CN111937560B - Longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing and damage reducing device of potato harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing and loss reducing device of a potato harvester, which is characterized in that: the long roller for removing the impurities comprises an impurity removing long shaft, impurity removing wheels and check rings, wherein the two ends of the impurity removing long shaft with the cross section in a rectangular shape are respectively extended with a round cross section shaft section, the lengths of the round cross section shaft sections at the two ends are different, the excircle of the impurity removing wheel with a rectangular hole at the center is uniformly extended with a plurality of impurity removing fingers, each impurity removing finger is positioned in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the impurity removing wheel and inclines towards the same circumferential direction, the middle rectangular cross section sections of the impurity removing long shaft are sleeved with the impurity removing wheels through the rectangular hole at the center, the round cross section shaft sections are respectively extended from the two ends of the impurity removing short shaft with the cross section in a rectangular shape, the lengths of the round cross section shaft sections at the two ends are different, and the middle rectangular cross section sections of the impurity removing short shaft are sleeved with the rectangular hole at the center. The invention can realize the control of soil cleaning, impurity removal and loss reduction, and has good loss reduction effect and high working reliability.

Description

Longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing and damage reducing device of potato harvester

Technical Field

The invention provides a longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing and loss reducing device of a potato harvester, which is mainly used for loss reduction and loss prevention of a potato combine harvester.

Background

The technology of the potato segmental harvester is mature, and the intelligent potato combined harvester gradually becomes a key device for large-scale mechanization. The method has the advantages that the potato soil mixture which is screened by the separating screen after excavation can be efficiently cleaned and decontaminated at low cost, and the method is the key for influencing the operation performance of the potato combine harvester. Adopt conventional cleaning plant, then the potato after cleaning falls to collecting the potato conveyer belt after the distribution comparatively concentrates, often causes the potato to extrude each other and violently high frequency collision at collection potato loading in-process because bed of material thickness is great under the operation circumstances of high-efficient results, conveyer belt flexible buffering impairment effect also can not obtain make full use of to lead to potato combine to hurt potato rate and broken skin rate and remain high.

For the soil cleaning and impurity removing process of the potato combine harvester, if the collision intensity of a potato soil mixture after being separated by a screen surface of a separating screen can be reduced to the maximum extent after the soil cleaning and impurity removing process according to different potato harvesting working conditions, potatoes are ensured to be uniformly distributed on a conveying belt behind the soil cleaning and impurity removing process, and the effective conveying space of the conveying belt in the width direction is fully utilized, so that the potato damage phenomenon caused by more falling collision times of the potatoes can be reduced, the excessive extrusion damage of the potatoes caused by too thick material layers can be effectively avoided, the potato damage rate and the potato peel breaking rate are reduced as far as possible, the adjustment is accurate and reliable, and the harvesting quality is ensured.

The key for ensuring the harvest quality of the potatoes is the soil cleaning, impurity removal and potato loss reduction in the combined potato harvest process. In order to realize the loss reduction of the collected potatoes during potato harvesting, the invention provides a national invention patent of a non-equidistant longitudinal potato collecting, loss reducing and separating device of a potato harvester, and the application numbers are as follows: 201810624154.6, the utility model can realize the potato collecting, loss reducing and separating operation in the potato combined harvest process, especially reduce the collision frequency and improve the potato harvest quality to a certain extent. However, field experiments find that after the conventional soil cleaning and impurity removing device is adopted for soil cleaning and impurity removing operation, potato blocks are distributed and concentrated and collide seriously in the potato collecting process, and the potato damage rate and the potato breakage rate cannot meet the normal harvesting requirement, so that the great harvesting loss is caused. Therefore, the soil clearing and impurity removing operation is one of the key points influencing 2 technical indexes of the potato damage rate and the peeling rate of the potato combine harvester, and is the urgent practical engineering requirement for improving the adaptability of the potato combine harvester to different harvesting working conditions. The present situation of the potato combine harvester is comprehensively observed, and a potato harvester which is provided with a longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing and loss reducing device and can realize longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing and loss reducing is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing and loss reducing device of a potato harvester, which can realize longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing, high-efficiency low-loss harvesting, stable and reliable work and wide application range.

