CN111937559B

CN111937559B - Soil-cleaning impurity-removing loss-reducing potato collecting system of intelligent potato harvester

Info

Publication number: CN111937559B
Application number: CN202010918884.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏忠彩; 王宪良; 张祥彩; 印祥; 孙传祝; 王相友
Original assignee: Shandong University of Technology
Current assignee: Shandong Sidaier Agricultural Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-04
Filing date: 2020-09-04
Publication date: 2022-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-04
Also published as: CN111937559A

Abstract

The invention provides a soil-clearing, impurity-removing, loss-reducing and potato-collecting system of an intelligent potato harvester, which comprises a harvester frame, a potato-collecting device, a buffering device and an impurity-removing device, and is characterized in that: collect the potato device including collection potato frame, drive detection device and conveyer belt, collect the potato frame and include horizontal stand, folding leg I, folding leg II, pneumatic cylinder I and pneumatic cylinder II, wherein the horizontal stand includes crossbeam, longeron, stand, stiffener, backplate I, backplate II, support arm, switching-over rubber tyer, supporting wheel I and supporting wheel II. The two ends of the impurity removal short shaft with the rectangular cross section respectively extend out of round cross section shaft sections, the lengths of the round cross section shaft sections at the two ends are different, a plurality of impurity removal wheels are sleeved on the middle rectangular cross section of the impurity removal short shaft through a central rectangular hole, and the impurity removal fingers of the impurity removal wheels are in the same inclination direction. The invention can adjust and control the processes of soil cleaning, impurity removal and potato collection, has accurate adjustment and good working reliability, and can effectively reduce the potato damage rate and the potato breakage rate in the potato harvesting process.

Description

Soil-cleaning impurity-removing loss-reducing potato collecting system of intelligent potato harvester

Technical Field

The invention provides a soil-cleaning impurity-removing loss-reducing potato-collecting system of an intelligent potato harvester, which is mainly used for loss reduction and loss prevention of the intelligent potato combine harvester.

Background

The technology of the potato segmental harvester is mature, and the intelligent potato combined harvester gradually becomes a key device for large-scale mechanization. How to complete the soil cleaning and impurity removing operation with high efficiency and low loss and the high-efficiency and accurate loss reduction and potato collection operation on the potato soil mixture which is screened by the separating screen after excavation is a key technology developed by the combine harvester. Adopt conventional cleaning plant, then the potato after cleaning falls to collecting the potato conveyer belt after the distribution comparatively concentrates, often causes the potato to extrude each other and violently high frequency collision at collection potato loading in-process because bed of material thickness is great under the operation circumstances of high-efficient results, conveyer belt flexible buffering impairment effect also can not obtain make full use of to lead to potato combine to hurt potato rate and broken skin rate and remain high.

For the potato collecting process of a potato combine harvester, if the running speed of the conveying belt can be adjusted in time according to the operation conditions such as the potato harvesting yield, the soil characteristics and the like, namely, a soil cleaning, impurity removing and damage reducing potato collecting system which can realize convenient adjustment and automatic adjustment on the potato collecting conveying belt is applied, the collision frequency of potato blocks falling to a hopper car at the tail end of the conveying belt is reduced, the collision intensity of a potato soil mixture after being separated by a screen surface of a separating screen in the soil cleaning and impurity removing process and after the soil cleaning and impurity removing process can be reduced to the maximum extent, the potatoes are ensured to be uniformly distributed on the rear conveying belt after the soil cleaning and impurity removing, the effective conveying space of the conveying belt in the width direction is fully utilized, the falling height of the tail end of the potato collecting device can be accurately regulated and controlled, so that the phenomenon of damage of the potato blocks caused by more falling collision frequency can be reduced, and the excessive extrusion damage of the potato blocks caused by over-thickness can be effectively avoided, the potato damage rate and the peeling rate are reduced as much as possible, the adjustment is accurate and reliable, and the harvest quality is ensured.

The key for ensuring the harvest quality of the potatoes is the soil cleaning, impurity removal and potato loss reduction in the combined potato harvest process. In order to realize the loss reduction of the collected potatoes during potato harvesting, the invention provides a national invention patent of a non-equidistant longitudinal potato collecting, loss reducing and separating device of a potato harvester, and the application numbers are as follows: 201810624154.6, the utility model can realize the potato collecting, loss reducing and separating operation in the potato combined harvest process, especially reduce the collision frequency and improve the potato harvest quality to a certain extent. However, field experiments find that if potatoes can be collected and transported for loading after soil cleaning and impurity removing operations, namely a harvesting process of 'soil cleaning and impurity removing, buffer loss reduction and potato collecting and loading' is adopted, the movement stroke of the potatoes on the combine harvester can be effectively shortened, fatigue accumulation damage of potato blocks caused by multi-frequency collision and friction is effectively avoided, the potato damage rate and the potato peel breaking rate can be greatly reduced, and unnecessary harvesting loss is avoided to a great extent. Meanwhile, in the potato collecting and loading process, if the operation speed of the conveyer belt of the potato combine harvester cannot be accurately adjusted and the falling height of the tail end of the conveyer belt cannot be adjusted in time, the severe collision of potato and potato generated in the potato collecting and loading process is the key of the phenomenon of severe skin damage and potato damage. Therefore, the soil clearing, impurity removing and accurate damage reducing and potato collecting operation are the key points influencing 2 technical indexes of the potato combine harvester, namely the potato damage rate and the potato breakage rate, and are the urgent engineering practical requirements for improving the adaptability of the potato combine harvester to different harvesting working conditions. The current situation of the potato combine harvester is comprehensively observed, an intelligent potato harvester which is provided with a soil cleaning, impurity removing and loss reducing potato collecting system is urgently needed, can realize longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning and impurity removing and can reduce the collision times by utilizing a monitoring system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide the soil cleaning, impurity removing and loss reducing potato collecting system of the intelligent potato harvester, which can realize longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning and impurity removing, high-efficiency and low-loss potato collecting operation, can realize accurate adjustment, and has stable and reliable work and wide application range.

