CN111943669A - 一种溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111943669A
CN111943669A CN202010779795.6A CN202010779795A CN111943669A CN 111943669 A CN111943669 A CN 111943669A CN 202010779795 A CN202010779795 A CN 202010779795A CN 111943669 A CN111943669 A CN 111943669A
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张守阳
丛龙康
顾生越
李伟
李贺军
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法，工艺过程如下：将四氯化铪(HfCl4)和水合硝酸镧(La(NO3)3·xH2O)溶于去离子水中，充分搅拌后，加入一定量的柠檬酸粉末，在50～80℃条件下搅拌1～3h，形成溶胶；称取一定量的乙二醇溶于步骤一获得溶液中，在70～90℃条件下搅拌2～4h，形成凝胶；步骤三：步骤二所获得凝胶充分干燥，置于温度为800～100℃的条件下煅烧8～10h，即可获得铪酸镧(La2Hf2O7)粉体。本发明所述的制备工艺具有合成粉体化学成分可控、锻烧温度偏低、均匀性好和纯度高等优点。

Description

一种溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于粉体合成领域，涉及一种溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法。
背景技术
具有烧绿石结构的A2B2O7三元稀土氧化物所表现出高度的结构灵活性(通过掺杂和控制工艺来改变结构成分)，高阳离子电导率、阻热性、热化学稳定性以及可承受长时间辐射后仍可保持完整的晶体结构等一系列优异的化学和物理性能，广泛地被用做电化学器件、隔热涂层、高温固体氧化物燃料电池中的固体电解质、中子吸收和核废料存储材料。然而，镧系稀土铪酸盐在A2B2O7族氧化物中很少被研究，其中，铪酸镧(La2Hf2O7)作为稀土铪酸盐类氧化物中热力学最稳定的物质，因此，研究La2Hf2O7的制备工艺对研究铪酸镧晶体的演变和晶体局部结构的形成以及其物理和化学性能具有重要的基础意义。
文献1“López-Cota,F.A.,et al.,Electrical and thermophysical propertiesof mechanochemically obtained lanthanide hafnates[J].Journal of the AmericanCeramic Society,2017.100(5):1994-2004.”采用了高能球磨和热压烧结的方法制备了铪酸钐和铪酸铕陶瓷，其工艺是将氧化铪、氧化钐和氧化铕其进行球磨，随后进行冷压成型，最后在温度为1500℃的条件下处理10h；此工艺制备周期较长，反应温度较高。
文献2“Popov,V.V.,et al.,La2Hf2O7 crystal and local structure changeson the fluorite -pyrochlore phase transition[J].Journal of Physics:ConferenceSeries,2016.747.”使用共沉淀法制备得到La2Hf2O7粉末，该方法在制备过程中很容易混入杂质，产生晶粒异常长大和团聚现象。
在专利号CN201010611587.1和专利号CN201910929796.1中分别公开了使用固相法制备铪酸镧钇和铪酸铕陶瓷粉体，该工艺存在能耗大、效率低、粉体不够细、易混入杂质等问题。
溶胶凝胶法作为一种液相反应法，可以实现反应物在纳米尺度上的扩散，与在微米尺度下进行地固相反应相比，化学反应更易进行，反应可在较低温度下进行；此外，溶胶凝胶法还能够精确的控制反应物的比例，可以有效的避免杂质的引入。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
为了避免现有技术的不足之处，本发明提出一种溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法。
技术方案
一种溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法，其特征在于步骤如下：
步骤1：将四氯化铪HfCl4和水合硝酸镧La(NO3)3·xH2O溶于去离子水中，搅拌1～2h，将柠檬酸粉末溶于混合溶液中，将混合溶液置于温度为50～80℃恒温水浴锅中搅拌1～3h，形成溶胶；所述铪镧元素摩尔比为1:1；所述铪镧离子与柠檬酸以摩尔比计，Hf4+与La3+离子共计1份，柠檬酸为1～2份；
步骤2：加入乙二醇溶液置于温度为70～90℃恒温水浴锅中蒸发搅拌2～4h，形成凝胶；所述的乙二醇与柠檬酸以摩尔比计，称取柠檬酸为1份，乙二醇为1份～3份；
步骤3：将凝胶在100～130℃的条件下充分干燥的粉末研碎，放于温度为800～100℃的条件下煅烧8～10h，得倒铪酸镧粉体。
所述步骤3充分干燥12h。
所述步骤1中的铪镧化物与去离子水以质量比计，称取HfCl4和La(NO3)3·xH2O共计1份，去离子水为5～15份。
所述步骤3煅烧时的升温速率为5℃/min～10℃/min。
有益效果
本发明提出的一种溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法，工艺过程如下：将四氯化铪(HfCl4)和水合硝酸镧(La(NO3)3·xH2O)溶于去离子水中，充分搅拌后，加入一定量的柠檬酸粉末，在50～80℃条件下搅拌1～3h，形成溶胶；称取一定量的乙二醇溶于步骤一获得溶液中，在70～90℃条件下搅拌2～4h，形成凝胶；步骤三：步骤二所获得凝胶充分干燥，置于温度为800～100℃的条件下煅烧8～10h，即可获得铪酸镧(La2Hf2O7)粉体。
溶胶凝胶法制备La2Hf2O7陶瓷的主要特点是：因所用原料被均匀地分散在溶剂中形成溶胶，故反应物可在分子水平上均与地混合，获得分子水平上的均匀性，进而可以制备成分均匀可控的纳米尺度陶瓷颗粒。此外，因溶胶凝胶法可以实现反应物在纳米尺度上的扩散，与在微米尺度下进行地固相反应相比，化学反应更易进行，反应可在较低温度下进行。图1为合成的La2Hf2O7粉体的SEM形貌图，从图1可知，使用溶胶凝胶法制备得到的陶瓷粉体地平均粒径约为100nm左右，颗粒分布较为均匀；图2为合成的La2Hf2O7粉体的XRD图谱，从图2可知，本发明制备得到的La2Hf2O7陶瓷粉末的纯度较高，无其他二次相出现，晶体结晶度高。图3为合成的陶瓷粉体的Ramon光谱图，从图3可知，制备得到La2Hf2O7陶瓷为典型地烧绿石结构。
本发明所述的制备工艺具有合成粉体化学成分可控、锻烧温度偏低、均匀性好和纯度高等优点。
附图说明
图1为合成的La2Hf2O7粉体的SEM形貌图
图2为合成的La2Hf2O7粉体的XRD图谱
图3为合成的La2Hf2O7粉体的拉曼光谱图
具体实施方式
现结合实施例、附图对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例1：
本实施例一种熔盐法合成La2Hf2O7粉体的制备方法。
步骤1：称取一定量四氯化铪(HfCl4)和水合硝酸镧(La(NO3)3·xH2O)，保证铪镧元素摩尔比为1:1，溶于按铪镧化物与去离子水质量比为1:5～15的去离子水中，充分搅拌1～2h，按铪镧离子与柠檬酸摩尔比为1:1～2的计量比称取柠檬酸粉末溶于混合溶液中，将混合溶液置于温度为50～80℃恒温水浴锅中搅拌1～3h，形成溶胶。
步骤2：按乙二醇与柠檬酸摩尔比为1:1，称取一定量的乙二醇溶液倒入步骤一所获得的溶液中，置于温度为70～90℃恒温水浴锅中蒸发搅拌2～4h，形成凝胶。
步骤3：将步骤二所获得凝胶置于100～130℃的条件下充分干燥12h，将干燥的好的粉末研碎，放入在以升温速率为5℃/min～10℃/min升至800～1000℃的热处理炉中，保温8～10h，即可获得铪酸镧粉体。
实施例2：
本实施例一种熔盐法合成La2Hf2O7粉体的制备方法。
步骤1：称取一定量四氯化铪(HfCl4)和水合硝酸镧(La(NO3)3·xH2O)，保证铪镧元素摩尔比为1:1，溶于按铪镧化物与去离子水质量比为1:5～15的去离子水中，充分搅拌1～2h，按铪镧离子与柠檬酸摩尔比为1:1～2的计量比称取柠檬酸粉末溶于混合溶液中，将混合溶液置于温度为50～80℃恒温水浴锅中搅拌1～3h，形成溶胶。
步骤2：按乙二醇与柠檬酸摩尔比为1:2，称取一定量的乙二醇溶液倒入步骤一所获得的溶液中，置于温度为70～90℃恒温水浴锅中蒸发搅拌2～4h，形成凝胶。
步骤3：将步骤二所获得凝胶置于100～130℃的条件下充分干燥12h，将干燥的好的粉末研碎，放入在以升温速率为5℃/min～10℃/min升至800～1000℃的热处理炉中，保温8～10h，即可获得铪酸镧粉体。
实施例3：
本实施例一种熔盐法合成La2Hf2O7粉体的制备方法。
步骤1：称取一定量四氯化铪(HfCl4)和水合硝酸镧(La(NO3)3·xH2O)，保证铪镧元素摩尔比为1:1，溶于按铪镧化物与去离子水质量比为1:5～15的去离子水中，充分搅拌1～2h，按铪镧离子与柠檬酸摩尔比为1:1～2的计量比称取柠檬酸粉末溶于混合溶液中，将混合溶液置于温度为50～80℃恒温水浴锅中搅拌1～3h，形成溶胶。
步骤2：按乙二醇与柠檬酸摩尔比为1:3，称取一定量的乙二醇溶液倒入步骤一所获得的溶液中，置于温度为70～90℃恒温水浴锅中蒸发搅拌2～4h，形成凝胶。
步骤3：将步骤二所获得凝胶置于100～130℃的条件下充分干燥12h，将干燥的好的粉末研碎，放入在以升温速率为5℃/min～10℃/min升至800～1000℃的热处理炉中，保温8～10h，即可获得铪酸镧粉体。