The technical scheme is as follows: including edulcoration frame, the long roller of edulcoration, the short roller of edulcoration, transmission, guide plate and 4 shields, the edulcoration frame includes L shaped plate I, L shaped plate II, L shaped plate I and L shaped plate II all bend into "L" shape structure, the width of the long limit face of "L" shape of L shaped plate I after bending and L shaped plate II equals, "the width of L" shape minor face also equals, "the perpendicular to" L "shape planar direction of L shaped plate I, the length that is perpendicular to" L "shape long limit face and minor face direction simultaneously is greater than the length of L shaped plate II, the long limit face of" L "shape of L shaped plate I evenly is equipped with the round hole of the long limit face of a plurality of axis perpendicular to" L "shape along the direction perpendicular to" L "shape planar direction, the long limit of" L "shape of L shaped plate II also evenly is equipped with the round hole of a plurality of axis perpendicular to" L "shape long limit face of the long limit, The number of the round holes of the L-shaped plate II is 1 less than that of the round holes of the L-shaped plate I, the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II are bent into an L-shaped structure, the widths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II after bending are equal and smaller than those of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II, the widths of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II are equal and equal to those of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II, the length of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, which is perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface and the short side plate surface direction, is equal to that of the L-shaped plate I, the L-shaped reinforcing plate II, which is perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface and the short side surface direction, is equal to that of the L-shaped plate II, the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I is uniformly provided with round holes with the same number as the round holes on the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped plate I in the direction vertical to the L-shaped plane, the axis of the round holes is vertical to the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate II is also uniformly provided with round holes with the same number as the round holes on the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped plate II in the direction vertical to the L-shaped plane, the axis of the round holes is vertical to the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate II, the L-shaped long-edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped short-edge plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I are parallel to each other, the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, which is far away from the L-shaped short-edge plate surface, is aligned to the L-shaped short edge plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, the L-shaped reinforcing plate I is vertical to the L-shaped plane direction, The two ends of the long side plate surface and the short side plate surface which are perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface are aligned with the two ends of the L-shaped plate I, the impurity removal long roller comprises an impurity removal long shaft, impurity removal wheels and check rings, the two ends of the impurity removal long shaft which is rectangular in cross section respectively extend out to form circular cross section shaft sections, the lengths of the circular cross section shaft sections at the two ends are different, the outer circle of the impurity removal wheel with a rectangular hole in the center uniformly extends out to form a plurality of impurity removal fingers, each impurity removal finger is positioned in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the impurity removal wheel and inclined towards the same circumferential direction, the impurity removal wheels are sleeved on the middle rectangular cross section of the impurity removal long shaft through the rectangular hole in the center, the inclined directions of the impurity removal fingers of each impurity removal wheel are the same, the two ends of the impurity removal wheels sleeved on the impurity removal long shaft are fixed through the check rings, one end, which extends out to form a long shaft section with the impurity removal long shaft section of the impurity removal long roller with the same number of round holes on the L-shaped long side plate surface which is arranged on the L-shaped long side plate II, is supported on the assembly which is buckled with the L-shaped long side plate I and is buckled with the L-shaped plate I In the round hole, one end of the long impurity removing shaft of the long impurity removing roller, which extends out of the short round section shaft section, is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate II and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II, the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II are both positioned at the inner side close to the impurity removing wheel, the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II are positioned at the same side of the plane formed by the long impurity removing rollers, the inclined directions of impurity removing fingers of the impurity removing wheel on each adjacent long impurity removing roller are the same, the impurity removing wheels on each adjacent long impurity removing roller are arranged along the axial direction of the long impurity removing shaft in a staggered manner, each short impurity removing roller comprises a short impurity removing shaft, impurity removing wheels, a fixing ring and a potato protecting plate, the round section shaft sections respectively extend out of the two ends of the short impurity