The technical scheme is as follows: the potato harvester comprises a harvester frame, a potato collecting device, a buffering device and an impurity removing device, wherein the tail part of the harvester frame is of a door-shaped structure, the surfaces of 2 mounting plates I with rectangular plate shapes on two sides are positioned in the same plane and are vertical to the running direction of a potato soil mixture of the potato harvester, the surfaces of 2 mounting plates II with rectangular plate shapes positioned on the inner sides of the 2 mounting plates I of the harvester frame are parallel to each other and are parallel to the running direction of the potato soil mixture of the potato harvester, the potato collecting device comprises a potato collecting frame, a driving detection device and a conveying belt, the potato collecting frame comprises a horizontal frame, a folding frame I, a folding frame II, a hydraulic cylinder I and a hydraulic cylinder II, wherein the horizontal frame comprises a cross beam, a longitudinal beam, a stand column, a reinforcing rod, a protective plate I, a protective plate II, a supporting arm, a reversing rubber wheel, a supporting wheel I and a supporting wheel II, two ends of the cross beam are respectively and fixedly connected with one end of the 1 stand column, and 1 crossbeam and 2 upright posts are positioned in the same plane, namely form a U-shaped shape, 2 groups of the combination of 1 crossbeam and 2 upright posts are fixedly connected through 2 longitudinal beams, the U-shaped planes formed by the 1 crossbeam and 2 upright posts of the combination of 2 groups are parallel to each other, the crossbeams of the combination of 2 groups and the 2 upright posts at the two ends of the crossbeams are also respectively aligned, the 1 longitudinal beam for connecting the combination of 2 groups is positioned at the position of the upright post close to the crossbeam, the other 1 upright post is positioned at the end part of the upright post far away from the crossbeam, the middle parts of the 2 crossbeams are connected through 2 reinforcing rods, the outer side surface of the combination of 1 group formed by the 1 crossbeam and the 2 upright posts far away from the other 1 group is fixed with a guard plate I, the outer side surfaces of the 2 upright posts and the 1 longitudinal beam at the position of the crossbeam are fixed with a guard plate II, one end of a supporting arm in a J shape is arranged at the middle part of the 1 crossbeam which is not fixed with the I, the other end of the supporting arm inclines towards the middle direction of the guard plate I, the assembled horizontal frame is arranged on 2 mounting plates I of a harvester frame through the outer side surfaces of 2 upright posts without the guard plate I, 2 groups of the U-shaped openings of a combination body formed by 1 crossbeam and 2 upright posts are upward, the end part of the supporting arm far away from the crossbeam is upward and inclines towards the running direction of the potato soil mixture, 2 reversing rubber wheels are symmetrically arranged at the inner side of the 2 crossbeam close to the guard plate II, 2 rows of supporting wheels I are respectively arranged at the inner side of the 2 crossbeam along the length direction of the crossbeam, each row of supporting wheels I is provided with a plurality of supporting wheels I, the axial line of each row of supporting wheels I is positioned in the same plane parallel to the length direction of the crossbeam, the planes of the 2 rows of supporting wheels I at the inner side of the 2 crossbeam are respectively positioned at the two sides of the plane of the 2 reinforcing rods, 1 supporting wheel II is respectively arranged below the side of the 2 reversing rubber wheels far away from the guard plate II, the inner surfaces of two sides of one end, far away from the protective plate II, of the horizontal frame are respectively provided with a plurality of supporting wheels II, the folding frame I comprises folding straight arms, reinforcing rods, a supporting wheel I and a supporting wheel II, 2 folding straight arms are fixedly connected through 2 reinforcing rods, 2 folding straight arms are positioned in the same plane, two ends of 2 folding straight arms are aligned, the distance between the 2 folding straight arms is equal to the distance between 2 cross beams of the horizontal frame, 2 reinforcing rods for fixing the folding straight arms are positioned in the same plane, 2 rows of supporting wheels I are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the 2 folding straight arms along the length direction of the folding straight arms, each row is provided with a plurality of supporting wheels I, the axial line average position of each row of supporting wheels I is positioned in the same plane parallel to the length direction of the folding straight arms, the planes of 2 rows of supporting wheels I on the inner sides of the 2 folding straight arms are respectively positioned on two sides of the plane of the 2 reinforcing rods, two ends of the 2 folding straight arms are respectively provided with a supporting wheel II, i one end of folding leg after the equipment articulates the longeron both ends of keeping away from backplate II at the horizontal bracket through 2 folding straight arms, the cylinder body of 2 pneumatic cylinders I articulates the tip of keeping away from the crossbeam at 2 stands that the horizontal bracket is close to backplate II respectively, the jar pole of 2 pneumatic cylinders I articulates the middle part at 2 folding straight arms respectively, folding leg II includes the folding arm of J shape, the stiffener, tremble miscellaneous wheel, supporting wheel I and supporting wheel II, 2J folding arm passes through 2 stiffener fixed connection, 2J folding arm "J" shape aligns completely, and the distance between 2J folding arms equals the distance between 2 folding straight arms of folding leg I, 2 stiffeners of fixed J folding arm lie in the same plane, 2 straightway middle part inboards of 2J folding arms respectively are equipped with 1 supporting wheel I, 2 supporting wheels II, 2J folding arm straightway and bending section handing-over inboard respectively are equipped with 2 supporting wheels II, The plane where the axes of the 2 supporting wheels II are located is equal to the included angles of the straight line sections and the bending sections of the 2J-shaped folding arms respectively, 1 supporting wheel II is arranged at the tail end, close to the bending section, of each 2J-shaped folding arm, the assembled folding frame II is hinged to the tail end, far away from the horizontal frame, of the 2 folding straight arms of the folding frame I through the tail end, far away from the straight line sections, of the bending sections, of the 2J-shaped folding arms, 2 cam-shaped impurity shaking wheels are respectively installed at the tail end, far away from the bending section, of each straight line section of the 2J-shaped folding arms, the axes of the 2 impurity shaking wheels are coaxial, the axes of the impurity shaking wheels are parallel to the axes of 2 hinge joints of the folding frame II and the folding frame I, the cylinder bodies of the 2 hydraulic cylinders II are respectively hinged to the middle parts of the 2 folding straight arms, the cylinder rods of the 2 hydraulic cylinders II are respectively hinged to the bending sections, close to the tail ends, and the driving detection device comprises a driving motor, a driving shaft, The driving wheel, single chain wheel I, single chain wheel II, chain I, tachometer wheel, mounting bracket and sensor, disc-shaped driving wheel side end face is equipped with a plurality of driving teeth that are parallel to the driving wheel axis, and evenly distributed on same circumference, the middle part is equipped with the drive shaft both ends of 2 driving wheels and supports the end that keeps away from the section of bending of 2 pieces of J-shaped folding arm of folding leg II, and the driving tooth of 2 pieces of driving wheel all faces 1 driving wheel in addition, the straightway that driving motor installed at 1 piece of J-shaped folding arm is located the section of bending one side that is close to J-shaped folding arm of drive shaft, driving motor is located between 2 pieces of J-shaped folding arm, and driving motor axis is parallel with the axis of drive shaft, the single sprocket I is equipped with to the end that stretches out behind the axial outer passing J-shaped folding arm of driving motor, the end that the drive shaft is close to single sprocket I stretches out the end after passing J-shaped folding arm and is equipped with single sprocket II, the single chain wheel II and the single chain wheel I are positioned in the same plane, the single chain wheel I and the single chain wheel II are hung with the same 1 chain I, the excircle of the discoid tachometer wheel is provided with a plurality of tachometer teeth perpendicular to the disc plate surface of the tachometer wheel along the axial direction of the tachometer wheel, the tachometer teeth are uniformly distributed on the same circumference, the tachometer wheel and the single chain wheel I are coaxially arranged at the outer side of the single chain wheel I far away from the J-shaped folding arm, the J-shaped folding arm is positioned between the single chain wheel I and the single chain wheel II, an L-shaped mounting frame is fixed on the outer side plate surface, the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the mounting frame perpendicular to the linear section of the J-shaped folding arm is provided with a round hole, the sensor is arranged on the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the mounting frame through the round hole on the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the mounting frame, the sensing end of the sensor faces one side of the tachometer wheel, and the gap between the tachometer teeth of the tachometer wheel is 1-2mm, the potato baffle plate of the conveyer belt faces outwards, one end close to the folding frame II is hung on 2 driving wheels, one end close to the horizontal frame is hung on 2 reversing rubber wheels, the tight section and the loose section of the conveyer belt between the driving wheels and the reversing rubber wheels are respectively supported on 2 rows of the horizontal frame, the folding frame I and the folding frame II, a plurality of supporting wheels I and a plurality of supporting wheels II, the buffer device comprises a supporting frame, a flexible baffle curtain and a pressing plate, two ends of the supporting frame bent into a Z shape are respectively supported in the middle of 2 longitudinal beams and are positioned above the horizontal frame, 2 sections of straight line sections of the supporting frame are all parallel to the surface of a mounting plate I of a harvester rack, and the plane where the 2 sections of straight line sections are positioned is vertical to the surface of the mounting plate I, the length of 2 flexible blocking curtains is equal to 2 times of the distance between a support frame and the upper edge of a potato blocking plate of a conveyor belt, the width of 2 flexible blocking curtains is equal to half of the distance between planes in 2 mounting plates II, the flexible blocking curtains are folded along central lines perpendicular to the length direction respectively and then are respectively pressed on 2 sections of straight line sections of the support frame through 2 pressing plates, an impurity removing device comprises an impurity removing frame, an impurity removing long roller, an impurity removing short roller, a transmission device, a guide plate and a 4-face shield, wherein the impurity removing frame comprises an L-shaped plate I, an L-shaped plate II, an L-shaped reinforcing plate I and an L-shaped reinforcing plate II, the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II are bent into an L-shaped structure, the widths of L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate II after bending are equal, the widths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped short side plate I and the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped long side plate I are also equal, and the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped long side plate I are perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction at the same time and the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped short side plate I are greater than the length of the L-shaped plate II, the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped plate I is uniformly provided with a plurality of round holes with axes vertical to the L-shaped long-edge plate surface along the direction vertical to the L-shaped plane, the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped plate II is also uniformly provided with a plurality of round holes with axes vertical to the L-shaped long-edge plate surface along the direction vertical to the L-shaped plane, the number of the round holes of the L-shaped plate II is 1 less than that of the round holes of the L-shaped plate I, the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II are both bent into an L-shaped structure, the widths of the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II after bending are equal and smaller than the widths of the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II, the widths of the L-shaped short-edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II are also equal and the widths of the L-shaped short-edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II, the L-shaped reinforcing plate I is perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely, the length perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surface and the short-side plate surface is equal to the length of the L-shaped plate I, the L-shaped reinforcing plate II is perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely, the length perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surface and the short-side plate surface is equal to the length of the L-shaped plate II, round holes which are equal to the round holes in the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped plate I in number and are perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surface in axis are uniformly formed in the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, round holes which are equal to the round holes in the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped plate II in number and are perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surface in axis, the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped plate I are parallel to each other, L-shaped short side plate surfaces are also buckled together in parallel, the edge of an L-shaped long side plate surface of an L-shaped reinforcing plate I, which is far away from the L-shaped short side plate surface, is aligned with the L-shaped short side plate surface of the L-shaped plate I, two ends of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, which are perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely, the L-shaped long side plate surface and the short side plate surface direction, are aligned with two ends of the L-shaped plate I, an impurity removing long roller comprises an impurity removing long shaft, an impurity removing wheel and a retainer ring, circular cross-section shaft sections respectively extend out of two ends of the impurity removing long shaft with a rectangular cross section, the lengths of the circular cross-section shaft sections at the two ends are different, a plurality of impurity removing fingers uniformly extend out of an excircle of the impurity removing wheel with a rectangular hole in the center, the impurity removing fingers are positioned in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the impurity removing wheel and inclined towards the same circumferential direction, the impurity removing wheels are sleeved on the middle rectangular cross-section of the impurity removing long shaft through the rectangular hole in the center, the inclined directions of the edulcoration fingers of each edulcoration wheel are the same, the two ends of a plurality of edulcoration wheels sleeved on the edulcoration long shaft are fixed by check rings, the edulcoration long shaft of the edulcoration long roller, the number of which is equal to that of round holes arranged on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate II, extends out of one end of the edulcoration long shaft of the edulcoration long roller, which is provided with a longer round section shaft section, is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, the edulcoration long shaft of the edulcoration long roller, extends out of one end of the shorter round section shaft section, is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate II and the L-shaped plate II, the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II are both positioned near the edulcoration wheels, the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II are positioned on the plane formed by the edulcoration long rollers, the edulcoration fingers on the adjacent edulcoration long rollers have the same inclined directions, and the edulcoration wheels on the adjacent edulcoration long rollers are arranged along the axial direction of the edulcoration long shafts in a staggered way, the short impurity removing roller comprises an impurity removing short shaft, impurity removing wheels, a fixing ring and a potato protecting plate, wherein two ends of the impurity removing short shaft with a rectangular cross section respectively extend out of a round cross section shaft section, the lengths of the round cross section shaft sections at the two ends are different, a plurality of impurity removing wheels are sleeved on the middle rectangular cross section of the impurity removing short shaft through a central rectangular hole, the two ends of the impurity removing wheels sleeved on the impurity removing short shaft are fixed through a retaining ring, one end of the impurity removing short shaft of 1 impurity removing short roller, which extends out of a longer round cross section shaft section, is supported in a residual round hole at one end of a combination body formed by buckling an L-shaped plate I and an L-shaped reinforcing plate I, one end of the impurity removing short shaft, which extends out of a shorter round cross section shaft section, is sleeved with the fixing ring, the impurity removing wheels on the impurity removing short roller and an adjacent impurity removing long roller are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the impurity removing long shaft, and the assembled impurity removing frame and the impurity removing long roller are arranged on 2 mounting plates II of the harvester frame through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II, the long roller of edulcoration is located and is close to II one sides of mounting panel, the short roller of edulcoration is located 2 sections straightways that are close to the support frame apart from II sharp sections departments far away of mounting panel, and the edulcoration wheel is located the incline direction that the edulcoration of edulcoration long roller top indicates and the traffic direction of potato harvester potato soil mixture is opposite, the edulcoration minor axis of edulcoration short roller passes through the solid fixed ring support of tip on the support arm of collection potato device, gu install above the excircle of fixed ring and protect the potato board, transmission includes single sprocket III, single chain wheel IV, double sprocket and chain II, the definition: the long impurity removing roller closest to the mounting plate II is an I-th impurity removing long roller, a II-th impurity removing long roller and an III-th roller … …, and so on, after 1 single chain wheel IV is arranged at the extending end of the long impurity removing shaft of the I-th impurity removing long roller close to the mounting plate II, which extends out of the shaft section with the longer circular cross section, which penetrates through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, 1 single chain wheel III is arranged, after the extending ends of the long impurity removing shafts of the other impurity removing long rollers, which extend out of the shaft section with the longer circular cross section, which penetrate through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, are both provided with double chain wheels, the outer side chain wheel of each double chain wheel far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the single chain wheel IV arranged on the first impurity removing long shaft of the I-shaped impurity removing long roller are positioned in the same plane, the extending end of the short impurity removing shaft of the short shaft of each double chain wheel, which extends out of the shaft of the long shaft of each impurity removing short shaft, which penetrates through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I are positioned in the same plane as the same as the inner side of the single chain wheel IV arranged on the L-shaped reinforcing plate I In one plane, a single chain wheel IV arranged on an impurity removal long shaft of the first long and long eradicating roller and a double chain wheel arranged on an impurity removal long shaft of the second long and eradicating roller adjacent to the first long and eradicating roller are hung with 1 piece of chain II on an outer side chain wheel far away from an L reinforcing plate I, the double chain wheel arranged on the impurity removal long shaft of the second long and eradicating roller and the double chain wheel arranged on the impurity removal long shaft of the third long and eradicating roller are hung with 1 piece of chain II on an inner side chain wheel close to the L reinforcing plate I, and so on, the double chain wheel arranged on the outermost side far away from the mounting plate II, namely the impurity removal long shaft with the largest serial number is hung with 1 piece of chain II on the inner side chain wheel close to the L reinforcing plate I and the single chain wheel IV arranged on the impurity removal short shaft of the short and eradicated roller, 1 piece of guide plate II which is arranged on the inner side surface of the mounting plate II and is in a rectangular plate shape is respectively arranged at two ends above the long and removing roller, and 2 be "close to I root down miscellaneous long roller one side distance narrow, be close to the short roller one side distance wide trapezoidal state of edulcoration between the guide plate and arrange, the L shaped plate I that is close to transmission one side is kept away from the outside of edulcoration wheel and is equipped with the 4 face shields that are rectangular box shape, and the opening of 4 face shields is towards the direction of L shaped plate I, and the cover is installed in the minor epaxial single sprocket IV of edulcoration short roller, all double sprocket and all chains II.

