CN111939269A - 磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体、载药材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体、载药材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111939269A CN111939269A CN202010643282.2A CN202010643282A CN111939269A CN 111939269 A CN111939269 A CN 111939269A CN 202010643282 A CN202010643282 A CN 202010643282A CN 111939269 A CN111939269 A CN 111939269A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一类磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体、载药材料及其制备方法和应用,该磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体,其结构通式如式(1)中I系列或者II系列所示。本发明通过对细胞膜进行化学共价键修饰磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体得到磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料,体外测试显示该类材料稳定性好,能被肿瘤细胞有效摄取,且对肿瘤细胞具有较高的选择性,同时该类材料具有显著的顺磁性,在外加磁场条件下,可以实现磁靶向效果。体外抗肿瘤测试中,该类载药材料抗肿瘤活性显著,且对正常细胞几乎无毒性,表明其具有靶向治疗恶性肿瘤的潜在用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学,具体涉及一种磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体、磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,新型仿生纳米载药材料因其在生物相容性、避免免疫系统识别等方面具有明显优势而日益受到研究人员的重视,在众多仿生材料中,细胞膜是一种可赋予纳米粒独特生物学性质的材料。通过将细胞膜特别是肿瘤细胞膜融合于纳米粒表面,可使纳米粒具备原细胞复杂而独特的表面理化性质,例如癌细胞膜表面的黏附分子(如黏着斑蛋白、整合素等)赋予其同源识别和归巢特性,因此,癌细胞膜常被用作包被包裹在球形纳米颗粒表面,以增强纳米药物的靶向及内吞能力。然而,当前基于细胞膜的仿生纳米载药材料主要通过物理包覆的方式实现纳米粒子表面修饰以及药物加载,因而在载药率、循环系统稳定性等方面存在明显缺陷。此外,这种直接将细胞膜与纳米粒结合的方法,其需要给药系统首先在肿瘤组织富集,然后才能通过同源归巢效应增强其靶向摄取,而现有细胞膜纳米载药材料往往无法实现在肿瘤部位快速富集。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一类磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体,以及含有磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料,本发明通过有机分子配体,将治疗药物分子(或荧光分子)、顺磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子通过共价键连接至细胞膜上,有效实现化学共价载药,从而提升其载药率及稳定性,荧光分子的引入有助于实现诊疗一体化;此外,顺磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子的引入赋予其物理磁靶向性,有利于实现其在肿瘤部位快速靶向富集。因此,本发明提供的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料保留了细胞膜载药材料的同源识别和归巢特性,兼具磁靶向特性,因而具有显著的肿瘤靶向性及高细胞摄取能力;同时,该材料还具有良好的稳定性以及高载药率,拥有诊疗一体化的潜力。
本发明还提供了磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体、磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料的制备方法和应用。
技术方案:本发明所述一类磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体,其结构通式如式(1)中I系列或者II系列所示:
所述R为抗肿瘤药物分子或者荧光分子,所述铁纳米粒子为顺磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子。
作为优选,所述R为抗肿瘤药物分子,包括:
本发明所述的磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)化合物1与炔丙胺反应,制备得到中间体2;
(2)中间体2脱去Fmoc保护基得到中间体3;
(3)中间体3与香豆素类化合物5反应得到中间体6;
(4)中间体6脱Boc保护基得到中间体7;
(5)中间体7与3-马来酰亚胺丙酸或硫辛酸反应分别制备得到关键中间体9-1或10-1
(6)9-1或10-1与表面修饰有叠氮基的四氧化三铁纳米粒子反应制备得到磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体9-1-Li或10-1-Li;
或者(7)中间体3分别与拉帕替尼衍生物或四价铂衍生物反应得中间体11或12;
(8)11或12脱保护基得13或14;
(9)13或14分别与3-马来酰亚胺丙酸或硫辛酸反应,然后再与表面修饰有叠氮基的四氧化三铁纳米粒子反应制备得到磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体9-2-Li、9-3-Li、10-2-Li或10-3-Li;
具体反应路线分别如下所示:
;或者
本发明所述含有所述的磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料,由磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体通过化学共价键修饰至细胞膜表面得到的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料,所述其结构通式如式(2)中I系列或者II系列所示:
