CN111943761A - Special fertilizer for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas as well as preparation method and application of special fertilizer - Google Patents

Special fertilizer for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas as well as preparation method and application of special fertilizer Download PDF

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CN111943761A
CN111943761A CN202010896445.8A CN202010896445A CN111943761A CN 111943761 A CN111943761 A CN 111943761A CN 202010896445 A CN202010896445 A CN 202010896445A CN 111943761 A CN111943761 A CN 111943761A
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fertilizer
sulfate
winter
jujube
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安晓宁
牛艳
秦国杰
刘毅
左静静
武敏
赵武娟
宋卓琴
郭建民
吴国林
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Institute Of Horticulture Shanxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute Of Horticulture Shanxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and provides a fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas, a preparation method and application thereof, aiming at solving the problems that winter jujube trees in Tibetan Linzhi areas have more blossoms and low fruit setting rate. Is prepared by mixing urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, borax, a microbial agent, corn straws, human and animal dry manure, clay and a fertilizer retention agent according to a certain proportion; wherein: the microbial agent is as follows: mixing azotobacter, potassium bacteria, trichoderma and crude fiber decomposing bacteria in equal parts. Not only contains major elements and trace elements necessary for the growth of the winter jujube tree, but also has rich organic matter content, and promotes the activity of microorganisms around the rhizosphere of the winter jujube. The application effect in the ganoderma lucidum area is good, and the yield and the quality of the winter jujube fruits are improved. While meeting the N, P, K major elements needed by the jujube tree, the trace elements for promoting growth and fruit setting are applied scientifically and balancedly so as to achieve the aim of quality guarantee and yield increase of the jujube tree.

Description

Special fertilizer for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas as well as preparation method and application of special fertilizer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The Tibetan Linzhi area belongs to the plateau humid climate, the average altitude is more than 3000 meters, the annual average temperature is 7-16 ℃, the temperature change is small, the sunshine is less, and the annual precipitation is more. The soil in the area is mainly sandy loam, the colloidal particles are less, the air permeability is good, and the pH value is found to be in a neutral and alkaline state through pH measurement, so that the soil is suitable for the growth of certain fruit trees or crops. However, the temperature is low in the local area for years, which is not beneficial to the activity of soil microorganisms, so that the content of organic matters is influenced, and in addition, the fertilizer is unscientific for a long time, so that the nutrient content of the soil is unbalanced, and the normal growth and development of plants, the yield of fruits and the quality of the fruits are influenced due to the surplus or deficiency of certain elements.
Compared with other fruit trees, the jujube trees have stronger cold resistance and barren resistance, can well adapt to the climate and soil characteristics of the Tibet region, and have better development prospect. However, the phenomenon of more blossoms but low fruit setting rate generally exists in the production of jujubes in Tibetan glossy ganoderma at present, the fruit setting rate of a plurality of jujube gardens is less than 0.5 percent, and the phenomenon of 'flowers but not fruits' is very obvious, so that the jujube fruit yield and the economic loss of fruit growers are caused.
Researches find that the fruit setting rate of the jujubes is not only influenced by N, P, K major elements, but also the regulation and control function of trace elements is very important; in addition, the lack of trace elements in the soil can cause fruit cracking and fruit rusting of the jujube fruits and the occurrence of various nutrient deficiency diseases. Therefore, the fertilizer is suitable for research and development and application of local special fertilizer for jujube trees, and scientific balanced fertilization has important significance for development of jujube industry in Tibet regions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas, a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems that winter jujube trees in Tibetan Linzhi areas have more flowers and low fruit setting rate.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of diammonium phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of borax, 3-5 parts of microbial agent, 30-40 parts of corn straw, 20-25 parts of human and animal dry manure, 10-15 parts of clay and 8-12 parts of fertilizer retention agent; wherein: the microbial agent is as follows: self azotobacter, potassium bacteria, trichoderma and crude fiber decomposing bacteria are mixed according to equal weight parts.
Preferably, the feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of copper sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1 part of borax, 4 parts of a microbial agent, 40 parts of corn straws, 20 parts of human and animal dry manure, 15 parts of clay and 10 parts of a fertilizer retention agent; wherein: the microbial agent is as follows: self azotobacter, potassium bacteria, trichoderma and crude fiber decomposing bacteria are mixed according to equal weight parts.