On the basis of the prior art, the tail part of a harvester frame is of a door-shaped structure, the plate surfaces of 2 mounting plates I with rectangular plate shapes at two sides are positioned in the same plane and are vertical to the running direction of a potato soil mixture of a potato harvester, the plate surfaces of 2 mounting plates II with rectangular plate shapes positioned at the inner sides of the 2 mounting plates I of the harvester frame are mutually parallel and are parallel to the running direction of the potato soil mixture of the potato harvester, two ends of a cross beam of a horizontal frame are respectively and fixedly connected with one end of a 1 upright post, the 1 cross beam and the 2 upright posts are positioned in the same plane to form a U shape, 2 groups of 1 cross beam and 2 upright posts are fixedly connected through 2 longitudinal beams, the U-shaped planes formed by the 1 cross beam and the 2 upright posts of the 2 groups of assemblies are mutually parallel, the cross beams of the 2 groups of assemblies are respectively aligned with the 2 upright posts at two ends of the cross beams, 1 longitudinal beam of connecting 2 group's assemblies is located being close to the crossbeam department of stand, 1 is located the tip of keeping away from the crossbeam of stand in addition, 2 crossbeam middle parts are connected through 2 stiffeners, 1 group is kept away from the lateral surface of 1 group's assemblies in addition by the assembly that "1 crossbeam and 2 stands" constitute and is fixed with backplate I, the lateral surface that 2 stands that the longeron is located being close to crossbeam department and 1 longitudinal beam is fixed with backplate II, the middle part at 1 crossbeam of not fixed with backplate I is installed to the one end of the support arm that is "J" shape, and the other end of support arm inclines towards the middle part direction of backplate I, the horizontal stand after the equipment is installed on 2 mounting panels I of harvester frame through the lateral surface of 2 stands that are not fixed with backplate I, 2 group's U-shaped opening that the assembly that constitutes by "1 crossbeam and 2 stands" is up, the tip that the support arm is kept away from the crossbeam upwards, And incline towards the running direction of the potato soil mixture, 2 reversing rubber wheels are symmetrically arranged at the inner sides of 2 beams close to a guard plate II, 2 rows of supporting wheels I are respectively arranged at the inner sides of 2 beams along the length direction of the beams, 4 supporting wheels I are arranged on the upper row, 3 supporting wheels I are arranged on the lower row, the axes of the supporting wheels I in each row are all positioned in the same plane parallel to the length direction of the beams, the planes of the 2 rows of supporting wheels I at the inner sides of 2 beams are respectively positioned at the two sides of the plane of 2 reinforcing rods, 1 supporting wheel II is respectively arranged below one side of the 2 reversing rubber wheels far away from the guard plate II, 6 supporting wheels II are respectively arranged on the inner surfaces of the two sides of one end of a horizontal frame far away from the guard plate II, 2 folding straight arms of a folding frame I are fixedly connected through the 2 reinforcing rods, the 2 folding straight arms are positioned in the same plane, and the two ends of the 2 folding straight arms are aligned, and the distance between 2 pieces of folding straight arms is equal to the distance between 2 pieces of crossbeams of the horizontal frame, 2 pieces of reinforcing rods for fixing the folding straight arms are positioned in the same plane, the inner sides of the 2 pieces of folding straight arms are respectively provided with 2 rows of supporting wheels I along the length direction of the folding straight arms, each row is provided with 3 supporting wheels I, the axes of the supporting wheels I are all positioned in the same plane parallel to the length direction of the folding straight arms, the planes of the 2 rows of supporting wheels I at the inner sides of the 2 pieces of folding straight arms are respectively positioned at the two sides of the plane of the 2 pieces of reinforcing rods, the two ends of the 2 pieces of folding straight arms are respectively provided with a supporting wheel II, one end of the assembled folding straight arm I is hinged at the two ends of a longitudinal beam of the horizontal frame far away from a guard plate II through the 2 pieces of folding straight arms, the cylinder bodies of the 2 pieces of hydraulic cylinders I are respectively hinged at the end parts of 2 pieces of upright columns of the horizontal frame near the guard plate II far away from the crossbeams, the cylinder rods of the 2 pieces of hydraulic cylinders I are respectively hinged at the middle parts of the folding straight arms, 2J-shaped folding arms of a folding frame II are fixedly connected through 2 reinforcing rods, the J-shaped folding arms 2 are completely aligned, the distance between the J-shaped folding arms 2 is equal to the distance between the folding straight arms 2 of the folding frame I, the reinforcing rods 2 for fixing the J-shaped folding arms are positioned in the same plane, the inner sides of the middles of the straightways of the J-shaped folding arms 2 are respectively provided with 1 supporting wheel I, the inner sides of the joints of the straightways of the J-shaped folding arms 2 and the bending sections are respectively provided with 2 supporting wheels II, the planes of the axes of the 2 supporting wheels II are equal to the included angles of the straightways and the bending sections of the J-shaped folding arms 2 respectively, the tail ends of the assembled folding frame II, which are close to the bending sections, are respectively provided with 1 supporting wheel II, the tail ends of the assembled folding frame II, which are far away from the tail ends of the straightways, are hinged on the 2 folding straight arms I through the bending sections of the J-shaped folding arms 2, are far away from the tail ends of the horizontal frame, 2 cam-shaped miscellaneous wheels are respectively installed on the straight-line segment of 2J-shaped folding arms and far away from a bending section, the axes of the 2 miscellaneous wheels are coaxial, the axes of the miscellaneous wheels are parallel to the axes of 2 hinge points of a folding frame II and a folding frame I, the cylinder bodies of 2 hydraulic cylinders II are respectively hinged on the middle parts of the 2 folding straight arms, the cylinder rods of the 2 hydraulic cylinders II are respectively hinged on the bending section of the 2J-shaped folding arms and near to the tail end, one side end face of a disc-shaped driving wheel of a driving detection device is provided with a plurality of driving teeth which are parallel to the axes of the driving wheels and are uniformly distributed on the same circumference, two ends of a driving shaft of which the middle part is provided with 2 driving wheels are supported on the end part of the straight-line segment of the 2J-shaped folding arms of the folding frame II and far away from the bending section, the driving teeth of the 2 driving wheels face towards the other 1 driving wheel, a driving motor is installed on one side of the straight-line segment of the 1J-shaped folding arm which is positioned on the driving shaft and near to the bending section of the J-shaped folding arms, the driving motor is positioned between 2J-shaped folding arms, the axis of the driving motor is parallel to the axis of the driving shaft, a single chain wheel I is arranged at the extending end of the driving motor which penetrates through the J-shaped folding arms outwards in the axial direction, a single chain wheel II is arranged at the extending end of the driving shaft which is close to one end of the single chain wheel I and penetrates through the J-shaped folding arms, the single chain wheel II and the single chain wheel I are positioned in the same plane, the same 1 chain I is hung on the single chain wheel I and the single chain wheel II, a plurality of speed measuring teeth perpendicular to the disc plate surface of the speed measuring wheel are arranged on the excircle of the disc-shaped speed measuring wheel along the axial direction of the speed measuring wheel, the speed measuring teeth are uniformly distributed on the same circumference, the speed measuring wheel and the single chain wheel I are coaxially arranged on the outer side of the single chain wheel I, which is far away from the J-shaped folding arms, an L-shaped mounting rack is fixed on the outer side plate surface of the J-shaped folding arms, and an L-shaped round hole which is perpendicular to the straight line section of the J-shaped folding arms is arranged on the long edge plate surface, the sensor is installed on the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the mounting frame through a round hole on the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the mounting frame, the sensing end of the sensor faces one side of the speed measuring wheel, the gap between the sensing end of the sensor and the speed measuring teeth of the speed measuring wheel is 1-2mm, a plurality of potato baffles uniformly and outwards extend out of the annular conveying belt along the length direction of the flat belt of the conveying belt, each potato baffle is perpendicular to the length direction of the flat belt, the potato baffles of the conveying belt face outwards, one ends close to the folding frame II are hung on 2 driving wheels, one ends close to the horizontal frame are hung on 2 reversing rubber wheels, the tight sections and the loose sections of the conveying belt, which are positioned between the driving wheels and the reversing rubber wheels, are respectively supported on 2 rows, a plurality of supporting wheels I and a plurality of supporting wheels II, which are arranged on the horizontal frame, the folding frame I and the folding frame II, and the supporting wheels II, and two ends of the supporting frame, bent into a Z shape, of the buffering device are respectively supported on the middle parts of the 2 longitudinal beams, And is located above the horizontal frame, 2 sections of straight line sections of the supporting frame are all parallel to the plate surface of the mounting plate I of the harvester rack, the plane where the 2 sections of straight line sections are located is vertical to the plate surface of the mounting plate I, the length is equal to 2 times of the distance between the supporting frame and the upper edge of the potato baffle of the conveying belt, the width is equal to half of the distance between the inner planes of the 2 mounting plates II, after the two flexible baffles are folded along the central line vertical to the length direction, the two flexible baffles are respectively pressed on the 2 sections of straight line sections of the supporting frame through 2 pressing plates, the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II of the impurity removing frame are both bent into an L-shaped structure, the widths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II after being bent are equal, the widths of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I are also equal, the L-shaped plane direction of the L-shaped plate I is vertical to the L-shaped plane direction, namely, the lengths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces and the L-shaped short side plate surfaces are both longer than the length of the L-shaped plate II, the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped plate I is uniformly provided with 5 round holes with axes vertical to the L-shaped long-edge plate surface along the direction vertical to the L-shaped plane, the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped plate II is uniformly provided with 4 round holes with axes vertical to the L-shaped long-edge plate surface along the direction vertical to the L-shaped plane, the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II are bent into an L-shaped structure, the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II after bending are equal in width and smaller than the width of the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II, the L-shaped short-edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II are also equal in width and equal to the width of the L-shaped short-edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II, the L-shaped reinforcing plate I is vertical to the L-shaped plane direction, namely, the L-shaped long-edge plate surface vertical to the L-shaped plane direction and short-edge plate surfaces are equal to the length of the L-shaped plate I, the L-shaped reinforcing plate is characterized in that the length of the L-shaped reinforcing plate II perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely the length of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surface and the short-side plate surface is equal to that of the L-shaped plate II, 5 round holes with axes perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surface are uniformly arranged on the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, 4 round holes with axes perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surface are uniformly arranged on the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate II along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, the L-shaped long-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I are parallel to each other, the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I are also buckled together in parallel to each other, the edge of the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I far away from the L-shaped short-side plate surface is aligned to the L-shaped short-side plate surface of the L-shaped plate I, and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, Namely, two ends vertical to the direction of the L-shaped long side plate surface and the short side plate surface are aligned with two ends of an L-shaped plate I, two ends of an impurity removing long shaft with a rectangular section are respectively extended with a round section shaft section, the lengths of the round section shaft sections at the two ends are different, an outer circle of the impurity removing wheel with a rectangular hole at the center is uniformly extended with 12 impurity removing fingers, each impurity removing finger is positioned in the same plane vertical to the axis of the impurity removing wheel and inclines towards the same circumferential direction, a plurality of impurity removing wheels are sleeved on the middle rectangular section of the impurity removing long shaft through a central rectangular hole, the inclination directions of the impurity removing fingers of each impurity removing wheel are the same, the two ends of the impurity removing wheels sleeved on the impurity removing long shaft are fixed through check rings, 4 one end of the impurity removing long shaft, which is extended with a longer round section shaft section, of the impurity removing long shaft is supported in a round hole of a combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I together, the long impurity removing shaft of the long impurity removing roller extends out of one end with a short round section shaft section and is supported in a round hole of a combination body formed by buckling an L-shaped plate II and an L-shaped reinforcing plate II, the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II are both positioned at the inner sides close to the impurity removing wheels, L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II are positioned at the same side of a plane formed by the long impurity removing rollers, the inclined directions of impurity removing fingers of the impurity removing wheels on the adjacent impurity removing rollers are the same, the impurity removing wheels on the adjacent impurity removing rollers are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the long impurity removing shaft, two ends of the short impurity removing shaft of the short impurity removing roller with the rectangular cross section respectively extend out of the round section shaft section, the lengths of the round section shaft sections at the two ends are different, a plurality of impurity removing wheels are sleeved on the middle rectangular section of the short impurity removing shaft through a central rectangular hole, the two ends of the plurality of the impurity removing wheels sleeved on the short impurity removing shaft are fixed through retaining rings, and 1 piece of the short impurity removing roller extends out of one end with a long round section shaft section and is supported in the L-shaped plate I and L-reinforced A fixing ring is sleeved at one end of the impurity removing short shaft extending out of the shaft section with the shorter circular section in the residual circular hole at one end of the assembly formed by buckling the plate I together, the impurity removing short rollers and the impurity removing wheels on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the impurity removing long shaft, the assembled impurity removing frame and the impurity removing long rollers are installed on 2 mounting plates II of the harvester frame through L-shaped plates I and L-shaped plates II of the impurity removing frame, the impurity removing long rollers are located on one side close to the mounting plates II, the impurity removing short rollers are located on straight line sections, far away from the mounting plates II, in 2 straight line sections close to the supporting frame, and the edulcoration wheel is located the incline direction that the edulcoration of edulcoration long roll top indicates opposite with the traffic direction of potato harvester potato soil mixture, and the edulcoration minor axis of edulcoration short roll supports on the support arm of collection potato device through the solid fixed ring of tip, and the outer circle top of solid fixed ring is installed and is protected the potato board, defines: the long impurity removing roller closest to the mounting plate II is an I-th impurity removing long roller, a II-th impurity removing long roller and an III-th roller … …, and so on, after 1 single chain wheel IV is arranged at the extending end of the long impurity removing shaft of the I-th impurity removing long roller close to the mounting plate II, which extends out of the shaft section with the longer circular cross section, which penetrates through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, 1 single chain wheel III is arranged, after the extending ends of the long impurity removing shafts of the other impurity removing long rollers, which extend out of the shaft section with the longer circular cross section, which penetrate through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, are both provided with double chain wheels, the outer side chain wheel of each double chain wheel far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the single chain wheel IV arranged on the first impurity removing long shaft of the I-shaped impurity removing long roller are positioned in the same plane, the extending end of the short impurity removing shaft of the short shaft of each double chain wheel, which extends out of the shaft of the long shaft of each impurity removing short shaft, which penetrates through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I are positioned in the same plane as the same as the inner side of the single chain wheel IV arranged on the L-shaped reinforcing plate I In one plane, a single chain wheel IV arranged on an impurity removal long shaft of the first long and long eradicating roller and a double chain wheel arranged on an impurity removal long shaft of the second long and eradicating roller adjacent to the first long and eradicating roller are hung with 1 piece of chain II on an outer side chain wheel far away from an L reinforcing plate I, the double chain wheel arranged on the impurity removal long shaft of the second long and eradicating roller and the double chain wheel arranged on the impurity removal long shaft of the third long and eradicating roller are hung with 1 piece of chain II on an inner side chain wheel close to the L reinforcing plate I, and so on, the double chain wheel arranged on the outermost side far away from the mounting plate II, namely the impurity removal long shaft with the largest serial number is hung with 1 piece of chain II on the inner side chain wheel close to the L reinforcing plate I and the single chain wheel IV arranged on the impurity removal short shaft of the short and eradicated roller, 1 piece of guide plate II which is arranged on the inner side surface of the mounting plate II and is in a rectangular plate shape is respectively arranged at two ends above the long and removing roller, and 2 be "close to I root down miscellaneous long roller one side distance narrow, be close to the short roller one side distance wide trapezoidal state of edulcoration between the guide plate and arrange, the L shaped plate I that is close to transmission one side is kept away from the outside of edulcoration wheel and is equipped with the 4 face shields that are rectangular box shape, and the opening of 4 face shields is towards the direction of L shaped plate I, and the cover is installed in the minor epaxial single sprocket IV of edulcoration short roller, all double sprocket and all chains II.