所述R为抗肿瘤药物分子或者荧光分子,所述铁纳米粒子为顺磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子
作为优选,所述R为抗肿瘤药物分子,包括:
作为优选,所述磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料所述制备方法为将细胞与磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体共培养,然后通过低渗液处理细胞,通过离心提取获得修饰上磁靶向配体的细胞膜载药材料即为磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料。
本发明所述的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料在制备肿瘤靶向治疗药物中的应用。
本发明所述肿瘤靶向治疗药物的药物组合物,其中含有式(2)的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料或其药学上可接受的载体或者辅料。
进一步地,所述所述辅料包括赋形剂、填料、增容剂、粘合剂、保湿剂、崩解剂、缓溶剂、吸收加速剂、吸附剂、稀释剂、增溶剂、乳化剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、悬浮剂、矫味剂或香料。
进一步地,所述药物组合物为胶囊剂、散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、注射剂、糖浆剂、口服液、吸入剂、软膏剂、栓剂或贴剂。
本发明对细胞膜进行化学共价键修饰,引入顺磁性纳米粒子、抗肿瘤药物分子、荧光基团等功能结构,得到磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料,体外测试显示该类材料稳定性好,能被肿瘤细胞有效摄取,且对肿瘤细胞具有较高的选择性。该类材料具有显著的顺磁性,在外加磁场条件下,可以实现磁靶向效果。体外抗肿瘤测试中,该类载药材料抗肿瘤活性显著优于游离药物及常规脂质体给药系统,表明其具有靶向治疗恶性肿瘤的潜在用途。
相较于物理包覆方式,通过化学共价键实现细胞膜与药物分子以及纳米粒子相偶联,其结合更为稳定,可以有效避免物理包覆所得材料的溶胀、药物突释等问题,能够极大地提升细胞膜材料的稳定性及载药率。因此,本发明以2,3-二氨基丙酸为桥联基团,利用其三个活性官能团分别引入抗肿瘤药物分子(如拉帕替尼、四价铂)、磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子以及点击反应活性基团(包括马来酰亚胺基团、硫辛酸基团),得到细胞膜修饰配体,然后通过点击反应方法,与细胞膜上广泛存在的巯基反应,实现与细胞膜化学共价键结合,进而制备得到磁靶向细胞膜药物载体材料。此外,为了观测、研究该类纳米给药系统在体内外的分布及作用方式,实现诊疗一体化,本发明还引入了香豆素类荧光分子基团替代肿瘤药物分子,制备得到了具有荧光性质的载体材料。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
1)本发明的磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体形成的载药材料保留了细胞膜载药材料的同源识别和归巢特性,具有显著的肿瘤靶向性及高细胞摄取能力;
2)本发明的细胞膜修饰配体与细胞膜通过化学共价键结合实现细胞膜与药物分子以及磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体纳米粒子相偶联,极大地提升了细胞膜材料的稳定性及载药率;
3)载药材料中含有磁靶向成分,因而可以在外加磁场条件下实现药物在病灶部位快速富集;
4)磁靶向细胞膜药物载体材料具有荧光效应,能够实现诊疗一体化;
5)磁靶向细胞膜药物载体材料具有显著的抗肿瘤活性,而对正常细胞毒性很弱,显示其具有靶向治疗恶性肿瘤的潜在用途;
6)本发明磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体及其载体材料结构简单,设计巧妙,原料易得,合成工艺易行,可以有效应用到制备肿瘤靶向治疗药物中。
附图说明
图1为SDS-PAGE蛋白分析结果图,从左至右条带依次为Mark、A431细胞膜、Fe3O4@8、Fe3O4@9-1、Fe3O4@9-2、Fe3O4@10-1、Fe3O4@10-2;
图2为Fe3O4@10-1的等温磁化曲线图;
图3为各个细胞系对受试物的细胞摄取结果图;
图4为7-羟基香豆素、Fe3O4@9-1-Li、Fe3O4@10-1-Li与A431细胞共培养10min及1h后共聚焦照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作出详细说明。
实施例中所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1
中间体2的制备
将化合物1(6.0g,14.1mmol)溶于DCM/DMF(100/6mL)中,后加入DCC(3.5g,16.8mmol),搅拌15min得到混合液;然后将炔丙胺(0.9g,16.8mmol)溶于25mL DCM中,再缓慢滴入上述混合液中,室温下反应1h。反应完全后打浆抽滤得白色固体(化合物2)5.9g,产率92%。该中间体无需纯化直接投入下一步反应。
实施例2
中间体3的制备
将上步制得的化合物2(3.1g,6.7mmol)溶于DMF(30mL)中,加入哌啶(574.6mg,6.7mmol)在室温下反应0.5h,点板观察反应进度,反应完全后加入EA(乙酸乙酯)(300mL),后用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤三次,取EA层用无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩柱层析(DCM:MeOH=15:1),得到淡黄色固体(化合物3)1.5g,产率73%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ8.32(s,1H),6.84(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),3.85(s,2H),3.11(s,1H),2.68(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.50(m,2H),1.58(s,1H),1.38(s,9H).