Claims (4)

1.一种溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法，其特征在于步骤如下：
步骤1：将四氯化铪HfCl4和水合硝酸镧La(NO3)3·xH2O溶于去离子水中，搅拌1～2h，将柠檬酸粉末溶于混合溶液中，将混合溶液置于温度为50～80℃恒温水浴锅中搅拌1～3h，形成溶胶；所述铪镧元素摩尔比为1:1；所述铪镧离子与柠檬酸以摩尔比计，Hf4+与La3+离子共计1份，柠檬酸为1～2份；
步骤2：加入乙二醇溶液置于温度为70～90℃恒温水浴锅中蒸发搅拌2～4h，形成凝胶；所述的乙二醇与柠檬酸以摩尔比计，称取柠檬酸为1份，乙二醇为1份～3份；
步骤3：将凝胶在100～130℃的条件下充分干燥的粉末研碎，放于温度为800～100℃的条件下煅烧8～10h，得倒铪酸镧粉体。
2.根据权利要求1所述溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3充分干燥12h。
3.根据权利要求1所述溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1中的铪镧化物与去离子水以质量比计，称取HfCl4和La(NO3)3·xH2O共计1份，去离子水为5～15份。
4.根据权利要求1所述溶胶凝胶法合成铪酸镧粉体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3煅烧时的升温速率为5℃/min～10℃/min。
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