The working principle is as follows: the soil cleaning and impurity removing device is arranged behind the separating screen of the potato harvester, and the potato soil mixture enters one end, close to the frame of the harvester, of the impurity removing device of the soil cleaning and impurity removing damage-reducing potato collecting system after being separated by the rod type separating screen. The potato harvester transmits power to a single chain wheel I of the impurity removal device through a chain, in the working process, under the driving action of the chain transmission, impurity removal wheels arranged on an impurity removal long shaft and an impurity removal short shaft rotate towards the running direction of a potato soil mixture, the potato soil mixture realizes soil cleaning and impurity removal under the rolling motion and the collision, friction, kneading and other actions between the potato soil mixture and impurity removal fingers, and meanwhile, the impurity removal fingers are also beneficial to removing soil adhered to the surfaces of potatoes and forcing seedling vines mixed in the potato soil mixture to pass through a sieve for separation in the turning process. Because L shaped plate I and L shaped plate II are along potato soil mixture traffic direction's length inequality, L reinforcing plate I is unequal with L reinforcing plate II along potato soil mixture traffic direction's length, and the edulcoration minor axis of edulcoration short roll supports on the support arm of collection potato device through the solid fixed ring of tip, constitutes a vertical non-equidistance soil cleaning edulcoration device promptly. And the edulcoration short roll of edulcoration device is equipped with album potato device along potato soil mixture traffic direction's back below, and the traffic direction of the conveyer belt of album potato device is mutually perpendicular with the traffic direction of potato soil mixture, and consequently when accomplishing potato piece after the clear soil edulcoration and falling to the conveyer belt, the clear soil edulcoration structure of vertical non-equidistance can be with potato evenly distributed in the width direction of conveyer belt, avoids the potato piece to distribute too intensively and the extrusion and the collision that produce. Meanwhile, the effects of soil cleaning and impurity removal can be improved by adjusting the rotating speeds of different chain wheels according to the soil condition of the harvested land.

Collect the top of the conveyer belt of potato device, the edulcoration short roller of edulcoration device is equipped with flexible check curtain along potato soil mixture traffic direction's rear promptly, because the buffering of flexible check curtain, can effectively reduce the horizontal direction functioning speed of potato piece, alleviates the potato piece owing to fall the injury potato phenomenon that kinetic energy is great and leads to when colliding. Simultaneously, the outer circle top of solid fixed ring is installed and is protected the potato board, can effectively avoid being located the potato piece in edulcoration device middle part falling the in-process that produces collision damage to the conveyer belt. The sensor arranged at the tail end of the conveying belt can test the running speed of the conveying belt in real time, namely the running speed of the conveying belt can be timely regulated and controlled according to the difference of the harvest yield, the harvest working condition and the like, and the potato damage rate and the peeling rate of the combined harvester in the loading process are controlled to the maximum extent.

Under II miscellaneous mating reactions of pneumatic cylinder I and pneumatic cylinder, can effectively control the position of folding leg I and folding leg II, control potato piece promptly and fall the height at the conveyer belt end. In the harvesting process, the potato combine harvester and the hopper car for transporting potato blocks run forwards at the same direction and the same speed, and in the initial harvesting stage, the conveying belt at the tail end of the folding frame II is close to the bottom of the hopper car as far as possible so as to control the falling height of the potato blocks to be smaller than the critical damage falling height of the potatoes. With the increase of the potato blocks in the hopper car, the tail end of the conveying belt positioned at the tail end of the folding frame II can be lifted upwards, but the falling height of the lifted potato blocks does not exceed the critical damage height of the potatoes. When the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder I is in a shortened working state, the conveying belts on the folding frame I and the folding frame II are adjusted towards one side close to the impurity removing device; when the cylinder rod of pneumatic cylinder I was in extension operating condition, the conveyer belt on folding leg I and the folding leg II all adjusted towards the one side of keeping away from the edulcoration device. According to the harvesting working condition requirement, when the tail end of the conveying belt needs to be lifted, a cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder II is in a shortening working state; when the hopper car needs to be approached to the bottom of the hopper car, the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder II is in an extending working state. Under the cooperation of the shortening and extending working states of cylinder rods of the hydraulic cylinder I and the hydraulic cylinder II, the movement states of the folding frame I and the folding frame II are controlled.

