CN111940693A - Die casting method and die casting device - Google Patents
Die casting method and die casting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111940693A CN111940693A CN202010641678.3A CN202010641678A CN111940693A CN 111940693 A CN111940693 A CN 111940693A CN 202010641678 A CN202010641678 A CN 202010641678A CN 111940693 A CN111940693 A CN 111940693A
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- casting
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- laser cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2076—Cutting-off equipment for sprues or ingates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a die casting method and a die casting device. The die casting method comprises the following steps: s10, pressurizing and flushing the molten metal into the cavity of the die; s20, after the molten metal is solidified to form a casting, demolding the casting; s30 cutting the casting by laser cutting. The die-casting device includes die-casting machine and laser cutting portion, the die-casting machine is used for die-casting out the foundry goods, laser cutting portion is used for right the foundry goods carries out laser cutting. According to the die-casting method, after the casting is demoulded, the casting is cut in a laser cutting mode to remove materials, and compared with a conventional material removing mode, the laser cutting accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to a die-casting method and a die-casting device.
Background
Die casting is a metal casting process, and molten metal is flushed into a cavity of a die at high pressure for cooling and forming. Compared with the traditional casting technology, the casting formed by the die casting process has higher surface flatness, better size consistency and higher tensile strength, so the die casting is more and more widely applied. In general, after the die casting is demolded, it is necessary to remove excess materials such as runners and slag ladles in the casting to obtain a blank. In the related art, the runner and the slag ladle are generally removed by hydraulic pliers or hammering, however, the accuracy of the methods is low, and the removal of the material is not complete or excessive.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a die-casting method, in the die-casting method, the die-cast casting is subjected to laser cutting to remove redundant materials, and the precision of removing the materials is higher.
The invention also provides a die-casting device, wherein the redundant material of the casting is removed through laser cutting, and the precision is higher.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a die casting method, including the steps of:
s10, pressurizing and flushing the molten metal into the cavity of the die;
s20, after the molten metal is solidified to form a casting, demolding the casting;
s30 cutting the casting by laser cutting.
The die casting method provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: according to the die-casting method, after the casting is demoulded, the casting is cut in a laser cutting mode to remove materials, and compared with a conventional material removing mode, the laser cutting accuracy is higher.
According to the die-casting method of other embodiments of the present invention, in step S30, a fan is provided, and the temperature of the casting is cooled by the fan when the casting is cut.
According to the die-casting method of the other embodiments of the invention, a first mechanical arm and a second mechanical arm are provided, the casting is taken and placed through the first mechanical arm, and the laser cutting part is driven to cut through the second mechanical arm.
According to the die-casting method of other embodiments of the present invention, between steps S10 and S20, further comprising step S11: and pressurizing the cavity.
According to the die casting method of further embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the cavity is controlled by a die temperature controller when the molten metal is solidified.
According to the die-casting method of other embodiments of the present invention, between steps S20 and S30, further comprising step S21: and detecting the integrity of the casting in an infrared detection mode.
According to the die-casting method of other embodiments of the present invention, between steps S20 and S30, further comprising step S22: and arranging a cooling liquid tank, and placing the casting in the cooling liquid tank for cooling.
According to the die-casting method of other embodiments of the present invention, between steps S20 and S30, further comprising step S22: and arranging a fan, and cooling the casting by the fan.
According to the die-casting method of other embodiments of the present invention, before the step S10, the method further includes the step S00: and spraying a release agent to the surface of the cavity.
According to the die-casting method of other embodiments of the present invention, between steps S20 and S30, further comprising step S23: and setting a laser marking machine, and carrying out laser marking on the casting through the laser marking machine.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a die-casting apparatus including a die-casting machine configured to die-cast a casting, and a laser cutting section configured to laser cut the casting.
The die casting device provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: in the die-casting device, after the casting is demoulded, the casting is cut by the laser cutting part to remove materials, and compared with a conventional material removing mode, the precision of laser cutting is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a die casting method in the first embodiment.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if an orientation description is referred to, for example, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if a feature is referred to as being "disposed", "fixed", "connected", or "mounted" to another feature, it may be directly disposed, fixed, or connected to the other feature or may be indirectly disposed, fixed, connected, or mounted to the other feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if "a number" is referred to, it means one or more, if "a plurality" is referred to, it means two or more, if "greater than", "less than" or "more than" is referred to, it is understood that the number is not included, and if "greater than", "lower" or "inner" is referred to, it is understood that the number is included. If reference is made to "first" or "second", this should be understood to distinguish between features and not to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of indicated features or to implicitly indicate the precedence of the indicated features.