The azotobacter, potassium bacteria, trichoderma and crude fiber decomposing bacteria are all commercial microbial agents sold in the market, and the name of the azotobacter is azotobacterTMThe number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, produced by Henan Lingxi Biotech Limited; the number of viable bacteria of potassium-decomposing bacteria is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, Guangzhou City micro Biotechnology Ltd; the trichoderma is compound trichoderma; the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 1010cfu/g; manufactured by Guangzhou micro Biotechnology, Inc.; the crude fiber decomposing bacteria are special bacteria for degrading crude fibers; the effective viable count is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 1010cfu/g; shen microbial bacterial culture science and technology, Inc. in salt city.
The fertilizer retention agent is 15-20 parts of corn microporous starch; 10-15 parts of seaweed fertilizer; 4-8 parts of graphene; 2-4 parts of water-absorbent resin.
The preparation method of the fertilizer special for winter jujubes in the Tibetan Linzhi area comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing corn stalk and human and animal dry manure uniformly, fully crushing, controlling the water content of the mixture at 8-12%, and sieving by a 2mm sieve to remove large-volume impurities; 4 microbial agents are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1:1, adding 50-80kg of clear water into 1kg of mixed microbial inoculum for dilution, uniformly spraying the diluted mixed microbial inoculum on 1500-2000kg of crushed material, and uniformly stirring, wherein the water content of the material is less than or equal to 40 percent; stacking and fermenting the uniformly stirred mixture, wherein the stacking height is 1.2-1.7m, covering with plastic cloth, shading, and fermenting at 28-32 deg.C for 3 days;
(2) adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and borax into the fermentation product according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring; and finally, adding clay and a fertilizer retention agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer special for winter jujubes in the Tibetan Linzhi area.
Preferably, the corn straws and the human and animal dry manure are uniformly mixed and then fully crushed, the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 10 percent, and the stacking fermentation is performed in a manner of stacking into a trapezoid; the stacking height was 1.5m and the fermentation temperature was 30 ℃.
The application of the fertilizer special for winter jujubes in the Tibetan forest sesame areas is characterized in that the fertilizer application mode is furrow application, two furrows with the length of 1m, the width of 30cm and the depth of 30cm are symmetrically dug at the outer edge of the projection of a crown, the furrows are basal applied for two times, the fertilizer application period is after the winter jujubes are harvested in the previous year and before the winter jujubes sprout, namely the 10 th lower ten days of the previous year and the 3 rd middle days of the next year, the fertilizer consumption is 7.5 kg/plant each time, and the two times account for 15 kg/plant.
The invention mainly aims at the problem of sandy soil in the Tibet region, has poor water and fertilizer retention capability, and particularly has the nitrogen leakage phenomenon, so that the nitrogen content of the soil is seriously deficient. The invention supplements inorganic nitrogen to soil, and uses fertilizer retention agent and nitrogen-fixing microorganism to satisfy nutrients required by growth of jujube trees and improve the yield and quality of jujube fruits.
Aiming at the phenomena of more blossoms and low fruit setting rate of jujube trees in Tibet regions, according to the absorption rule of nutrient elements in the annual growth period of the jujube trees, the nutrient elements which are necessary for the jujube trees meet N, P, K macroelements, and simultaneously, the nutrient elements which promote growth and fruit setting are scientifically and balancedly applied, so that the purposes of quality guarantee and yield increase of the jujube trees are achieved.
The invention adopts a preparation method combining a biological organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer to improve the organic matter level of soil and the abundance of microorganisms, promotes the improvement of soil fertility and stress resistance of jujube trees after long-term application, has no fertilizer damage, and provides a nutrient basis for improving the quality and the efficiency of the jujube trees.
The invention not only contains major elements and trace elements necessary for the growth of the winter jujube tree, but also has rich organic matter content, thereby promoting the activity of microorganisms around the rhizosphere of the winter jujube. The application effect is good in 4 jujube gardens in the ganoderma lucidum area, and the yield and the quality of the winter jujube fruits are improved to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a fertilization method of winter jujubes in the Tibetan Linzhi area; in the figure: 1-jujube tree position; 2-projection range of the crown of the jujube tree; 3-fertilizing area;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of conventional fertilization and fertilization of the present invention on winter jujube yield;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of fertilization treatment on fruit set percentage of winter jujubes;
FIG. 4 shows the effect of fertilization on the reduced Vc content of winter jujubes;
FIG. 5 is soluble protein assay results;
FIG. 6 shows the results of single fruit weight measurements.