Compared with the prior art, the intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removing, loss reducing and potato collecting system adopts a harvesting process of 'longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing, buffering, loss reducing and potato collecting conveying and loading', and is designed into a structural form of 'longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing, buffering and potato collecting, regulating and conveying', so that the movement stroke of potatoes on the combined harvester after self-excavation can be effectively reduced, and fatigue accumulation damage and mechanical damage of potato blocks caused by multi-frequency collision and friction are effectively avoided. The operation speed of the transmission device is adjusted, so that the requirements of soil cleaning and impurity removal under different harvesting working conditions can be met; the sensing end of the sensor can detect the running speed of the conveyer belt in real time so as to reasonably control the running speed of the conveyer belt and achieve the purposes of reducing collision and reducing loss. Aiming at the difference of actual conditions such as soil working condition, potato yield and the use of the harvested potato blocks, the system can adjust and control the processes of soil cleaning, impurity removal and potato collection, accurately control the falling height and the conveying falling position of the potato blocks at the tail end of the conveying belt, effectively avoid the problems of high potato damage rate and high potato breakage rate in the potato harvesting process, and ensure the high-efficiency and low-loss harvesting of the potatoes to the maximum extent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in another orientation with cylinder I and cylinder II hidden;

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in another orientation with cylinder I, cylinder II and belt removed;

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the harvester frame of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the potato collecting device and the buffering device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the potato collector stand of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of the potato collector rack of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in another direction with the hydraulic cylinder I and the hydraulic cylinder II hidden;

FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the horizontal shelf of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

figure 9 is an isometric view of the folding stand i of the embodiment shown in figure 1;

FIG. 10 is an isometric view of the folding stand II of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 is an isometric view of the drive detection device of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 12 is an isometric view of the conveyor belt of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the support arm of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 14 is an isometric view of the trash removal device of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 15 is an isometric view of the embodiment of the trash removal device of FIG. 1 with the baffle and 4-sided shroud hidden;

FIG. 16 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the deflector and 4-sided shroud hidden from view in another orientation;

FIG. 17 is an isometric view of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I of the trash rack of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 after being buckled;

FIG. 18 is an isometric view of the L-shaped plate II and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II of the trash rack of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 after being buckled;

FIG. 19 is a partial isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 except for the doctor blade;

FIG. 20 is a partial isometric view of the trash extraction stub roll of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 21 is an isometric view of the transmission of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 22 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the major axis removed;

FIG. 23 is an isometric view of the trash removal wheel of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

Detailed Description

1. Harvester frame 11, mounting plate I12, mounting plate II 2, potato collecting device 21, potato collecting frame 211, horizontal frame 2111, cross beam 2112, longitudinal beam 2113, upright 2114, reinforcing rod 2115, protecting plate I2116, protecting plate II 2117, supporting arm 2118, reversing rubber wheel 2119, supporting wheel I2120, supporting wheel II 212, folding frame I2121, folding straight arm 213, folding frame II 2131, J-shaped folding arm 2132, impurity shaking wheel 214, hydraulic cylinder I215, hydraulic cylinder II 22, driving detection device 221, driving motor 222, driving shaft 223, driving wheel 224, single chain wheel I225, single chain wheel II 226, chain I227, speed measuring wheel 228, mounting frame 229, sensor 23, conveying belt 231, flat belt 232, potato baffle 3, buffer device 31, supporting frame 32, flexible baffle 33, pressing plate 4, The device comprises an impurity removal device 41, an impurity removal frame 411, an L-shaped plate I412, an L-shaped plate II 413, an L-shaped reinforcing plate I414, an L-shaped reinforcing plate II 42, an impurity removal long roller 421, an impurity removal long shaft 422, an impurity removal wheel 423, a retaining ring 43, an impurity removal short roller 431, an impurity removal short shaft 432, a fixing ring 433, a potato protection plate 44, a transmission device 441, a single-chain wheel III 442, a single-chain wheel IV 443, a double-chain wheel 444, a chain II 45, a guide plate 46 and a 4-face shield.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-23: the tail part of a harvester frame 1 is of a door-shaped structure, the plate surfaces of 2 mounting plates I11 with rectangular plate shapes on two sides are positioned in the same plane and are vertical to the running direction of a potato soil mixture of the potato harvester, the plate surfaces of 2 mounting plates II 12 with rectangular plate shapes positioned on the inner sides of the 2 mounting plates I11 of the harvester frame 1 are mutually parallel and are parallel to the running direction of the potato soil mixture of the potato harvester, two ends of a cross beam 2111 of a horizontal frame 211 of a potato collecting frame 21 of the potato collecting device 2 are respectively fixedly connected with one end of a 1 upright 2113, the 1 cross beam 2111 and the 2 upright 2113 are positioned in the same plane to form a U-shaped structure, the combination of 2 groups of 1

cross beam

2111 and 2 upright 2113 is fixedly connected through 2 longitudinal beams 2112, the U-shaped planes formed by the 1 cross beam 2111 and the 2 upright 2113 are mutually parallel, and the cross beam 2111, the 2 upright 2111 and the 2 upright 2113 of the combination are mutually parallel, And 2 uprights 2113 at two ends of the cross beam 2111 are respectively aligned, 1 longitudinal beam 2112 connected with the 2-piece combination is positioned at the position, close to the cross beam 2111, of the upright 2113, the other 1 longitudinal beam is positioned at the end part, far away from the cross beam 2111, of the upright 2113, the middle part of the 2 cross beam 2111 is connected through a 2 reinforcing rod 2114, a protection plate I2115 is fixed on the outer side surface, far away from the other 1-piece combination, of the combination consisting of 1

cross beam

2111 and 2 uprights 2113, of the 1 combination, the longitudinal beam 2112 is positioned at the position, close to the cross beam 2111, of the 2 uprights 2113 and the outer side surface of the 1 longitudinal beam 2112 are fixed with a protection plate II 2116, one end of a support arm 2117 in a J shape is installed in the middle part of the 1 cross beam 2111 without the protection plate I2115 fixed, the other end of the support arm 2117 inclines towards the middle part of the protection plate I2115, the assembled horizontal bracket 211 is installed on a 2-piece installation plate I11 of the harvester frame 1 through the outer side surface of the 2 uprights 2113 without the protection plate I2115 fixed, the U-shaped opening of a combination body formed by 1 piece of

beam

2111 and 2 pieces of upright columns 2113 is upward, the end part of a supporting arm 2117 far away from the beam 2111 is upward and inclined towards the running direction of the potato-soil mixture, 2 reversing rubber wheels 2118 are symmetrically arranged at the inner side of the 2 piece of beam 2111 close to a guard plate II 2116, 2 rows of supporting wheels I2119 are respectively arranged at the inner side of the 2 piece of beam 2111 along the length direction of the

beam

2111, 4 supporting wheels I are arranged in the upper row, 3 supporting wheels I2119 are arranged in the lower row, the axial line of each row of supporting wheels I2119 is positioned in the same plane parallel to the length direction of the beam 2111, the planes of the 2 rows of supporting wheels I2119 at the inner side of the 2 piece of beam 2111 are respectively positioned at two sides of the plane of the 2 piece of reinforcing rods 2114, 1 piece of supporting wheels II 2120 are respectively arranged below the side of the 2 piece of the side of the reversing rubber wheels 2118 far away from the guard plate II 2116, 6 at two sides of the horizontal bracket 211 far away from the guard plate II are respectively provided with 6 and 6 are respectively provided with 6 II 2120, 2 straight folding arms 2121 of the folding frame I212 are fixedly connected through 2 reinforcing

rods

2114, 2 straight folding arms 2121 are positioned in the same plane, two ends of 2 straight folding arms 2121 are aligned, the distance between the 2 straight folding arms 2121 is equal to the distance between 2 cross beams 2111 of the

horizontal frame

211, 2 reinforcing rods 2114 for fixing the straight folding arms 2121 are positioned in the same plane, 2 rows of I2119 are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the 2 straight folding arms 2121 along the length direction of the straight folding

arms

2121, 3 rows of I2119 are respectively arranged on each row, the axes of the I2119 in each row are positioned in the same plane parallel to the length direction of the straight folding arms 2121, the respective planes of the I2119 in the 2 rows on the inner sides of the straight folding arms 2121 are respectively positioned on two sides of the plane of the I2114 in the 2 reinforcing rods, two ends of the I2110 in the 2 straight folding arms 2121 are respectively provided with supporting wheels, one end of the assembled folding frame I212 is hinged to two ends of the longitudinal beam 2116 of the horizontal frame 211 II through 2 reinforcing rods 2121, the cylinder bodies of 2 hydraulic cylinders I214 are respectively hinged on the end parts, close to a guard plate II 2116, of 2 upright posts 2113 away from a cross beam 2111 of a horizontal frame 211, the cylinder rods of the 2 hydraulic cylinders I214 are respectively hinged on the middle parts of 2 folding straight arms 2121, 2J-shaped folding arms 2131 of a folding frame II 213 are fixedly connected through 2 reinforcing rods 2114, the 'J' shapes of the 2J-shaped folding arms 2131 are completely aligned, the distance between the 2J-shaped folding arms 2131 is equal to the distance between the 2 folding straight arms 2121 of the folding frame I212, the 2 reinforcing rods 2114 of the fixed J-shaped folding arms 2131 are positioned in the same plane, the inner sides of the straight line sections of the 2J-shaped folding arms 2131 are respectively provided with 1 supporting wheels I2119, the inner sides of the joints of the 2J-shaped folding arms 2131 and the bending sections are respectively provided with 2 supporting wheels II 2120, and the included angles between the planes of the axes of the 2 supporting wheels II 2120 and the straight line sections of the 2J-shaped folding