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of a die casting method in a first embodiment is shown. Firstly, a metal ingot is put into a smelting furnace to be melted into molten metal, and the molten metal is kept warm for a period of time so as to enable the internal structure form of the metal ingot to be more stable. In addition, some elements can be added into the molten metal during smelting to improve the fluidity of the molten metal and the strength of the cast after forming, and the specific adding type and weight can be determined according to the material of the molten metal and the strength requirement of the cast.
And after the smelting is finished, pouring the molten metal into a heat preservation furnace through a charging bucket vehicle for heat preservation so as to prevent the temperature of the molten metal from being too low during pouring. And during pouring, pouring the molten metal into the feeding part, and feeding the molten metal into a charging barrel of a die casting machine through the feeding part to prepare for die casting. The feeding part can directly select a cross beam type soup feeder, and a soup ladle of the cross beam type soup feeder pours molten metal into a charging barrel of a die casting machine.
In some embodiments, the molten metal can also be poured into a casting ladle from a smelting furnace, subjected to slag skimming, subjected to impurity removal and then poured so as to improve the quality of castings. Specifically, a slag collecting agent is scattered into the casting ladle, the molten metal is stirred by a slag removing rod, impurities in the molten metal float to the surface of the molten metal, and then the impurities are removed by the slag removing rod. After removing impurities, the casting ladle is conveyed to the upper part of a feeding barrel of a die casting machine through a conveying part, and molten metal is poured into the feeding barrel.
In some embodiments, an insulating layer can be arranged outside the charging barrel to insulate the charging barrel so as to prevent the temperature of the molten metal from dropping too fast. Or a mould temperature controller can be arranged to control the temperature of the feeding barrel.
After molten metal is poured into a feeding barrel of a die casting machine, an injection part of the die casting machine starts to work, an injection head injects the molten metal into a cavity of a die at high pressure, and parameters such as injection speed and the like can be adjusted according to different die designs. The injection head is provided with a pressure regulating valve and other components for regulating the current injection pressure.
In some embodiments, a mold temperature controller can be further arranged to increase the temperature in the mold cavity of the mold, reduce the temperature difference between the mold cavity and the molten metal, and avoid the phenomenon that the temperature is reduced too fast due to chilling when the molten metal enters the supercooled mold cavity, so that the defects of cold shut and the like in the casting are overcome, and the quality of the casting is improved.
In some embodiments, after the injection head injects the molten metal into the cavity under high pressure, the molten metal can be continuously pressurized into the cavity by the injection head, and the molten metal can be cooled under high pressure to improve defects in the casting and improve the quality of the casting.
In some embodiments, cooling tubes may be placed in the mold cavity at certain locations to control the rate of solidification in different areas of the casting. Specifically, if the strength requirement on a certain part of the casting is higher, the cooling pipe can be arranged in the cavity corresponding to the region, so that the solidification speed of the region is accelerated, the loosening defect caused by expansion with heat and contraction with cold in the region is reduced, and the mechanical property of the part is improved through fine grain strengthening.
And (3) keeping the metal liquid in the cavity and standing for a period of time to ensure that the metal liquid can be fully solidified and formed in the cavity. And after the molten metal is solidified to form a casting, opening the mold, and ejecting the casting outwards out of the cavity of the mold through an ejector plate on the mold.
After the casting is demoulded, the die is closed again, and the next pouring and solidification forming are carried out. In some embodiments, a layer of release agent can be sprayed on the surface of a mold cavity of a mold before mold closing, after molten metal enters the mold cavity, a diaphragm layer of the release agent separates the molten metal from the mold, and after the molten metal is solidified to form a casting, the molten metal is not easy to adhere to the surface of the mold cavity during mold releasing, so that the mold releasing is smoother. The type of the release agent can be selected according to the material of the molten metal, and the release agent needs to be difficult to decompose and wear and has good heat resistance and the like.