ESI-MS:242.1[M+H]+.
实施例3
中间体5的制备
将4-(二乙氨基)水杨醛(5.0g,25.9mmol)溶于EtOH(100mL)中,然后将丙二酸二乙酯(5.5g,34.5mmol)溶于50mL EtOH中,缓慢滴入上述4-(二乙氨基)水杨醛的EtOH溶液中。加入哌啶(1.8g,20.7mmol),于90℃反应2h。反应完全后减压除去EtOH,得到含有化合物4的混合物。将上述混合物加入NaOH溶液进行水解,最后用柠檬酸调酸后用乙酸乙酯萃取,取乙酸乙酯层旋干得到黄色固体(化合物5)6.0g,产率89%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ12.52(s,1H),8.59(s,1H),7.64(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),6.79(dd,J=9.0,1.6Hz,1H),6.57(s,1H),3.48(q,J=7.0Hz,4H),1.13(t,J=7.0Hz,6H).
ESI-MS:260.3[M-H]-.
实施例4
中间体6的制备
将化合物5(596.0mg,2.3mmol)溶于DMF(15mL)中,加入HATU(1037.4mg,2.7mmol)后室温下搅拌5min得到混合溶液。然后将化合物3(500.0mg,2.1mmol)溶于DMF(5mL)中,化合物3的DMF溶液缓慢滴入上述混合溶液;然后加入三乙胺(272.7mg,2.7mmol),室温下反应,TLC观察反应进度。反应完全后在反应液中加入EA(300mL),用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤三次,EA层用无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩柱层析(DCM:MeOH=80:1),得到黄色固体(化合物6)0.65g,产率63%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ8.80(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.67(s,1H),8.40(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.81(dd,J=9.1,2.4Hz,1H),6.62(s,1H),4.13(td,J=8.7,4.9Hz,1H),3.86(dd,J=5.6,2.4Hz,2H),3.48(q,J=7.0Hz,4H),3.33(s,2H),3.09(t,J=2.3Hz,1H),1.36(s,9H),1.14(t,J=7.0Hz,6H).
ESI-MS:485.1[M+H]+.
实施例5
中间体7的制备
将化合物6(2.6g,5.5mmol)溶于DCM(40mL)中,加入TFA(三氟乙酸)(3.1g,27.4mmol)后在35℃下反应2h,TLC观察反应进度。反应完全后柱层析(DCM:MeOH=20:1),得到黄色固体(化合物7)1.8g,产率85%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ8.97(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),8.85(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),8.67(s,1H),7.71(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),6.82(dd,J=9.1,2.4Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.00(ddd,J=17.5,5.6,2.5Hz,1H),3.94–3.87(m,2H),3.75–3.64(m,2H),3.49(q,J=7.0Hz,4H),3.18(t,J=2.5Hz,1H),1.15(t,J=7.0Hz,6H).