arms

2131, 2 pieces of J-shaped folding arms 2131 are respectively provided with 1 piece of supporting wheel II 2120 near the tail end of the bending section, the assembled folding frame II 213 is hinged at the tail end of the 2 pieces of folding straight arms 2121 of the folding frame I212 far away from the horizontal frame 211 through the tail end of the bending section of the 2 pieces of J-shaped folding arms 2131 far away from the straight line section, 2 pieces of cam-shaped impurity shaking wheels 2132 are respectively arranged at the straight line section far away from the bending section of the 2 pieces of J-shaped folding arms 2131, the axes of the 2 pieces of impurity shaking wheels 213 are coaxial, the axes of the 2 pieces of impurity shaking wheels 2132 are parallel to the axes of 2 hinge points of the folding frame II 213 and the folding frame I212, the cylinder bodies of the 2 pieces of hydraulic cylinders II 215 are respectively hinged at the middle parts of the 2 pieces of folding straight arms 2121, the cylinder rods of the 2 pieces of hydraulic cylinders II 215 are respectively hinged at the tail end of the bending section of the 2 pieces of J-shaped folding arms 2131 near the tail end, one side end surface of the disklike driving detection device is provided with a plurality of driving teeth which are parallel to the axes of the driving wheel 223 and are evenly distributed on the same circumference, two ends of a driving shaft 222 provided with 2 driving wheels 223 at the middle part are supported at the end part, far away from a bending section, of 2J-shaped folding arms 2131 of a folding frame II 213, driving teeth of the 2 driving wheels 223 face the other 1 driving wheel 223, a driving motor 221 is arranged at one side, close to the bending section of the J-shaped folding arms 2131, of the driving shaft 222, the straight line section of the 1J-shaped folding arm 2131 is located, the driving motor 221 is located between the 2J-shaped folding arms 2131, the axis of the driving motor 221 is parallel to the axis of the driving shaft 222, the extending end, axially outwards penetrating through the J-shaped folding arms 2131, of the driving motor 221 is provided with a single chain wheel I224, one end, close to the single chain wheel I224, of the driving shaft 222, penetrating through the J-shaped folding arms 2131 is provided with a single chain wheel II 225, the single chain wheel II 225 and the single chain wheel I224 are located in the same plane, the single chain wheel I226 is hung on the single chain wheel I224 and the single chain II 225, the single chain I226 is hung on the disc-shaped wheel 227, the disc-shaped speedometer 227, and the disc-shaped speedometer 227 are provided with a plurality of chain wheels 227 perpendicular to the disc 227 along the axial direction of the speedometer 227 The speed measuring teeth of the plate surface are uniformly distributed on the same circumference, the speed measuring wheel 227 and the single chain wheel I224 are coaxially arranged on the outer side, far away from the J-shaped folding arm 2131, of the single chain wheel I224, the J-shaped folding arm 2131 is positioned between the single chain wheel I224 and the single chain wheel II 225, an L-shaped mounting frame 228 is fixed on the plate surface of the outer side, the L-shaped long side plate surface, perpendicular to the straight line section of the J-shaped folding arm 2131, of the mounting frame 228 is provided with a round hole, a sensor 229 is arranged on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the mounting frame 228 through the round hole in the L-shaped long side plate surface of the mounting frame 228, the sensing end of the sensor 229 faces one side of the speed measuring wheel 227 and the gap between the speed measuring teeth of the speed measuring wheel 227 is 1-2mm, the annular conveying belt 23 uniformly extends outwards out a plurality of potato baffle plates 232 along the length direction of the flat belt 231 of the conveying belt 23, and each potato baffle plate 232 is perpendicular to the length direction of the flat belt 231, the potato baffle 232 of the conveying belt 23 faces outwards, one end close to the folding frame II 213 is hung on the 2 driving wheels 223, one end close to the horizontal frame 211 is hung on the 2 reversing rubber wheels 2118, the tight section and the loose section of the conveying belt 23 between the driving wheels 223 and the reversing rubber wheels 2118 are respectively supported on the 2 rows, the plurality of supporting wheels I2119 and the plurality of supporting wheels II 2120 arranged on the horizontal frame 211, the folding frame I212 and the folding frame II 213, two ends of the supporting frame 31 bent into a Z shape of the buffer device are respectively supported in the middle of the 2 longitudinal beams 2112 and are positioned above the horizontal frame 211, the 2 straight sections of the supporting frame 31 are all parallel to the plate surface of the mounting plate I11 of the harvester frame 1, the plane where the 2 straight sections are located is vertical to the plate surface of the mounting plate I11, the 2 inner flexible baffle curtain 32 with the length equal to 2 times of the distance between the supporting frame 31 and the upper edge of the potato baffle 232 of the conveying belt 23 and the width equal to half of the distance between the 2 mounting plates II 12, after being folded in half along the central line perpendicular to the length direction, the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped plate II 412 of the impurity removing frame 41 are respectively pressed on 2 sections of straight line sections of the supporting frame 31 through the 2-piece pressing plate 33, the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped plate II 412 of the impurity removing frame 41 are both bent into an L-shaped structure, the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the bent L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped plate II 412 are equal in width, the L-shaped short side plate surfaces are also equal in width, the length of the L-shaped plate I411, which is perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, which is perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface and the short side plate surface direction, is larger than that of the L-shaped plate II 412, 5 round holes with axes perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface are uniformly arranged on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate I411 along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, 4 round holes with axes perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface are uniformly arranged on the L-shaped long side plate surface along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, l reinforcing plate I413 and L reinforcing plate II 414 are bent into an L-shaped structure, the width of the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces of L reinforcing plate I413 and L reinforcing plate II 414 after bending is equal, and the width of the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces of L-shaped plate I411 and L-shaped plate II 412 is smaller than that of the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces of L-shaped plate I413 and L reinforcing plate II 414, the width of the L-shaped short-edge plate surfaces of L reinforcing plate I413 and L reinforcing plate II 414 is also equal, and the width of the L-shaped short-edge plate surfaces of L-shaped plate I411 and L-shaped plate II 412 is equal, the length of L reinforcing plate I413 perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely the length of L reinforcing plate II 414 perpendicular to the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces and the L-shaped short-edge plate surfaces is equal to that of L-shaped plate II 412, the length of L reinforcing plate I413 perpendicular to the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces is equal to that of L-shaped plate II along the L-shaped plane, and the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces 413 of L reinforcing plate are provided with 5 uniform surfaces perpendicular to the L-shaped plane The axis of the round hole is vertical to the L-shaped long-side plate surface, 4 round holes with the axis vertical to the L-shaped long-side plate surface are uniformly arranged on the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L reinforcing plate II 414 along the direction vertical to the L-shaped plane, the L-shaped long-side plate surfaces of the L reinforcing plate I413 and the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I411 are parallel to each other, the L-shaped long-side plate surfaces of the L reinforcing plate I413 and the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I411 are buckled together in parallel, the edge of the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L reinforcing plate I413 far away from the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces is aligned with the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I411, two ends of the L reinforcing plate I413 vertical to the L-shaped plane direction, namely the two ends of the L-shaped long-side plate surface and the short-side plate surface directions are aligned with the two ends of the L-shaped plate I411, two ends of the impurity removing long shaft 421 with the rectangular cross section of the impurity removing long roller are respectively extended with round section shaft sections with different lengths, the excircle of the cleaning wheel 422 with a rectangular hole at the center is uniformly extended with 12 cleaning fingers, each cleaning finger is positioned in the same plane vertical to the axis of the cleaning wheel 422 and inclines towards the same circumferential direction, the cleaning wheels 422 are sleeved on the middle rectangular section of the cleaning long shaft 421 through the rectangular hole at the center, the inclination direction of the cleaning fingers of each cleaning wheel 422 is the same, and the two ends of the cleaning wheels 422 sleeved on the cleaning long shaft 421 are fixed through a retaining ring 423, one end of the cleaning long shaft 421 of the cleaning long roller 42 with the same number of round holes arranged on the L-shaped long shaft surface of the L-shaped plate II 412, which is extended with the longer round section shaft section, is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413 together, one end of the cleaning long shaft 421 of the cleaning long roller 42, which is extended with the shorter round section shaft section, is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate II 412 and the L-reinforcing plate II together 414, the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped plate II 412 are both positioned at the inner side close to the impurity removing wheel 422, the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped plate II 412 are positioned at the same side of a plane formed by the impurity removing long rollers 42, the inclined directions of impurity removing fingers of the impurity removing wheels 422 on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers 42 are the same, the impurity removing wheels 422 on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers 42 are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the impurity removing long shaft 421, circular-section shaft sections respectively extend out of two ends of the impurity removing short shaft 431 with rectangular cross sections of the impurity removing short rollers, the lengths of the circular-section shaft sections at the two ends are different, the impurity removing wheels 422 are sleeved in the middle rectangular-section of the impurity removing short shaft 431 through a central rectangular hole, two ends of the impurity removing wheels 422 sleeved on the impurity removing short shaft 431 are fixed through retaining rings 423, one end of the impurity removing short shaft section 431 of the impurity removing short shaft 43, which extends out of a longer circular-section shaft section, is supported in a residual round hole at one end of a combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-reinforced plate I413 together, a fixing ring 432 is sleeved at one end of the impurity removing short shaft 431 extending out of the shaft section with a short circular section, the impurity removing short rollers 43 and the impurity removing wheels 422 on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers 42 are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the impurity removing long shaft 421, the assembled impurity removing frame 41 and the assembled impurity removing long rollers 42 are arranged on 2 mounting plates II 12 of the harvester frame 1 through an L-shaped plate I411 and an L-shaped plate II 412 of the impurity removing frame 41, the impurity removing long roller 42 is positioned at one side close to the mounting plate II 12, the impurity removing short rollers 43 are positioned at a linear section which is far away from the mounting plate II 12 in the 2 linear sections close to the support frame 31, the inclination direction of impurity removing fingers above the impurity removing long rollers 42 is opposite to the running direction of a potato harvester potato soil mixture, the impurity removing short shaft 431 of the impurity removing short rollers 43 is supported on a support arm 2117 of the potato collecting device 2 through the fixing ring 432 at the end part, a potato protecting plate 433 is arranged above the excircle of the fixing ring 432, defining: the long trash removal roll 42 nearest to the mounting plate II 12 is an I-th root removal long roll 42, a second root removal long roll is an II-th root removal long roll … …, and the like, after the extending ends of the long trash removal long shafts 421 of the I-th root removal long rolls 42 close to the mounting plate II 12, which extend out of the long-circular-section shaft sections, penetrate through the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413 are provided with 1 single chain wheel IV 442, 1 single chain wheel III 441 is further arranged, the extending ends of the other trash removal long shafts 421 of the other trash removal long rolls 42, which extend out of the long-circular-section shaft sections, penetrate through the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413 are provided with double chain wheels 443, the outer side chain wheel of each double chain wheel 443 far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413 and the single chain wheel IV 442 arranged on the trash removal long shafts 421 of the I-th root removal long