adding an oomycete bactericide, a fungus bactericide, a pesticide and a plant growth agent into water for dilution, and uniformly mixing to form a compound medicament; the final concentrations of the oomycete fungicide, the fungus fungicide, the pesticide and the plant growth agent in the compound medicament are respectively as follows: 0.15-0.2%, 0.025-0.2%, 0.2-0.4%, 0.2-0.3%;
wherein the oomycete bactericide is: 62.5g/L fluopicolide +625g/L propamocarb hydrochloride; the fungus bactericide is as follows: 25g/L fludioxonil +37.5g/L metalaxyl-M; the pesticide is as follows: thiamethoxam suspension, the effective component is 25%; the plant growth agent is as follows: 20g/L alginic acid +113g/L (N + P)2O5+K2O)+B5g/L；
S30, coating seed ginger tubers:
s31: the compound medicament of S20 and the seed ginger tuber of S10 are sprayed and coated according to the medicine seed ratio of 1ml to 50-400 g, and the two sides of the seed ginger tuber are evenly sprayed;
s32: and (3) airing the seed ginger tubers processed by the S31 in the sun for 1-2 hours, turning over the seed ginger tubers, and airing for 1-2 hours until the ginger tubers turn white, so that the seed ginger tubers are coated.
2. The method for coating seed ginger compounded with medicaments according to claim 1, wherein in S10, the illumination intensity of daytime illumination weather reaches 40000Lux to 50000 Lux.
3. The method for coating seed ginger compounded with medicaments according to claim 1, wherein in S10, the artificial seed selection is specifically as follows: selecting the seed ginger which is full in shape and complete in surface, the single tuber of the seed ginger is more than 30g, and xylem below the surface of the seed ginger is not obviously soaked in water, breaking off the seed ginger, washing the seed ginger with clear water to remove soil carried on the surface of the seed ginger, airing the seed ginger in the sun, and finishing screening the seed ginger tubers when the surface of the seed ginger is whitened.
4. The method for coating seed ginger with compounded medicament according to claim 1, wherein in S20, the final concentrations of oomycete fungicide, fungal fungicide, insecticide and plant growth agent in the compounded medicament are respectively as follows: 0.17%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.3%.
5. The method for coating seed ginger with compounded medicament according to claim 1, wherein in S31, the medicament seed ratio is 1ml to 100 g.
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