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO)δ167.57,163.74,162.00,157.79,153.09,148.37,132.20,110.71,109.41,108.03,96.31,80.65,74.18,52.69,44.83(C*2),40.49,28.87,12.77(C*2).
HR-MS(m/z)(ESI):calcd for C20H24N4O4[M+H]:384.17976;Found384.18680.
实施例6
化合物9-1的制备
化合物7(100mg,0.26mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)和DMF(3mL)中,加入三乙胺(31mg,0.31mmol)后在35℃下搅拌10min得到反应液,之后将3-马来酰亚胺丙酸(52mg,0.31mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)中,缓慢滴入上述反应液后继续反应2h,TLC观察反应进度。反应完全后用柱层析(DCM:MeOH=15:1)分离出黄色固体(化合物9-1)136mg,产率97%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ8.77(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),8.65(s,1H),8.45(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),8.34(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),6.98(s,2H),6.80(dd,J=9.1,2.4Hz,1H),6.61(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.40(td,J=8.2,5.5Hz,1H),3.87–3.84(m,2H),3.62(td,J=7.8,1.9Hz,2H),3.48(q,J=7.0Hz,4H),3.32(dd,J=8.4,5.0Hz,2H),3.09(t,J=2.5Hz,1H),2.45–2.41(m,2H),1.14(t,J=7.0Hz,6H).
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO)δ171.25(C*2),170.31,170.00,162.96,162.05,157.72,152.96,148.27,134.99(C*2),132.11,110.61,109.59,108.08,96.32,81.39,73.48,52.76,44.81(C*2),40.78,34.30,34.21,28.53,12.78(C*2).
HR-MS(m/z)(ESI):calcd for C27H29N5O7[M+H]:536.31;Found536.31722.
实施例7
化合物10-1的制备
化合物7(100mg,0.26mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)和DMF(3mL)中,加入三乙胺(31mg,0.31mmol)后在35℃下搅拌10min得到反应液,之后将硫辛酸(64mg,0.31mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)中,将硫辛酸的DCM溶液缓慢滴入反应液后继续反应2h,TLC观察反应进度。反应完全后用柱层析(DCM:MeOH=15:1)分离出黄色固体(化合物10-1)145mg,产率96%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ8.78(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),8.66(s,1H),8.44(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.81–6.79(m,1H),6.60(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),4.46(td,J=8.5,5.3Hz,1H),3.88–3.84(m,2H),3.15–3.08(m,2H),3.04(dt,J=11.0,6.8Hz,2H),2.51(s,4H),2.33(dd,J=12.6,6.2Hz,1H),2.15(tt,J=20.2,6.9Hz,2H),δ1.59(dt,J=21.2,7.0Hz,1H),1.52–1.44(m,4H),1.30(dd,J=15.2,7.6Hz,2H),1.23(s,2H),1.14(t,J=7.0Hz,6H).
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO)δ172.98,170.24,163.01,162.06,157.73,152.99,148.32,132.12,110.66,109.45,108.10,96.33,81.43,73.45,56.51,52.69,44.84(C*2),40.88,38.50,35.63,34.62,28.72,28.67,28.52,25.39,12.78(C*2).
HR-MS(m/z)(ESI):calcd for C28H36N4O5S2[M+H]:574.22;Found 574.22260.
实施例8
化合物13的制备
取拉帕替尼丁二酸酯(1666mg,2.3mmol)溶于DMF(15mL)中,加入TBTU(866.7mg,2.7mmol)于室温下搅拌5min得到混合溶液;取化合物3(500.0mg,2.1mmol)溶于5mL DMF中,将化合物3的DMF溶液缓慢滴入上述混合溶液,之后加入三乙胺(272.7mg 2.7mmol),40℃下反应,TLC观察反应进度。反应完全后将反应液溶于300mL EA中,用氯化钠溶液洗涤三次,取EA层用无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤、浓缩后得化合物11,不经纯化直接投入下一步反应。
取上步产物化合物11 1.0g(1.1mmol)溶于DCM(40mL)中,加入TFA(1.5g,13.4mmol)后在35℃下反应3h,点板观察反应进度。反应完全后柱层析(DCM:MeOH=20:1),得到淡黄色固体(化合物13)0.73g,产率83%。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ9.44(s,1H),8.95(s,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.77-7.75(m,2H),7.68-7.64(m,1H),7.38-7.31(m,4H),6.90(s,1H),6.55(s,1H),6.39(s,1H),4.72(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.45(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.86-3.82(m,3H),3.80-3.76(m,1H),3.75-3.72(m,1H),3.55-3.33(m,7H),3.28-2.91(m,6H),2.65-2.42(m,5H).