roll 42 are positioned in the same plane, the protruding ends of the trash removal short shafts 431 of the long shafts 431 of the short rolls 43, which extend out of the long-circular-section shaft sections, penetrate through the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped reinforcing plate 413 are provided with single chain wheels 443, and the single chain wheel IV 442 arranged on the edulcoration minor axis 431 and the inner side chain wheel of each double chain wheel 443 close to the L reinforcing plate I413 are positioned in the same plane, the single chain wheel IV 442 arranged on the edulcoration major axis 421 of the first eradicating miscellaneous long roller 42 and the double chain wheel 443 arranged on the edulcoration major axis 421 of the second eradicating miscellaneous long roller 42 adjacent to the first eradicating miscellaneous long roller 42 are hung on the outer side chain wheel far away from the L reinforcing plate I413 by the same 1 piece of chain II 444, the double chain wheel 443 arranged on the edulcoration major axis 421 of the second eradicating miscellaneous long roller 42 and the double chain wheel 443 arranged on the edulcoration major axis 421 of the third eradicating miscellaneous long roller 42 are hung on the inner side chain wheel close to the L reinforcing plate I413 by the same 1 piece of chain II 444, and so on, the double chain wheel 443 arranged on the outermost side of the edulcoration major axis 421 of the edulcoration long roller 42 far away from the mounting plate II 12, namely the largest serial number and the single chain wheel IV 442 II arranged on the inner side chain wheel close to the L reinforcing plate 413 of the edulcoration minor axis 431 of the edulcoration minor axis 43 are hung on the same 1 piece of chain wheel IV chain wheel 444, two ends above the long impurity removing roller 42 are respectively provided with 1 guide plate 45 which is arranged on the inner side surface of the mounting plate II 12 and is in a rectangular plate shape, 2 guide plates 45 are arranged in a trapezoidal state of being close to the first eradicating long impurity removing roller 42 with narrow distance and being close to the short impurity removing roller 43 with wide distance, the outer side of the L-shaped plate I411 which is close to one side of the transmission device 44 and is far away from the impurity removing wheel 422 is provided with a 4-face shield 46 which is in a rectangular box shape, the opening of the 4-face shield 46 faces the direction of the L-shaped plate I411 and covers the single chain wheel IV 442, all double chain wheels 443 and all chains II 444 which are arranged on the short impurity removing shaft 431 of the short impurity removing roller 43.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an intelligence potato harvester removes miscellaneous subtracts loss collection potato system of scarfing soil, includes harvester frame (1), collection potato device (2), buffer (3) and edulcoration device (4), its characterized in that: the tail part of the harvester frame (1) is of a door-shaped structure, the plate surfaces of 2 mounting plates I (11) with rectangular plate shapes on two sides are positioned in the same plane and are perpendicular to the running direction of a potato soil mixture of the potato harvester, the plate surfaces of 2 mounting plates II (12) with rectangular plate shapes positioned on the inner sides of the 2 mounting plates I (11) of the harvester frame (1) are parallel to each other and are parallel to the running direction of the potato soil mixture of the potato harvester, the potato collecting device (2) comprises a potato collecting frame (21), a driving detection device (22) and a conveying belt (23), the potato collecting frame (21) comprises a horizontal frame (211), a folding frame I (212), a folding frame II (213), a hydraulic cylinder I (214) and a hydraulic cylinder II (215), wherein the horizontal frame (211) comprises a cross beam (2111), a longitudinal beam (2112), a stand column (2113), a reinforcing rod (2114), a guard plate I (2115), a guard plate II (2116), The device comprises a support arm (2117), a reversing rubber wheel (2118), a support wheel I (2119) and a support wheel II (2120), wherein two ends of a cross beam (2111) are respectively and fixedly connected with one end of 1 upright (2113), the 1 cross beam (2111) and the 2 upright (2113) are positioned in the same plane to form a U-shaped structure, the combination of 2 groups of 1 cross beam (2111) and 2 upright (2113) is fixedly connected through 2 longitudinal beams (2112), the U-shaped planes formed by the 1 cross beam (2111) and the 2 upright (2113) are parallel to each other in the 2 groups of combination, the cross beam (2111) of the 2 groups of combination is also aligned with the 2 upright (2113) at two ends of the cross beam (2111), the 1 longitudinal beam (2112) connected with the 2 groups of combination is positioned close to the cross beam (2111) of the upright (2113), the other 1 cross beam (2113) is positioned at the end far away from the cross beam (2111), and the middle of the 2 cross beam (2111) is connected through a reinforcing rod (2114), the outer side face, far away from the other group of assembly, of the assembly consisting of 1 cross beam (2111) and 2 uprights (2113) of the group 1 is fixed with a guard plate I (2115), the outer side faces, close to the cross beam (2111), of the 2 uprights (2113) and the 1 longitudinal beam (2112) of each longitudinal beam (2112) of the group 1 are fixed with a guard plate II (2116), one end of a J-shaped support arm (2117) is installed in the middle of the 1 cross beam (2111) where the guard plate I (2115) is not fixed, the other end of the support arm (2117) inclines towards the middle of the guard plate I (2115), an assembled horizontal frame (211) is installed on a 2 mounting plate I (11) of a harvester rack (1) through the outer side face of the 2 uprights (2113) where the guard plate I (2115) is not fixed, the group 2U-shaped opening, formed by the assembly consisting of the 1 cross beam (2111) and the 2 uprights (2113), and the group 2 supporting arm (2117) is upward, and the end, far away from the cross beam (2111) is upward, The horizontal frame is inclined towards the running direction of the potato soil mixture, 2 reversing rubber wheels (2118) are symmetrically arranged at the positions, close to a guard plate II (2116), of the inner sides of 2 beams (2111), 2 rows of support wheels I (2119) are arranged at the inner sides of the 2 beams (2111) along the length direction of the beams (2111), each row is provided with a plurality of support wheels I (2119), the axes of the support wheels I (2119) are located in the same plane parallel to the length direction of the beams (2111), the planes of the support wheels I (2119) in the 2 rows at the inner sides of the 2 beams (2111) are located on two sides of the plane of the 2 reinforcing rods (2114), 1 support wheel II (2120) is arranged below the side, far away from the guard plate II (2116), of the horizontal frame (211), far away from the guard plate II (2116), and the inner surfaces of two sides of the horizontal frame II (212) are provided with a plurality of support wheels (2120), and the folding straight arm I (2111) comprises a folding arm (2121), Reinforcing rods (2114), a first supporting wheel (2119) and a second supporting wheel (2120), wherein 2 folding straight arms (2121) are fixedly connected through the 2 reinforcing rods (2114), the 2 folding straight arms (2121) are positioned in the same plane, two ends of the 2 folding straight arms (2121) are aligned, the distance between the 2 folding straight arms (2121) is equal to the distance between the 2 cross beams (2111) of the horizontal frame (211), the 2 reinforcing rods (2114) for fixing the folding straight arms (2121) are positioned in the same plane, the inner sides of the 2 folding straight arms (2121) are respectively provided with 2 rows of the first supporting wheels (2119) along the length direction of the folding straight arms (2121) and a plurality of the first supporting wheels (2119) in each row, the axes of the first supporting wheels (2119) in the same plane parallel to the length direction of the folding straight arms (2121), and the first supporting wheels (2119) in each row on the inner sides of the reinforcing rods (2114) are respectively positioned on two sides of the reinforcing rods (2114), two ends of each 2 folding straight arms (2121) are respectively provided with a bearing wheel II (2120), one end of each assembled folding frame I (212) is hinged to two ends of a longitudinal beam (2112) of the horizontal frame (211) far away from the guard plate II (2116) through the 2 folding straight arms (2121), the cylinder bodies of the 2 hydraulic cylinders I (214) are respectively hinged to the end parts, close to the guard plate II (2116), of the 2 upright posts (2113) of the horizontal frame (211) far away from the transverse beam (2111), the cylinder rods of the 2 hydraulic cylinders I (214) are respectively hinged to the middle parts of the 2 folding straight arms (2121), each folding frame II (213) comprises a J-shaped folding arm (2131), a reinforcing rod (2114), a miscellaneous shaking wheel (2132), a bearing wheel I (9) and a bearing wheel II (2120), the 2J-shaped folding arms (2131) are fixedly connected through the 2 reinforcing rods (2114), the 2J-shaped folding arms (2131) are completely aligned, and the distance between the 2J-shaped folding arms (2111) is equal to the distance between the folding arms (2121), 2 reinforcing rods (2114) for fixing the J-shaped folding arm (2131) are positioned in the same plane, 1 supporting wheel I (2119) is respectively arranged on the inner side of the middle part of the straight line section of the 2J-shaped folding arms (2131), 2 supporting wheels II (2120) are respectively arranged on the inner side of the joint of the straight line section and the bending section of the 2J-shaped folding arms (2131), the included angles of the plane where the axes of the 2 supporting wheels II (2120) are positioned and the respective straight line section and the bending section of the 2J-shaped folding arms (2131) are equal, 1 supporting wheel II (2120) is respectively arranged at the tail end of the 2J-shaped folding arms (2131) close to the bending section, the assembled folding frame II (213) is far away from the tail end of the straight line section through the bending section of the 2J-shaped folding arms (2131), the tail end of the 2 folding straight folding arms (2121) hinged to the folding frame I (212) is far away from the horizontal frame (211), and the 2 miscellaneous wheels (2132) in a shape are respectively installed at the tail end of the straight line section of the 2J-shaped folding arms (2131) far away from the bending section, the axis of 2 miscellaneous wheel (2132) of shaking is coaxial, and shake the axis of miscellaneous wheel (2132) and 2 pin joint axes of folding leg II (213) and folding leg I (212) and be parallel, the cylinder body of 2 pneumatic cylinder II (215) articulates respectively in 2 folding straight arm (2121) middle parts, the jar pole of 2 pneumatic cylinder II (215) articulates respectively and is close to the terminal end in the section of bending of 2J shape folding arm (2131), drive detection device (22) including driving motor (221), drive shaft (222), drive wheel (223), single chain wheel I (224), single chain wheel II (225), chain I (226), velocity measurement wheel (227), mounting bracket (228) and sensor (229), be equipped with a plurality of driving teeth that are on a disc-shaped drive wheel (223) one side terminal surface and are on a parallel with the drive wheel axis, and evenly distributed on same circumference, the drive shaft (222) both ends that 2 driving wheel (223) were equipped with in the middle part support in the straightway of 2J shape folding leg II (213) folding arm (2131) of folding leg II (213) The end part of the bending section, the driving teeth of 2 driving wheels (223) face to the other 1 driving wheel (223), the driving motor (221) is installed on one side of the bending section, close to the J-shaped folding arm (2131), of the driving shaft (222), the straight line section of the driving motor (221) is installed between the 1J-shaped folding arm (2131), the axis of the driving motor (221) is parallel to the axis of the driving shaft (222), the extending end, after axially passing through the J-shaped folding arm (2131), of the driving motor (221) is provided with a single chain wheel I (224), the extending end, after axially passing through the J-shaped folding arm (2131), of one end, close to the single chain wheel I (224), of the driving shaft (222) is provided with a single chain wheel II (225), the single chain wheel II (225) and the single chain wheel I (224) are located in the same plane, and the same 1 chain I (226) is hung on the single chain wheel I (224) and the single chain wheel II (225), the outer circle of the discoid tachometer wheel (227) is provided with a plurality of tachometer teeth perpendicular to the disc plate surface of the tachometer wheel (227) along the axial direction of the tachometer wheel (227), the tachometer teeth are uniformly distributed on the same circumference, the tachometer wheel (227) and the single chain wheel I (224) are coaxially arranged on the outer side of the single chain wheel I (224) far away from the J-shaped folding arm (2131), the J-shaped folding arm (2131) is positioned between the single chain wheel I (224) and the single chain wheel II (225), an L-shaped mounting frame (228) is fixed on the outer side plate surface, the L-shaped long plate surface of the mounting frame (228) perpendicular to the straight line segment of the J-shaped folding arm (2131) is provided with a round hole, the sensor (229) is arranged on the L-shaped long plate surface of the mounting frame (228) through the round hole on the L-shaped long plate surface of the mounting frame (228), the sensing end of the sensor (229) faces the side of the tachometer wheel (227), And the clearance between the potato chips and the speed measuring teeth of the speed measuring wheel (227) is 1-2mm, the annular conveying belt (23) uniformly extends out of a plurality of potato chips blocking plates (232) along the length direction of the flat belt (231) of the conveying belt (23), each potato chip blocking plate (232) is vertical to the length direction of the flat belt (231), the potato chips blocking plates (232) of the conveying belt (23) face outwards, one end of each potato chip blocking plate close to the folding