Detailed Description
The soil in the Tibet Linzhi area is collected and nutrient is measured in the early stage, the result is shown in table 1, and the grading standard of the soil data is shown in tables 2 and 3.
Table 1: soil nutrient determination results
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Note: except organic matters, the units of the other elements are mg/kg.
Table 2: soil data grading Standard I
Figure 10098DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Table 3: soil data grading Standard II
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
According to the characteristics and nutrient content of local soil, a fertilizer formula is designed, and the fertilizer is specifically prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of diammonium phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of borax, 3-5 parts of microbial agent, 30-40 parts of corn straw, 20-25 parts of human and animal dry manure, 10-15 parts of clay and 8-12 parts of fertilizer retention agent; wherein: the microbial agent is as follows: self azotobacter, potassium bacteria, trichoderma and crude fiber decomposing bacteria are mixed according to equal weight parts.
The azotobacter, potassium bacteria, trichoderma and crude fiber decomposing bacteria are all commercial microbial agents sold in the market, and the name of the azotobacter is azotobacterTMThe number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, produced by Henan Lingxi Biotech Limited; the number of viable bacteria of potassium-decomposing bacteria is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, Guangzhou City micro Biotechnology Ltd; the trichoderma is compound trichoderma; the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 1010cfu/g; guangzhou city micro biological technology limited corporationProducing; the crude fiber decomposing bacteria are special bacteria for degrading crude fibers; the effective viable count is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 1010cfu/g; shen microbial bacterial culture science and technology, Inc. in salt city.
The fertilizer retention agent is 15-20 parts of corn microporous starch; 10-15 parts of seaweed fertilizer; 4-8 parts of graphene; 2-4 parts of water-absorbent resin.
Example 1: a fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of copper sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1 part of borax, 3 parts of a microbial agent, 35 parts of corn straws, 23 parts of human and animal dry manure, 12 parts of clay and 8 parts of a fertilizer retention agent.
The fertilizer retention agent is 15 parts of corn microporous starch; 10 parts of seaweed fertilizer; 4 parts of graphene; 2 parts of water-absorbent resin were mixed.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing corn straws and human and animal dry manure, fully crushing the mixture, controlling the water content of the mixture to be 10%, and sieving the mixture by a 2mm sieve to remove large-volume impurities; 4 microbial agents are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1:1, adding 50-80kg of clear water into 1kg of mixed microbial inoculum for dilution, uniformly spraying the diluted mixed microbial inoculum on 1500-2000kg of crushed material, and uniformly stirring, wherein the water content of the material is less than or equal to 40 percent; performing trapezoidal stacking fermentation on the uniformly stirred mixture, wherein the stacking height is 1.5m, finally covering and shading by using plastic cloth, and fermenting for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃;
(2) adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and borax into the fermentation product according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring; and finally, adding clay and a fertilizer retention agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer special for winter jujubes in the Tibetan Linzhi area.
Example 2: a fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of urea, 1 part of diammonium phosphate, 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.15 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.15 part of zinc sulfate, 0.15 part of copper sulfate, 0.15 part of manganese sulfate, 0.15 part of borax, 4 parts of a microbial agent, 40 parts of corn straws, 20 parts of human and animal dry manure, 15 parts of clay and 10 parts of a fertilizer retention agent.
The fertilizer retention agent is 20 parts of corn microporous starch; 12 parts of seaweed fertilizer; 8 parts of graphene; 4 parts of water-absorbent resin were mixed.
Uniformly mixing corn straws and human and animal dry manure, and then fully crushing, controlling the water content of the mixture to be 8%, and fermenting in a manner of stacking into a trapezoid in the stacking fermentation; the stacking height was 1.2m and the fermentation temperature was 28 ℃. Other steps are as described above.
Example 3: a fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of urea, 2 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.2 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2 part of copper sulfate, 0.2 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2 part of borax, 5 parts of a microbial agent, 30 parts of corn straws, 25 parts of human and animal dry manure, 10 parts of clay and 12 parts of a fertilizer retention agent.
The fertilizer retention agent is 18 parts of corn microporous starch; 15 parts of seaweed fertilizer; 6 parts of graphene; 3 parts of water-absorbent resin were mixed.
Uniformly mixing corn straws and human and animal dry manure, fully crushing, controlling the water content of the mixture to be 12%, and fermenting in a trapezoidal stacking manner by stacking fermentation; the stacking height was 1.7m and the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃. Other steps are as described above.