removing shaft with rectangular sections, the lengths of the round section shaft sections at the two ends are different, the plurality of the impurity removing wheels are sleeved on the middle rectangular hole at the short section of the impurity removing shaft, and the impurity removing wheels sleeved on the short shaft are fixed by the retaining rings, one end of the short impurity removal shaft of the 1 short impurity removal roller, which extends out of the shaft section with a longer circular section, is supported in a residual round hole at one end of a combination body formed by buckling an L-shaped plate I and an L-shaped reinforcing plate I, one end of the short impurity removal shaft, which extends out of the shaft section with a shorter circular section, is sleeved with a fixing ring, the short impurity removal rollers and impurity removal wheels on the adjacent long impurity removal rollers are arranged in a staggered manner along the axial direction of the long impurity removal shaft, the assembled impurity removal frame and the long impurity removal rollers are arranged on 2 mounting plates II of a harvester frame 1 of an intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removal, damage reduction and potato collection system through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II of the impurity removal frame, the long impurity removal roller is positioned at one side of the mounting plate II close to the harvester frame 1, the short impurity removal roller is positioned at a linear section far away from the mounting plate II in 2 sections of straight line sections of a support frame of a buffer device of the intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removal, damage reduction and potato collection system, and the edulcoration wheel lies in the incline direction that the edulcoration of edulcoration long roll top indicates opposite with the traffic direction of potato harvester potato soil mixture, and the edulcoration minor axis of edulcoration short roll supports on the support arm of the horizontal bracket of the collection potato device of "intelligent potato harvester removes soil edulcoration and subtracts and decreases collection potato system" through the solid fixed ring of tip, and the outer circle top of solid fixed ring is installed and is protected the potato board, and transmission includes single sprocket III, single chain wheel IV, double sprocket and chain II, defines: the long impurity removal roller closest to a mounting plate II of a harvester frame of an intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removal, loss reduction and potato collection system is an I root removing long roller, a II root, a III root … … and the like, wherein the end, extending out of a long impurity removal long shaft, of the I root removing long roller, close to the mounting plate II of the harvester frame, of a long circular cross section shaft section penetrates through an L-shaped plate I and an L-shaped reinforcing plate I, is provided with 1 single chain wheel IV, then is provided with 1 single chain wheel III, the extending ends, extending out of the long circular cross section shaft sections, of the other impurity removal long rollers penetrate through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I are provided with double chain wheels, the outer side chain wheel, far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, of each double chain wheel and the single chain wheel IV arranged on the long impurity removal shaft of the I root removing long roller are positioned in the same plane, the extending end, extending out of the short impurity removal short shaft section, of each impurity removal short shaft of each impurity removal short roller, penetrates through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I single chain wheel, and a single chain wheel IV arranged on the short impurity removal shaft and inner side chain wheels of the double chain wheels close to the L reinforcing plate I are positioned in the same plane, a single chain wheel IV arranged on the long impurity removal shaft of the first eradicating long impurity roller and an outer side chain wheel arranged on the long impurity removal shaft of the second eradicating long impurity roller adjacent to the first eradicating long impurity roller and far away from the L reinforcing plate I are hung with 1 piece of chain II, a double chain wheel arranged on the long impurity removal shaft of the second eradicating long impurity roller and an inner side chain wheel arranged on the long impurity removal shaft of the third eradicating long impurity roller and close to the L reinforcing plate I are hung with 1 piece of chain II, and so on, the inner side chain wheel arranged on the outermost side of a mounting plate II far away from a harvester frame, namely the inner side chain wheel close to the L reinforcing plate I of the long impurity removal shaft of the impurity removal long impurity removal roller with the largest serial number and the single chain wheel IV arranged on the short impurity removal shaft of the short impurity removal roller are hung with 1 piece of chain II, the long roller top both ends of edulcoration respectively are equipped with 1 and install on II medial surfaces of mounting panel of harvester frame, be rectangular plate-like guide plate, and be between 2 guide plates "it is narrow to be close to first eradicate miscellaneous long roller one side distance, be close to the trapezoidal state of edulcoration short roller one side distance width" and arrange, the outside that the edulcoration wheel was kept away from to L shaped plate I that is close to transmission one side is equipped with 4 shields that are the rectangular box shape, the opening of 4 shields is towards the direction of L shaped plate I, and cover the single sprocket IV of installing on the edulcoration short axis of edulcoration short roller, all double sprocket and all chains II.