frame II (213) is hung on the 2 driving wheels (223), one end of each potato chip blocking plate close to the horizontal frame (211) is hung on the 2 reversing rubber wheels (2118), the conveying belt (23) is positioned on the tight section and the loose section between the driving wheels (223) and the reversing rubber wheels (2118) and respectively supported on the 2 rows, a plurality of supporting wheels I (2119) and a plurality of supporting wheels II (2120) arranged on the horizontal frame (211), the folding frame I (212) and the folding frame II (213), and the buffering device (3) comprises a supporting frame (31), The flexible blocking curtain comprises flexible blocking curtains (32) and pressing plates (33), two ends of a support frame (31) bent into a Z shape are respectively supported in the middle of 2 longitudinal beams (2112) and located above a horizontal frame (211), 2 sections of straight line sections of the support frame (31) are parallel to the plate surface of a mounting plate I (11) of a harvester rack (1), the plane where the 2 sections of straight line sections are located is perpendicular to the plate surface of the mounting plate I (11), the length of each flexible blocking curtain (32) is equal to 2 times of the distance between the support frame (31) and the upper edge of a potato blocking plate (232) of a conveying belt (23), the width of each flexible blocking curtain is equal to half of the distance between the inner planes of 2 mounting plates II (12), the flexible blocking curtains (32) are respectively pressed on the 2 sections of the support frame (31) through the 2 pressing plates (33) after being folded along the central line perpendicular to the length direction, and the impurity removal device (4) comprises an impurity removal frame (41), an impurity removal long roller (42), The impurity removing device comprises impurity removing short rollers (43), a transmission device (44), a guide plate (45) and a 4-face shield (46), wherein an impurity removing frame (41) comprises an L-shaped plate I (411), an L-shaped plate II (412), an L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) and an L-shaped reinforcing plate II (414), the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped plate II (412) are both bent into an L-shaped structure, the widths of L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the bent L-shaped plate I (411) and the bent L-shaped plate II (412) are equal, the lengths of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I (411) which are perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely the lengths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces and the L-shaped short side plate surfaces which are perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface and the L-shaped short side plate surface direction are also equal, the lengths of the L-shaped long side plate I (411) which are perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction are perpendicular to the L-shaped plane are uniformly provided with a plurality of round holes of which axes are perpendicular to the L-shaped long side surface, the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate II (412) is also uniformly provided with a plurality of round holes with axes vertical to the L-shaped long side plate surface along the direction vertical to the L-shaped plane, the number of the round holes of the L-shaped plate II (412) is 1 less than that of the round holes of the L-shaped plate I (411), the L-shaped reinforcing plates I (413) and II (414) are bent into an L-shaped structure, the widths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the bent L-shaped reinforcing plates I (413) and II (414) are equal and smaller than those of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I (411) and II (412), the widths of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plates I (413) and II (414) are equal and equal to those of the L-shaped short side plates of the L-shaped plate I (411) and II (412), and the L-shaped reinforcing plate (413) is vertical to the L-shaped plane direction vertical to the L-shaped plane, Namely, the length perpendicular to the direction of the L-shaped long-side plate surface and the short-side plate surface is equal to the length of the L-shaped plate I (411), the length of the L-shaped reinforcing plate II (414) perpendicular to the direction of the L-shaped plane, namely, the length perpendicular to the direction of the L-shaped long-side plate surface and the short-side plate surface is equal to the length of the L-shaped plate II (412), the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) is uniformly provided with round holes which are equal to the round holes on the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped plate I (411) in number and have axes perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surface along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate II (414) is also uniformly provided with round holes which are equal to the round holes on the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped plate II (412) in number and have axes perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surface, the cleaning device comprises 1L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) and 1L-shaped plate I (411), wherein L-shaped long-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) and the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I (411) are parallel to each other, the edges of the L-shaped long-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) far away from the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces are aligned with the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I (411), two ends of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surfaces and the short-side plate surfaces are aligned with two ends of the L-shaped plate I (411), an cleaning long roller (42) comprises a cleaning long shaft (421), a cleaning wheel (422) and a check ring (423), circular-section shaft sections respectively extend from two ends of the cleaning long shaft (421) with rectangular cross sections, the circular-section shaft sections at two ends are different in length, a plurality of cleaning fingers uniformly extend from an excircle of the cleaning wheel (422) with a rectangular hole at the center, each edulcoration finger is positioned in the same plane vertical to the axis of the edulcoration wheel (422) and inclines towards the same circumferential direction, a plurality of edulcoration wheels (422) are sleeved on the middle rectangular section of the edulcoration long shaft (421) through a central rectangular hole, the inclination direction of the edulcoration fingers of each edulcoration wheel (422) is the same, the two ends of the plurality of edulcoration wheels (422) sleeved on the edulcoration long shaft (421) are fixed through a retaining ring (423), one end of the edulcoration long shaft (421) of the edulcoration long roller (42) with the same number of round holes arranged on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate II (412) extending out of the round section shaft section is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413), one end of the edulcoration long shaft (421) of the edulcoration long roller (42) extending out of the short round section is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate II (412) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II (414), the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped plate II (412) are both positioned at the inner side close to the edulcoration wheel (422), the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped plate II (412) are positioned at the same side of a plane formed by each edulcoration long roller (42), the inclined directions of the edulcoration fingers of the edulcoration wheel (422) on each adjacent edulcoration long roller (42) are the same, the edulcoration wheels (422) on each adjacent edulcoration long roller (42) are arranged in a staggered way along the axial direction of the edulcoration long roller (421), the edulcoration short rollers (43) comprise an edulcoration short shaft (431), the edulcoration wheel (422), a fixed ring (432) and a potato protecting plate (433), circular cross-section shaft sections respectively extend out from both ends of the edulcoration short shaft (431) with rectangular cross sections, the length of the circular cross sections at both ends is different, a plurality of the edulcoration wheels (422) are sleeved on the middle rectangular cross section of the edulcoration short shaft (431) through a central rectangular hole, and two ends of the plurality of the edulcoration wheels (422) on the edulcoration short shaft (431) are fixed ring through a retaining ring (423), one end of an impurity removal short shaft (431) of 1 impurity removal short roller (43) extending out of a longer circular section shaft section is supported in a residual circular hole at one end of an assembly formed by buckling an L-shaped plate I (411) and an L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413), one end of the impurity removal short shaft (431) extending out of a shorter circular section shaft section is sleeved with a fixing ring (432), impurity removal wheels (422) on the impurity removal short roller (43) and an adjacent impurity removal long roller (42) are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of an impurity removal long shaft (421), an assembled impurity removal frame (41) and the impurity removal long roller (42) are arranged on 2 mounting plates II (12) of a harvester rack (1) through an L-shaped plate I (411) and an L-shaped plate II (412) of the impurity removal frame (41), the impurity removal long roller (42) is positioned at one side close to the II mounting plate (12), the impurity removal short roller (43) is positioned at a straight line section which is far away from the II (12) in 2 sections close to a support frame (31), and the edulcoration that edulcoration wheel (422) is located edulcoration long roll (42) top indicates the incline direction is opposite with potato harvester potato soil mixture's traffic direction, and edulcoration minor axis (431) of edulcoration short roll (43) are supported on support arm (2117) of collection potato device (2) through solid fixed ring (432) of tip, and the excircle top of solid fixed ring (432) is installed and is protected potato board (433), and transmission (44) include single sprocket III (441), single chain wheel IV (442), double chain wheel (443) and chain II (444), the definition: the long impurity removing roller (42) nearest to the mounting plate II (12) is an I-th long impurity removing roller (42), then is an II-th long impurity removing roller, and is an III-th long impurity removing roller … … again, and so on, after the extending end of the long impurity removing shaft (421) of the I-th long impurity removing roller (42) close to the mounting plate II (12) and extending out of the shaft section with a longer circular section passes through the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) is provided with 1 single chain wheel IV (442), 1 single chain wheel III (441) is arranged, the extending ends of the long impurity removing shafts (421) of the other long impurity removing rollers (42) extending out of the shaft section with a longer circular section pass through the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) are provided with double chain wheels (443), and the outer side chain wheels of each double chain wheel (443) far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) and the single chain wheels (442) arranged on the long impurity removing shaft (421) of the I-th long impurity removing roller (42) are positioned in the same plane IV, the end of a minor axis (431) of the short trash removal roll (43) extending out of the short trash removal roll and provided with a longer circular section shaft section penetrates through the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413), the extending end of the minor axis (431) of the short trash removal roll is provided with a single chain wheel IV (442), the single chain wheel IV (442) arranged on the minor axis (431) of the trash removal roll and the inner side chain wheel of each double chain wheel (443) close to the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) are positioned in the same plane, the single chain wheel IV (442) arranged on the major axis (421) of the first eradicating and miscellaneous long roll (42) and the outer side chain wheel of the double chain wheel (443) arranged on the major axis (421) of the second eradicating and miscellaneous long roll (42) adjacent to the first eradicating and miscellaneous long roll (42) and far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) are hung with the same 1 piece of chain wheel II (444) on the outer side chain wheel, and the double chain wheel (443) arranged on the major axis (421) of the trash removal long axis (42) of the eradicating miscellaneous long roll (42) and the inner side chain wheel close to the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) close to the L-shaped reinforcing plate I The device is provided with 1 piece of chain II (444), and so on, a double chain wheel (443) arranged on an impurity removal long shaft (421) of an impurity removal long roller (42) which is far away from the outermost side of a mounting plate II (12), namely, the largest serial number is close to an inner side chain wheel of an L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413), and a single chain wheel IV (442) arranged on an impurity removal short shaft (431) of an impurity removal short roller (43) are hung with 1 piece of chain II (444), two ends above the impurity removal long roller (42) are respectively provided with 1 piece of guide plate (45) which is arranged on the inner side surface of the mounting plate II (12) and is in a rectangular plate shape, 2 pieces of guide plates (45) are arranged in a trapezoidal state of narrow distance close to the first eradicating impurity removal long roller (42) and wide distance close to one side of the impurity removal short roller (43), a 4-face protective cover (46) in a rectangular box shape is arranged on the outer side of the L-shaped plate I (411) close to one side of a transmission device (44) and far away from the impurity removal wheel (422), the opening of the 4-face shield (46) faces the direction of the L-shaped plate I (411) and covers a single chain wheel IV (442), all double chain wheels (443) and all chains II (444) which are arranged on the trash removal short shaft (431) of the trash removal short roller (43).