ESI-MS:804.3[M+H]+.
实施例9
化合物14的制备
参考实施例8的方法,将拉帕替尼丁二酸酯替换成四价铂丁二酸酯制得化合物14,产率64%。
ESI-MS:557.3[M+H]+.
实施例10
化合物9-2的制备
化合物13(209mg,0.26mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)和DMF(3mL)中,加入三乙胺(31mg,0.31mmol)后在35℃下搅拌10min得到反应液,之后将3-马来酰亚胺丙酸(52mg,0.31mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)中,再缓慢滴入上述反应液后于55℃下继续反应2h,TLC观察反应进度。反应完全后用柱层析(DCM:MeOH=15:1)分离出黄色固体(化合物9-2)223mg,产率90%。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ9.58(s,1H),9.02(s,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.81-7.74(m,2H),7.70-7.63(m,1H),7.47-7.29(m,4H),7.04(s,1H),6.70-6.66(m,2H),6.51(s,1H),6.35(s,1H),4.75(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.49(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.89-3.84(m,3H),3.82-3.80(m,1H),3.78-3.72(m,1H),3.60-3.30(m,7H),3.25-2.80(m,6H),2.70-2.40(m,9H).
13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ173.51,172.84,168.90,165.81,162.32,158.77,157.70,154.00,152.88,151.58,149.15,148.01,139.01,131.83,130.93,129.41,126.99,124.80,123.28,122.14,116.07,114.97,111.86,108.75,108.15,107.02,96.49,79.39,71.08,69.94,63.49,55.26,52.23,45.67,45.20,42.33,41.63,40.15,35.52,31.58,29.84,28.94.
HRMS(ESI)m/z Calcd for C46H45ClFN8O10S[M+H]+:955.41240;Found955.41295.
实施例11
化合物10-2的制备
化合物14(209mg,0.26mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)和DMF(3mL)中,加入三乙胺(31mg,0.31mmol)后在35℃下搅拌10min得到反应液,之后将硫辛酸(64mg,0.31mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)中,再缓慢滴入上述反应液后于55℃下继续反应2h,TLC观察反应进度。反应完全后用柱层析(DCM:MeOH=15:1)分离出黄色固体(化合物10-2)217mg,产率88%。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ9.35(s,1H),8.87(s,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.77-7.72(m,2H),7.65-7.61(m,1H),7.49-7.31(m,4H),6.88(s,1H),6.47(s,1H),6.31(s,1H),4.73(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.46(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.92-3.86(m,3H),3.81-3.76(m,2H),3.74-3.72(m,1H),3.60-3.30(m,7H),3.12-2.77(m,6H),2.68-2.44(m,11H),1.61-1.52(m,6H).
13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ171.44,170.25,161.61,155.99,154.70,152.03,151.00,150.18,149.02,147.23,138.54,129.44,126.74,124.71,123.11,122.10,117.27,114.85,112.26,109.32,108.41,106.84,96.34,79.58,71.29,68.90,63.22,58.26,55.87,52.16,45.98,45.14,43.30,41.63,40.15,38.61,36.77,35.52,31.58,29.84,28.94,26.58,25.52.
HRMS(ESI)m/z Calcd for C47H52ClFN7O8S3[M+H]+:992.59440;Found992.59508.
实施例12
化合物9-3的制备
参照实施例10的方法,将化合物13替换成化合物14制得化合物9-3,产率55%。
ESI-MS:708.3[M+H]+.
实施例13
化合物10-3的制备
参考实施例11的方法,制备得到化合物10-3,产率48%。
ESI-MS:745.4[M+H]+.