Experimental example: the method is respectively applied to 4 jujube garden bases in the Tibetan glossy ganoderma area, each base is about 5 mu, and the planting density is about 100 plants/mu. The fertilizer described in the example 1 is applied in a furrow application mode, furrows with the length of 1m, the width of 30cm and the depth of 30cm are symmetrically dug on two sides of the projected edge of the crown respectively, the two sides of the projected edge of the crown are symmetrically arranged by taking the crown as a central point, the fertilization period is that the fertilizer is applied after the winter jujubes are harvested in the previous year and is applied twice before the winter jujubes are germinated (in the late 10 months and the middle 3 months in the next year), the fertilizer consumption is 7.5 kg/plant each time, and the two times account for 15 kg/plant. And the Contrast (CK) adopts the general organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for fruit trees on the market, and the fertilizing time, the fertilizing mode and the using amount are all consistent with those of the special fertilizer.
And (4) counting results:
1. the jujube yield is as follows: the method for calculating the yield of the winter jujube fruits comprises the following steps: 10 winter jujube trees (5 jujube trees are respectively fertilized and CK in the invention, the tree ages and management of the jujube trees in the base are consistent) are respectively and randomly selected in each test base, and then 80 ripe jujube fruits (20 jujube fruits in each direction) are randomly picked in four different directions of south, east, west and north of each tree. Calculating the average single fruit weight after being weighed by an 1/100 electronic scale; and simultaneously counting the number of the jujube fruits on the selected jujube trees. Yield = average individual fruit weight × number of jujube fruits per plant × 100 plants/acre. The results of the yield calculations are shown in table 4 and fig. 2.
Table 4: winter jujube yield calculation result
Figure 114189DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Note: in the table, lower case letters are indicated inpThe difference was significant at the < 0.05 level, as follows.
The results of the jujube garden fertilization test show that compared with the control, the fertilizer improves the yield of winter jujubes to a certain extent, and after the fertilizer is applied, the yield of the winter jujubes in 4 jujube gardens is increased by 6.6%, 8.1%, 3.1% and 6.0%, wherein the yield of the rice forest farm 2 is increased to a significant level.
2. The fruit setting rate of the jujubes is as follows: 10 jujube trees (5 trees for fertilizing and CK in the invention) are randomly selected from each jujube garden, 20 jujube hangers are randomly picked from each tree, the total number of the jujube hangers is 100, the number of winter jujube fruits on the jujube hangers is counted, and the test is set to be repeated for 3 times. Fruit set rate = date number/100. The test is completed before winter jujube is ripe and picked. The results of the experiment are shown in table 5 and fig. 3.
Table 5: statistical result of fruit setting rate of jujube
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Compared with the conventional fertilizer application, the fertilizer application of the invention has the advantages that the winter jujube fruit setting rate in the jujube orchard 1 distributed in the Jiuxiang is not increased, the winter jujube fruit setting rate in the three jujube gardens of the Milin farm 1, the Milin farm 2 and the Jiuxiang 2 is increased, the improvement rates respectively reach 7.01%, 3.92% and 8.89%, but the increase effects reach obvious levels. On the whole, the fertilizer application of the invention plays a certain role in promoting the fruit setting rate of winter jujubes in the ganoderma lucidum areas.
3. The Vc content of the jujube fruits: vc is an important physiological index for evaluating fruit quality, and as a reducing agent, it is also an essential vitamin for human beings to maintain normal physiological activities. In the test, the Vc content of winter jujube fruits in a glossy ganoderma region is measured by a molybdenum blue colorimetric method, 30 completely ripe jujube fruits (15 fruits respectively for fertilization and CK in the invention) are randomly collected in 4 winter jujube gardens respectively in the ripe period of the jujube fruits (middle and last ten days of 2019 months), peeled and denucleated, pulp is added with oxalic acid-EDTA for grinding and filtering to obtain a jujube fruit extracting solution, the reduced Vc content is measured by using a spectrophotometric method (705 nm), and the steps are repeated for 5 times. The results are shown in Table 6 and FIG. 4.