On the basis of the prior art, an L-shaped plate I and an L-shaped plate II of an impurity removing frame are both bent into an L-shaped structure, the width of the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II after bending are equal, the width of the L-shaped short side plate surface of the L-shaped plate I is also equal, the length of the L-shaped plate I, which is perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, is larger than that of the L-shaped plate II, 5 round holes with axes perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface are uniformly arranged on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate I along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, 4 round holes with axes perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface are uniformly arranged on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate II along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II are both bent into an L-shaped structure, the width of the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II after bending is equal, The widths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II are smaller than the widths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II, the widths of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II are equal to the widths of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II, the length of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, which is perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface and the short side plate surface, is equal to the length of the L-shaped plate I, the length of the L-shaped reinforcing plate II, which is perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface and the short side plate surface, is equal to the length of the L-shaped plate II, the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I is uniformly provided with 5 round holes, the axes of which are perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface, along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, the L-shaped long side plate surface is uniformly provided with 4 round holes, the axes of the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate II, the cleaning roller comprises 1L reinforcing plate I and 1L-shaped plate I, wherein L-shaped long edge plate surfaces of the L reinforcing plate I and the L-shaped short edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I are parallel to each other, L-shaped short edge plate surfaces of the L reinforcing plate I are buckled together in a parallel mode, edges, far away from the L-shaped short edge plate surfaces, of the L-shaped long edge plate surfaces of the L reinforcing plate I are aligned with the L-shaped short edge plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I, two ends, perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, of the L reinforcing plate I, perpendicular to the L-shaped long edge plate surfaces and two ends of the L-shaped short edge plate surfaces are aligned with two ends of the L-shaped plate I, two ends of a cleaning long shaft with a rectangular cross section of each cleaning long roller extend to be round cross-section shaft sections, the lengths of the round cross-section shaft sections at the two ends are different, an outer circle of the cleaning roller with a rectangular hole in the center uniformly extends to be provided with 12 cleaning fingers, each cleaning finger is positioned in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the cleaning roller and inclines towards the same circumferential direction, a plurality of the cleaning long shaft are sleeved on the rectangular cross section of the cleaning long shaft in the rectangular hole in the center, the inclined directions of the impurity removing fingers of the impurity removing wheels are the same, the two ends of the impurity removing wheels sleeved on the impurity removing long shaft are fixed through check rings, 4 the impurity removing long shaft of each impurity removing long roller extends out of a round hole of a combination body formed by buckling a long round section shaft section in an L-shaped plate I and a L-shaped reinforcing plate I, one end of the impurity removing long shaft of each impurity removing long roller extending out of a short round section shaft section is supported in a round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate II and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II, the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped plate II are both positioned close to the inner side of the impurity removing wheels, L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped short side plate II are positioned on the same side of a plane formed by the impurity removing long rollers, the inclined directions of the impurity removing fingers of the impurity removing wheels on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers are the same, the impurity removing wheels on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the impurity removing long shaft, and the impurity removing short rollers are rectangular in cross section and the two ends of the impurity removing short shaft respectively extend out of the round section shaft section, The lengths of the circular-section shaft sections at two ends are different, a plurality of impurity removing wheels are sleeved on the middle rectangular-section of an impurity removing short shaft through a central rectangular hole, the two ends of the impurity