实施例14
磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体的制备
取300mg叠氮化氧化铁纳米粒子(冯民昌,磁靶向性纳米脂质体给药系统的研究,东南大学硕士学位论文,2018.)15mL甲醇中,加入化合物9-1、9-2、9-3、10-1、10-2或10-3(0.03mmol),超声助溶,室温下接入机械搅拌;加入抗坏血酸(2.0mg,0.012mmol),投料完毕后通入氮气保护,于室温下机械搅拌反应10min;加入醋酸铜(1.2mg,0.006mmol),室温下搅拌反应过夜。反应完毕后利用磁性分离得到黑色固体,即磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体Fe3O4@9-1-Li、Fe3O4@9-2-Li、Fe3O4@9-3-Li、Fe3O4@10-1-Li、Fe3O4@10-2-Li或Fe3O4@10-3-Li。
实施例15
磁靶向性A431细胞膜载药材料的制备
表皮癌A431细胞经常规消化、PBS洗涤后加入实施例14制备的磁靶向膜修饰配体(终浓度1mg/mL,含5%DMF助溶)。经10min紫外光照后,于37℃共孵育2h,,然后加入800μl含1%的PMSF的0.1X PBS低渗液,4℃放置30分钟后,先用12000rpm,4℃离心8分钟,收集上清液,并将上清液在100000rpm,4℃的条件下离心60分钟,收取沉淀,沉淀即为分离出的细胞膜。并将细胞膜重悬到1X PBS(pH=7.4)中,测定蛋白浓度,定量至1mg/mL,-80℃保存待用。将上述制备得到细胞膜保存液经多聚碳酸酯膜(孔径200nm)滤过后,所得溶液用超声(40kw)震荡10min,得对应的磁靶向细胞膜纳米载药材料溶液,即Fe3O4@9-1、Fe3O4@9-2、Fe3O4@9-3、Fe3O4@10-1、Fe3O4@10-2、Fe3O4@10-3溶液,ICP-MS测定铁元素浓度,用水定量至0.5mg/mL备用。
利用上述方法,提取未经磁靶向膜修饰配体处理的空白A431细胞膜,测定蛋白浓度,定量至1mg/mL,经多聚碳酸酯膜(孔径200nm)滤过后,向该滤液中加入表面经油酸修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子材料(王煦漫,张彩宁,古宏晨.包覆油酸的Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备.精细化工,2007,24:733-736.)(1mg/mL),所得溶液用超声(40kw)震荡10min,自组装得A431细胞膜物理包覆的Fe3O4纳米粒子(即Fe3O4@8)溶液,ICP-MS测定铁元素浓度,定量至0.5mg/mL备用。
实施例16
磁靶向性红细胞细胞膜载药材料的制备
按实施例15的操作方法,以红细胞代替A431细胞,制备得到磁靶向性红细胞细胞膜载药材料。
实施例17
磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料的蛋白组成分析
应用SDS-PAGE法分析细胞膜载药材料蛋白组成。利用低渗法提取A431细胞膜蛋白,然后将A431细胞膜蛋白、受试纳米载药材料溶液分别加入至RIPA裂解液混合(v/v=1:4),然后将之与SDS-PAGE缓冲液按4:1(v/v)的比例混合,加热至100℃。然后将样品加入到10%SDS-PAGE凝胶加样孔中进行电泳,完毕后用Coomassie Blue染色,并进行拍照分析,结果如下图1所示。
由图1可知,本发明制备所得磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料(Fe3O4@9-1、Fe3O4@9-2、Fe3O4@10-1、Fe3O4@10-2)其蛋白组成与空白细胞膜蛋白组成完全一致,提示细胞膜已成功修饰至纳米粒子上。
实施例18
磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料的稳定性研究
取实施例15中制备所得的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料溶液(0.5mg/mL),应用粒度电位仪测定制备所得的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料粒径,然后进一步测定磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料在溶液中不同时间点的粒径,以判断纳米粒子在不同时间的稳定性。以非共价结合的A431细胞膜包覆Fe3O4纳米粒子材料(即Fe3O4@8)为对照。结果如下表1所示:
表1纳米粒子在不同时间点的粒径值
从上述表1的结果可见,Fe3O4@8由于是通过物理包覆的方式将细胞膜修饰至Fe3O4纳米粒子表面,其稳定性最差,在24h时就可见较为明显的溶胀现象,及至72h时,其已崩解。而通过化学共价键将细胞膜修饰至Fe3O4纳米粒子表面则非常稳定,在72h内粒径未见明显变化。这一结果提示本发明通过化学共价键构建细胞膜纳米载药材料有助于克服传统细胞膜载药材料的稳定性及其药物突释问题。
实施例19
磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料的顺磁性研究
挑选Fe3O4@10-1为代表性载药材料,利用振动样品磁强计(VSM),开展了顺磁性测试,结果如下图2所示。
从得出的等温磁化曲线可以看到,当外接磁场从负向最大值到0到正向最大值再到0到负向最大值时,材料的剩磁几乎为0,表明得到的载药材料仍然保留了铁纳米粒子的超顺磁性。
实施例20
细胞摄取测试
将Fe3O4@8(即A431细胞膜物理包覆Fe3O4纳米粒子材料)、Fe3O4@9-2、Fe3O4@10-2及其对应的未用细胞膜修饰的磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体(Fe3O4@8-Li、Fe3O4@9-2-Li、Fe3O4@10-2-Li)加入至A431(表皮癌细胞)、SK-BR-3(人乳腺癌细胞)、LO2(人正常肝细胞)细胞中(受试物终浓度为1μg/mL),将之与A431(表皮癌细胞)、SK-BR-3(人乳腺癌细胞)、LO2(人正常肝细胞)细胞共培养24h,然后利用ICP-MS法测定各细胞内的铁含量,以此判断A431(表皮癌细胞)、SK-BR-3(人乳腺癌细胞)、LO2(人正常肝细胞)细胞对受试物的摄取效果,结果分别如下图3所示。
图3结果显示,在测试条件下,所有细胞对未经细胞膜修饰的磁靶向配体摄取率均较低,铁含量大致在100ng/106cells水平,各个配体间以及各细胞株间未见显著差异。而经A431细胞膜修饰后,各细胞株对Fe3O4@8、Fe3O4@9-2、Fe3O4@10-2的摄取率均明显提升,特别是A431细胞株,其对受试物的摄取能力明显高于其他细胞株,这源于其同源效应;而LO2细胞的摄取能力最弱,提示正常细胞受载药系统影响较小。
本实验结果表明,利用肿瘤细胞膜对Fe3O4纳米粒子进行表面修饰确实可以改变纳米粒子的生物界面性能,有效提升肿瘤细胞特别是同源肿瘤细胞的药物摄取率,从而增加药物累计,加强治疗效果。
实施例21
体外抗肿瘤活性测定
选用拉帕替尼为阳性对照,利用SRB法,测定了Fe3O4@9-2、Fe3O4@10-2、Fe3O4@9-3、Fe3O4@10-3、Fe3O4@8(其不含有抗肿瘤药物分子结构片段)对A431、SK-BR-3、BT474、MCF-7肿瘤细胞株以及对LO2正常细胞的抗增殖效果,结果如表2所示:
表2体外细胞毒性测试结果
由上表2可见,阳性对照对HER1/2阳性的肿瘤细胞株(即A431、SK-BR-3、BT474细胞株)均显现出明显的抑制效果,IC50值均小于1μg/ml,而对HER1/2非过表达的MCF-7的活性较弱,对正常细胞几乎无活性。Fe3O4@8结构中由于不含有抗肿瘤药物分子结构片段,其在测试条件下未表现出抑制活性,提示本发明设计的材料本身不具有细胞毒性。
Fe3O4@9-2、Fe3O4@10-2、Fe3O4@9-3、Fe3O4@10-3在测试中都显现出了较好的抗肿瘤效果,而对LO2无活性。值得注意的是,Fe3O4@9-2、Fe3O4@10-2对A431的活性要显著优于Fe3O4@9-3、Fe3O4@10-3,原因可能是Fe3O4@9-2、Fe3O4@10-2含有的拉帕替尼药物分子相较铂配合物具有更优的抗肿瘤活性。
在本测试中,受试物的抗肿瘤活性稍弱于阳性对照拉帕替尼,分析原因可能是因为在体外测试条件下,阳性对照拉帕替尼直接与肿瘤细胞共培养,故能发挥强效的抑制作用。而受试物需要额外的药物摄取、释放的过程,其发挥作用较慢,但是效果依然很好,而且本发明公开的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料保留了细胞膜载药材料的同源识别和归巢特性,兼具磁靶向特性,因而具有显著的肿瘤靶向性及高细胞摄取能力;同时,该材料还具有良好的稳定性以及高载药率,拥有诊疗一体化的潜力。