In some embodiments, after the casting is demolded, it is necessary to perform a preliminary inspection to determine the integrity of its shape. Specifically, an infrared detection part is arranged, and whether the casting is lost or not and whether the shape is complete or not is detected through infrared scanning. If the shape is complete, the subsequent steps can be performed, and if the shape is incomplete, the waste is sent to a waste collection area. When the waste products are collected to a certain quantity, the waste products can be sent to a smelting furnace and then returned to the furnace for smelting, so that the material utilization rate is improved, and the cost is reduced. Of course, other methods capable of shape detection than infrared detection are also possible.
After the casting is demoulded, the temperature is still in a higher range, and the size of the casting is unstable at the moment, so that the subsequent processes are influenced, and therefore, the casting needs to be cooled to be basically close to the room temperature.
In some embodiments, a fan may be provided on one side of the casting that blows air toward the casting to increase the cooling rate of the casting. Alternatively, a plurality of fans may be provided around the casting to further accelerate cooling.
In some embodiments, a cooling liquid tank may also be provided, and cooling liquid is placed in the cooling liquid tank, for example, water may be selected as the cooling liquid. And (3) placing the casting into a cooling liquid tank, and soaking for a certain time to accelerate cooling, wherein the soaking time can be adjusted according to the size and the structural complexity of the casting.
In addition, product information labels need to be printed on the surface of the casting, two-dimensional codes, production dates, parameters and the like can be printed, and the production process of the product can be traced. In some embodiments, a laser marking machine may be provided to laser mark the surface of the casting. The laser marking is non-contact processing, does not produce mechanical extrusion, is not easy to damage the casting, and has the advantages of high marking speed, low cost and high processing precision. Of course, other conventional marking methods than laser marking are also possible.
In addition, the casting needs to be cut to remove excess material such as gates and runners to obtain a blank. And placing the casting on a cutting table, clamping the casting through a clamp, and adjusting the casting to a preset position so as to align the cutting part. The laser cutting part can be selected for cutting, specifically, the appearance graph of the blank is recorded into a control system of the laser cutting part, the starting point of the laser cutting head is adjusted, the starting point is aligned with the starting cutting point of the casting, and the starting cutting point of the casting can be determined by self. Then, the control system controls the laser cutting head to move along the path of the outline drawing of the blank, and the casting is cut. The starting point of the laser cutting head is aligned with the starting cutting point of the casting, so that the processing consistency can be ensured. In addition, it should be noted that when the casting is clamped by the clamp, the clamping position needs to avoid the cutting area as much as possible, so as to avoid the situation that the cutting cannot be completed at one time due to the blocking of the clamp. In addition, if some machining holes are present in the blank, they can also be completed at the same time by laser cutting.
In some embodiments, if the casting is made of a material that is not attracted by the magnet, the electromagnet clamp may be configured to clamp and fix the casting. Specifically, a clamping jaw of anchor clamps is iron plate, and another clamping jaw is the electro-magnet, puts into two clamping jaws with the foundry goods between, then to the electro-magnet circular telegram, under the magnetic attraction effect, the distance between two clamping jaws can reduce to press from both sides the foundry goods tightly fixedly. Alternatively, both jaws may be provided as electromagnets.
In addition, during laser cutting, the temperature of the cutting area may increase. In some embodiments, the casting can be cooled by strong wind, so that the influence of high temperature on the casting in the cutting process is reduced. Specifically, a fan may be provided at one side of the casting, and air may be blown toward the casting by the fan.
In some embodiments, a plurality of laser cutting heads can be arranged to work simultaneously, and the plurality of laser cutting heads respectively cut different areas of the casting simultaneously to improve cutting efficiency. In this case, a plurality of fans may be provided to be aligned with different cutting regions, respectively. Alternatively, the fan head may be set to a rotational mode, intermittently facing different cutting zones, thereby reducing costs.