removing wheels sleeved on the impurity removing short shaft are fixed through retaining rings, one end of the impurity removing short shaft of 1 impurity removing short roller, which extends out of the long-circular-section shaft section, is supported in a residual round hole at one end of a combination body formed by buckling an L-shaped plate I and an L-shaped reinforcing plate I, one end of the impurity removing short shaft, which extends out of the short-circular-section shaft section, is sleeved with a fixing ring, the impurity removing short rollers and the impurity removing wheels on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the impurity removing long shaft, an assembled impurity removing frame and the impurity removing long rollers are installed on 2 mounting plates II of a harvester frame 1 of an intelligent potato harvester soil removing and impurity removing loss reducing collecting system through the L-shaped plates I and the L-shaped plate II of the impurity removing frame, the impurity removing long rollers are positioned on one side close to the mounting plate II of the harvester frame 1, the edulcoration stub roll is arranged in 2 sections of straightways of the support frame of buffer near "the clear soil edulcoration of intelligent potato picker subtracts decreases collection potato system" apart from straight line section department that II are far away of mounting panel, and the edulcoration wheel is arranged in the slope direction that the edulcoration of edulcoration long roll top indicates and the traffic direction of potato picker potato soil mixture is opposite, the edulcoration minor axis of edulcoration stub roll supports on the support arm of the collection potato device of "the clear soil edulcoration of intelligent potato picker subtracts decreases collection potato system" through the solid fixed ring of tip, gu install above the fixed ring's excircle and protect the potato board, the definition: the long impurity removal roller closest to a mounting plate II of a harvester frame of an intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removal, loss reduction and potato collection system is an I root removing long roller, a II root, a III root … … and the like, wherein the end, extending out of a long impurity removal long shaft, of the I root removing long roller, close to the mounting plate II of the harvester frame, of a long circular cross section shaft section penetrates through an L-shaped plate I and an L-shaped reinforcing plate I, is provided with 1 single chain wheel IV, then is provided with 1 single chain wheel III, the extending ends, extending out of the long circular cross section shaft sections, of the other impurity removal long rollers penetrate through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I are provided with double chain wheels, the outer side chain wheel, far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate I, of each double chain wheel and the single chain wheel IV arranged on the long impurity removal shaft of the I root removing long roller are positioned in the same plane, the extending end, extending out of the short impurity removal short shaft section, of each impurity removal short shaft of each impurity removal short roller, penetrates through the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I single chain wheel, and a single chain wheel IV arranged on the short impurity removal shaft and inner side chain wheels of the double chain wheels close to the L reinforcing plate I are positioned in the same plane, a single chain wheel IV arranged on the long impurity removal shaft of the first eradicating long impurity roller and an outer side chain wheel arranged on the long impurity removal shaft of the second eradicating long impurity roller adjacent to the first eradicating long impurity roller and far away from the L reinforcing plate I are hung with 1 piece of chain II, a double chain wheel arranged on the long impurity removal shaft of the second eradicating long impurity roller and an inner side chain wheel arranged on the long impurity removal shaft of the third eradicating long impurity roller and close to the L reinforcing plate I are hung with 1 piece of chain II, and so on, the inner side chain wheel arranged on the outermost side of a mounting plate II far away from a harvester frame, namely the inner side chain wheel close to the L reinforcing plate I of the long impurity removal shaft of the impurity removal long impurity removal roller with the largest serial number and the single chain wheel IV arranged on the short impurity removal shaft of the short impurity removal roller are hung with 1 piece of chain II, the long roller top both ends of edulcoration respectively are equipped with 1 and install on II medial surfaces of mounting panel of harvester frame, be rectangular plate-like guide plate, and be between 2 guide plates "it is narrow to be close to first eradicate miscellaneous long roller one side distance, be close to the trapezoidal state of edulcoration short roller one side distance width" and arrange, the outside that the edulcoration wheel was kept away from to L shaped plate I that is close to transmission one side is equipped with 4 shields that are the rectangular box shape, the opening of 4 shields is towards the direction of L shaped plate I, and cover the single sprocket IV of installing on the edulcoration short axis of edulcoration short roller, all double sprocket and all chains II.