Table 6: vc content measurement results
Figure 893926DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The results show that the Vc content of the winter jujube fruits in 4 jujube gardens is improved to different degrees by applying the fertilizer, wherein the improvement effects of the rice forest farm 2 and the Jiuxiang farm 2 are obvious, the Vc content of the jujube fruits is respectively increased by 9.52 percent and 6.37 percent, and the Vc content of the jujube fruits is increased by the weight percentage of the jujube trees in the jujube gardenspSignificant levels have been reached at the < 0.05 level. Therefore, the results show that the fertilizer and the fertilizing mode of the invention are beneficial to the synthesis and accumulation of the winter jujube pulp Vc in the ganoderma lucidum region.
4. The ratio of jujube to sugar acid is as follows: the test material is 4 ripe winter jujube fruits (peeled pulp) in a jujube garden, 20 jujube fruits are randomly picked for each index, and the operation is repeated for 5 times. The test data are shown in table 7, and the results show that the application of the fertilizer of the invention can increase the content of winter jujube pulp soluble solids, wherein the milin farm 1 and the jujuxiang 2 reach a significant level compared with the conventional fertilization (CK); in addition, the invention obviously reduces the titratable acid content of the winter jujube fruits in the cloth Jiuxiang 1 and the cloth Jiuxiang 2, and the influence on the total acid content of other two jujube gardens is not obvious. From the calculation result of the sugar-acid ratio, the 4 jujube orchard fruits subjected to fertilization treatment are higher than CK, and the increase rates of the 4 jujube orchard fruits subjected to fertilization treatment are respectively 5.31%, 7.64%, 32.11% and 39.17%. The fertilizer application of the invention has obvious influence on the ratio of the date to the sugar to the acid in the jujube garden in the long-time countryside.
Table 7: sugar-acid ratio measurement results
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Note: different lower case letters represent soluble solids inpSignificant differences at the < 0.05 level; different capital letters represent titratable acids inpThe difference was significant at the < 0.05 level.
5. The protein content of the jujube fruit is as follows: respectively randomly picking 20 mature winter jujube fruits (10 mature winter jujube fruits respectively for fertilizing and CK in the invention) in 4 jujube gardens, peeling, taking pulp, mixing, accurately weighing 0.5g of fresh sample, and measuring, wherein the test method adopts a Coomassie brilliant blue method and repeats for 5 times. The results of the experiment are shown in fig. 5 and table 8.
Table 8: results of protein content determination
Figure 654248DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
The soluble protein determination result shows that except the rice forest farm 2, after the other 3 jujube gardens are applied with the special fertilizer in winter, the soluble protein content of the jujube fruits is increased to some extent, but the soluble protein content does not reach the obvious level, wherein the jujube garden 1 in Jiuxiang has the most obvious improvement effect, and the improvement rate reaches 27.9%.
6. Jujube fruit weight and fruit type index: the single fruit weight and the fruit shape index of winter jujubes in 4 jujube gardens are respectively analyzed and measured by using a vernier caliper and a 0.01 electronic scale, 10 jujube trees (5 fertilizer application and CK in the invention) are randomly selected in each jujube garden, mature winter jujube fruits (20 fruits/fruit) are randomly collected on branches of the jujube trees in different directions and repeated for 3 times, the fruit shape index = fruit longitudinal diameter/fruit transverse diameter, and the specific data are shown in a table 9, a table 10 and a figure 6.
Table 9: statistical result of jujube fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Table 10: calculation result of fruit shape index
Figure 530937DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The test results show that compared with conventional fertilization, the fertilization treatment of the invention obviously improves the single fruit weight of the winter jujubes in the rice forest farm 2, has a certain promotion effect on the single fruit weight of other 3 jujube gardens, but does not reach an obvious level; although the single fruit weight of the winter jujubes is increased by the fertilizer application, the fertilizer application has little influence on the fruit shape of the winter jujubes, the fruit shape indexes of the winter jujubes in 4 jujube gardens are all kept about 1, and the shape of the winter jujubes is approximate to a circle or slightly oblate.
In conclusion, the fertilizer disclosed by the invention not only contains major elements and trace elements necessary for growth of the winter jujube trees, but also has very rich organic matter content, and promotes microbial activities around the roots of the winter jujubes. The application effect is good in 4 jujube gardens in the ganoderma lucidum area, and the yield and the quality of the winter jujube fruits are improved to a certain extent.

Claims (7)

1. A fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas is characterized in that: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of diammonium phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of borax, 3-5 parts of microbial agent, 30-40 parts of corn straw, 20-25 parts of human and animal dry manure, 10-15 parts of clay and 8-12 parts of fertilizer retention agent; wherein: the microbial agent is as follows: self azotobacter, potassium bacteria, trichoderma and crude fiber decomposing bacteria are mixed according to equal weight parts.