实施例22
A431细胞经常规消化、PBS洗涤后加入含荧光基团的磁靶向膜修饰配体(即Fe3O4@9-1-Li、Fe3O4@10-1-Li,终浓度1mg/mL,含5%DMF助溶)及7-羟基香豆素(终浓度1mg/mL,含5%DMF助溶)。经10min紫外光照后,于37℃共孵育,然后分别于孵育10min、1h进行共聚焦成像(λex=416nm,λem=474nm),研判细胞膜的化学修饰效果。结果图4所示。
由图4结果可见,所有磁靶向膜修饰配体均具有明显的荧光效应。同时,7-羟基香豆素由于无法和细胞膜形成共价结合,其与细胞共培养时既可以吸附于细胞膜表面,也可以被细胞快速摄取,进入细胞内,因而分布于细胞各部位。而Fe3O4@9-1-Li和Fe3O4@10-1-Li由于可以与细胞膜发生共价键合,因此其主要结合与细胞膜表面,即使孵育1h后也未见明显的细胞摄取现象,表明其与细胞膜结合非常稳定。
实施例23
根据药典2015版常规制剂法,将实施例实施例15中制得的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料赋予不同的药物辅料制成片剂胶囊剂、散剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、注射剂、糖浆剂、口服液、吸入剂、软膏剂、栓剂或贴剂等。
Claims (10)
3.一种权利要求1所述的磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)化合物1与炔丙胺反应,制备得到中间体2;
(2)中间体2脱去Fmoc保护基得到中间体3;
(3)中间体3与香豆素类化合物5反应得到中间体6;
(4)中间体6脱Boc保护基得到中间体7;
(5)中间体7与3-马来酰亚胺丙酸或硫辛酸反应分别制备得到关键中间体9-1或10-1
(6)9-1或10-1与表面修饰有叠氮基的四氧化三铁纳米粒子反应制备得到磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体9-1-Li或10-1-Li;
或者:(7)中间体3分别与拉帕替尼衍生物或四价铂衍生物反应得中间体11或12;
(8)11或12脱保护基得13或14;
(9)13或14分别与3-马来酰亚胺丙酸或硫辛酸反应,然后再与表面修饰有叠氮基的四氧化三铁纳米粒子反应制备得到磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体9-2-Li、9-3-Li、10-2-Li或10-3-Li;
具体反应路线分别如下所示:
或者
6.根据权利要求4所述的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料,其特征在于,所述所述制备方法为将细胞与磁靶向性细胞膜修饰配体共培养,然后通过低渗液处理细胞,通过离心提取获得修饰上磁靶向配体的细胞膜载药材料即为磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料。
7.一种权利要求5所述的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料在制备肿瘤靶向治疗药物中的应用。
8.一种肿瘤靶向治疗药物的药物组合物,其特征在于,其中含有权利要求4的式(2)的磁靶向性细胞膜载药材料或其药学上可接受的载体或者辅料。
9.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述所述辅料包括赋形剂、填料、增容剂、粘合剂、保湿剂、崩解剂、缓溶剂、吸收加速剂、吸附剂、稀释剂、增溶剂、乳化剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、悬浮剂、矫味剂或香料。
10.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物为胶囊剂、散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、注射剂、糖浆剂、口服液、吸入剂、软膏剂、栓剂或贴剂。
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