The working principle is as follows: the soil cleaning and impurity removing device is arranged behind the separating screen of the potato harvester, and the potato soil mixture enters one end, close to the frame of the harvester, of the impurity removing device of the soil cleaning and impurity removing damage-reducing potato collecting system after being separated by the rod type separating screen. The potato harvester transmits power to a single chain wheel I of the impurity removal device through a chain, in the working process, under the driving action of the chain transmission, impurity removal wheels arranged on an impurity removal long shaft and an impurity removal short shaft rotate towards the running direction of a potato soil mixture, the potato soil mixture realizes soil cleaning and impurity removal under the rolling motion and the collision, friction, kneading and other actions between the potato soil mixture and impurity removal fingers, and meanwhile, the impurity removal fingers are also beneficial to removing soil adhered to the surfaces of potatoes and forcing seedling vines mixed in the potato soil mixture to pass through a sieve for separation in the turning process. Because L shaped plate I and L shaped plate II are along potato soil mixture traffic direction's length inequality, L reinforcing plate I is unequal with L reinforcing plate II along potato soil mixture traffic direction's length, and the edulcoration minor axis of edulcoration short roll supports on the support arm of collection potato device through the solid fixed ring of tip, constitutes a vertical non-equidistance soil cleaning edulcoration device promptly. And the edulcoration short roll of edulcoration device is equipped with album potato device along potato soil mixture traffic direction's back below, and the traffic direction of the conveyer belt of album potato device is mutually perpendicular with the traffic direction of potato soil mixture, and consequently when accomplishing potato piece after the clear soil edulcoration and falling to the conveyer belt, the clear soil edulcoration structure of vertical non-equidistance can be with potato evenly distributed in the width direction of conveyer belt, avoids the potato piece to distribute too intensively and the extrusion and the collision that produce. Meanwhile, the effects of soil cleaning and impurity removal can be improved by adjusting the rotating speeds of different chain wheels according to the soil condition of the harvested land.