2. The fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan glossy ganoderma as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of copper sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1 part of borax, 4 parts of a microbial agent, 40 parts of corn straws, 20 parts of human and animal dry manure, 15 parts of clay and 10 parts of a fertilizer retention agent; wherein: the microbial agent is as follows: self azotobacter, potassium bacteria, trichoderma and crude fiber decomposing bacteria are mixed according to equal weight parts.
3. The fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi region as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing the above raw materialsIn the following steps: the free-living azotobacter and potassium bacteria are separated from the soil around the rhizosphere of winter jujube in the area of ganoderma lucidum, the separation culture medium adopts an Alexandrium nitrogen-free culture medium and a potassium feldspar powder culture medium respectively, the separated and purified strains are respectively transferred to a liquid beef extract peptone culture medium, the culture is carried out for 50 hours at the temperature of 28 ℃ at 160 r/min, and the concentration of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to 108 cfu/mL, OD is more than or equal to 0.5, and the mixture is stored in a sealed manner for later use; the trichoderma and crude fiber decomposing bacteria are commercialized powder, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108One per gram.
4. The fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan glossy ganoderma as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fertilizer retention agent is 15-20 parts of corn microporous starch; 10-15 parts of seaweed fertilizer; 4-8 parts of graphene; 2-4 parts of water-absorbent resin.
5. The method for preparing the fertilizer special for winter jujubes in the Tibetan Linzhi area as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing corn stalk and human and animal dry manure uniformly, fully crushing, controlling the water content of the mixture at 8-12%, and sieving by a 2mm sieve to remove large-volume impurities; 4 microbial agents are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1:1, adding 50-80kg of clear water into 1kg of mixed microbial inoculum for dilution, uniformly spraying the diluted mixed microbial inoculum on 1500-2000kg of crushed material, and uniformly stirring, wherein the water content of the material is less than or equal to 40 percent; stacking and fermenting the uniformly stirred mixture, wherein the stacking height is 1.2-1.7m, covering with plastic cloth, shading, and fermenting at 28-32 deg.C for 3 days;
(2) adding urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and borax into the fermentation product according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring; and finally, adding clay and a fertilizer retention agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer special for winter jujubes in the Tibetan Linzhi area.
6. The method for preparing the fertilizer special for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi area according to claim 5, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: uniformly mixing corn straws and human and animal dry manure, fully crushing, controlling the water content of the mixture to be 10%, and fermenting in a trapezoidal stacking manner by stacking fermentation; the stacking height was 1.5m and the fermentation temperature was 30 ℃.
7. The application of the fertilizer special for winter jujubes in the Tibetan Linzhi area in the winter jujubes in the Tibetan Linzhi area as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the fertilizing mode is furrow application, two furrows with the length of 1m, the width of 30cm and the depth of 30cm are symmetrically dug at the outer edge of the projection of the crown, the furrow application is performed by two times, the fertilizing period is after the winter jujubes are harvested in the previous year and before the winter jujubes sprout, namely the late 10 months in the previous year and the middle 3 months in the next year, the fertilizer consumption is 7.5 kg/plant each time, and the two times account for 15 kg/plant.
CN202010896445.8A 2020-08-31 2020-08-31 Special fertilizer for winter jujubes in Tibetan Linzhi areas as well as preparation method and application of special fertilizer Pending CN111943761A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102433367A (en) * 2011-09-26 2012-05-02 西北大学 Preparation method of microporous starch having high specific surface area
CN102584477A (en) * 2012-03-27 2012-07-18 贾洪涛 Slowly-releasing water conservation biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer particles and production method thereof
CN109678608A (en) * 2019-02-19 2019-04-26 安徽瑞虎肥业有限公司 A kind of biomass fertilizers fertilizer-keeping agent and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102433367A (en) * 2011-09-26 2012-05-02 西北大学 Preparation method of microporous starch having high specific surface area
CN102584477A (en) * 2012-03-27 2012-07-18 贾洪涛 Slowly-releasing water conservation biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer particles and production method thereof
CN109678608A (en) * 2019-02-19 2019-04-26 安徽瑞虎肥业有限公司 A kind of biomass fertilizers fertilizer-keeping agent and preparation method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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牛艳等: "冬枣标准化栽培及优质丰产关键技术", 《农业开发与装备》 *
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Application publication date: 20201117