In some embodiments, the cutting table can be connected with the driving part, the scrap collecting box is arranged below the cutting table, and after the cutting is finished, the cutting table is driven by the driving part to rotate downwards, so that the pouring gate, the pouring gate and other excess materials are poured and fall into the scrap collecting box. After the waste collecting box is filled, the leftover materials in the waste collecting box can be conveyed to a smelting furnace for returning smelting, so that the material utilization rate is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
In some embodiments, a robot may be provided for handling the castings. Specifically, after the casting is demoulded and ejected by an ejector plate of the mould, the casting is carried to an infrared detection station by using a first manipulator for infrared detection. And after the detection is finished, the first mechanical arm moves the casting to a cooling station to cool the casting. And after cooling, the first manipulator moves the casting to a laser marking station for laser marking. After the laser marking is completed, the first mechanical arm moves the casting to the cutting station and is placed on the cutting table, the fixture clamps the casting tightly, and the second mechanical arm drives the laser cutting head to move so as to perform laser cutting. After cutting, the casting is loosened by the clamp, and the casting is taken out and placed in a finished product box by the first mechanical arm. And only one manipulator is arranged between the stations for taking and placing the castings, so that the stations need to be arranged compactly so as not to exceed the movement stroke of the manipulator. Alternatively, a manipulator may be disposed between every two stations, or a manipulator may be shared between every two or three stations. The manipulator can be connected with the three-axis moving module, and the three-axis moving module drives the manipulator to move in the space.
In some embodiments, after obtaining the blank, nondestructive testing is performed on the internal structure of the casting by means of X-ray flaw detection and the like, and whether the internal structure of the casting has defects such as shrinkage porosity or cold shut and the like is detected. It also needs to be polished to remove corner burrs. After polishing, the metal can be thermally treated according to requirements, so that the internal structure of the metal is improved, and the mechanical property of the metal is improved.
When the aluminum casting is cast by the die casting method, the molten metal is aluminum liquid, and when the molten metal is smelted in a smelting furnace, elements such as zinc, manganese, zirconium and the like can be added into the aluminum liquid so as to improve the fluidity of the aluminum liquid and the strength of the cast after forming. The mixture of chlorine and nitrogen can be introduced into the aluminum liquid to purify the aluminum liquid, and the hydrogen, the separated hydride, the metal magnesium and other impurities in the aluminum liquid are removed. In order to ensure the pouring quality, the temperature of the molten aluminum is required to be 670 ℃ to 680 ℃ during pouring. When the injection head injects the aluminum liquid into the cavity, the first section speed of the injection head is 0.3m/s, and the second section speed is 5 m/s. After the injection is finished, the pressure is increased to 100MPa towards the cavity through the injection head. And 30 water mold temperature controllers and 10 oil mold temperature controllers are arranged to control the temperature of the cavity. After demoulding, the casting is immersed in a cold water tank for 10s, so that the temperature of the casting is reduced from 300 ℃ to about 40 ℃.
In some embodiments, there is also provided a die casting apparatus including a die casting machine by which metal is hydroformed into a casting, and a laser cutting section for laser cutting the formed casting. The die casting machine and the laser cutting part are all selected by equipment in the prior art.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The die casting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, pressurizing and flushing the molten metal into the cavity of the die;
s20, after the molten metal is solidified to form a casting, demolding the casting;
s30 cutting the casting by laser cutting.
2. The die casting method according to claim 1, wherein in step S30, a fan is provided, and the casting is cooled by the fan when the casting is cut.
3. The die casting method according to claim 1, wherein a first robot and a second robot are provided, the casting is taken and placed by the first robot, and the laser cutting section is driven to cut by the second robot.
4. The die casting method according to claim 1, further comprising, between steps S10 and S20, step S11: and pressurizing the cavity.
5. The die casting method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the cavity is controlled by a die temperature controller when the molten metal is solidified.
6. The die casting method according to claim 1, further comprising, between steps S20 and S30, step S21: and detecting the integrity of the casting in an infrared detection mode.
7. The die casting method according to claim 1, further comprising, between steps S20 and S30, step S22: and arranging a cooling liquid tank, and placing the casting in the cooling liquid tank for cooling.
8. The die casting method according to claim 1, further comprising, between steps S20 and S30, step S22: and arranging a fan, and cooling the casting by the fan.
9. The die casting method according to claim 1, further comprising, before the step S10, a step S00: and spraying a release agent to the surface of the cavity.
10. Die-casting device, its characterized in that, including die-casting machine and laser cutting portion, the die-casting machine is used for die-casting out the foundry goods, laser cutting portion is used for right the foundry goods carries out laser cutting.
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| CN202010641678.3A CN111940693A (en) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Die casting method and die casting device |
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| CN202010641678.3A CN111940693A (en) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Die casting method and die casting device |
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| CN111940693A true CN111940693A (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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Application publication date: 20201117 |