Compared with the prior art, the longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing and loss reducing device of the potato harvester adopts the impurity removing process of longitudinal non-equidistant soil cleaning, impurity removing and loss reducing, so that fatigue accumulated damage and mechanical damage of potato blocks caused by multi-frequency collision and friction are effectively avoided, and the potato damage rate and the peeling rate are reduced. The operating speed of the transmission device is adjusted, so that the requirements of soil cleaning and impurity removal under different harvesting working condition soil characteristic conditions can be met, and the purposes of reducing collision and reducing loss are achieved. Aiming at the difference of actual conditions such as soil working conditions, potato yield and the use of the harvested potato blocks, the system can adjust and control the soil cleaning and impurity removing process, and ensures the high-efficiency and low-loss harvesting of the potatoes to the maximum extent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the baffle and 4-sided shield hidden;

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 from another orientation with the baffle and 4-sided shield removed;

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the L-shaped plate I and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I of the trash rack of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 after being buckled;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the L-shaped plate II and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II of the trash rack of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 after being buckled;

FIG. 6 is a partial isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 except for the doctor blade;

FIG. 7 is a partial isometric view of the trash extraction stub roll of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the transmission of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the trash major axis removed;

FIG. 10 is an isometric view of the trash removal wheel of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

Detailed Description

41. The device comprises an impurity removing frame 411, an L-shaped plate I412, an L-shaped plate II 413, an L-shaped reinforcing plate I414, an L-shaped reinforcing plate II 42, an impurity removing long roller 421, an impurity removing long shaft 422, an impurity removing wheel 423, a retainer ring 43, an impurity removing short roller 431, an impurity removing short shaft 432, a fixing ring 433, a potato protecting plate 44, a transmission device 441, a single chain wheel III 442, a single chain wheel IV 443, a double chain wheel 444, a chain II 45, a guide plate 46 and a 4-face shield.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-10: the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped plate II 412 of the impurity removing frame 41 are both bent into an L-shaped structure, the width of the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the bent L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped plate II 412 is equal, the width of the L-shaped short-edge plate surface is also equal, the length of the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped plate I411, which is perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, is larger than that of the L-shaped plate II 412, the length of the L-shaped long-edge plate surface and the length of the L-shaped short-edge plate surface, which are perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, of the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped plate I411 are uniformly provided with 5 round holes, the axes of which are perpendicular to the L-shaped long-edge plate surface, along the L-shaped plane direction, of the L-shaped long-edge plate surface of the L-shaped plate I411, the L-shaped long-edge plate I413 and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II 414 are both bent into an L-shaped structure, the L-shaped reinforcing plates I413 and II 414 are equal in width, and L-reinforcing plates, The widths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plates I411 and II 412 are smaller than the widths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plates I411 and II 412, the widths of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plates I413 and II 414 are equal, the widths of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plates I411 and II 412 are equal, the length of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413 perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surfaces and the short side plate surfaces is equal to the length of the L-shaped plate I411, the length of the L-shaped reinforcing plate II 414 perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surfaces and the short side plate surfaces is equal to the length of the L-shaped plate II 412, the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413 are uniformly provided with 4 axial lines perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surfaces along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, and the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped circular hole reinforcing plate II 414 are uniformly provided with 4 axial lines perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surfaces The round hole of the L-shaped long-side plate surface, the L-shaped long-side plate surfaces of 1L-shaped reinforcing plate I413 and 1L-shaped plate I411 are parallel to each other, the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces are also buckled together in parallel, the edge of the L-shaped long-side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413, which is far away from the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces, is aligned with the L-shaped short-side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I411, the two ends of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413, which are perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, perpendicular to the L-shaped long-side plate surfaces and the short-side plate surfaces, are aligned with the two ends of the L-shaped plate I411, the two ends of the impurity removal long shaft 421, the cross section of which is rectangular in cross section, of which extend out are provided with round-section shaft sections, the lengths of the round-section shaft sections at the two ends are different, the excircle of the impurity removal wheel 422, which is provided with a rectangular hole at the center, extends out 12 impurity removal fingers evenly, the impurity removal fingers are all positioned in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the impurity removal wheel 422, And inclined towards the same circumferential direction, a plurality of edulcoration wheels 422 are sleeved on the middle rectangular section of the edulcoration long shaft 421 through a central rectangular hole, the direction of inclination of the edulcoration fingers of each edulcoration wheel 422 is the same, and both ends of the plurality of edulcoration wheels 422 sleeved on the edulcoration long shaft 421 are fixed through retaining rings 423, the number of the edulcoration long shaft 421 of the edulcoration long roller 42, which is equal to the number of the round holes arranged on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate II 412, is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413, the end of the edulcoration long shaft 421 of the edulcoration long roller 42, which is extended with the short round section, is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate II 412 and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II 414, the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped plate II 412 are both positioned near the inner sides of the edulcoration wheels 422, and the L-shaped short sides of the L-shaped plate 411 and the L-shaped plate II 412 are positioned on the same side of the plane formed by each edulcoration long roller 42, the inclined directions of the impurity removing fingers of the impurity removing wheels 422 on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers 42 are the same, the impurity removing wheels 422 on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers 42 are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the impurity removing long shaft 421, the two ends of the impurity removing short shaft 431 with the rectangular cross section of the impurity removing short roller 43 respectively extend out of round cross section shaft sections, the lengths of the round cross section shaft sections at the two ends are different, the plurality of impurity removing wheels 422 are sleeved on the middle rectangular cross section of the impurity removing short shaft 431 through a central rectangular hole, the two ends of the plurality of impurity removing wheels 422 sleeved on the impurity removing short shaft 431 are fixed through retaining rings 423, one end of the impurity removing short shaft 431 of 1 impurity removing short roller 43, which extends out of a longer round cross section shaft section, is supported in a residual round hole at one end of a combination body formed by buckling an L-shaped plate I411 and an L-shaped reinforcing plate I413 together, one end of the impurity removing short shaft section 431, which extends out of a shorter round cross section shaft section is sleeved with a fixing ring 432, and the impurity removing short rollers 43 and the impurity removing wheels 422 on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers 42 are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the impurity removing long shafts 421, the assembled impurity removing frame 41 and the long impurity removing roller 42 are arranged on 2 mounting plates II 12 of a harvester frame 1 of an intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removing, loss reducing and potato collecting system through an L-shaped plate I411 and an L-shaped plate II 412 of the impurity removing frame 41, the long impurity removing roller 42 is positioned at one side of the mounting plate II 12 close to the harvester frame 1, the short impurity removing roller 43 is positioned at a linear section which is far away from the mounting plate II 12 in 2 sections of linear sections of a supporting frame 31 of a buffer device 3 close to the intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removing, loss reducing and potato collecting system, the impurity removing wheel 422 is positioned at the inclined direction of an impurity removing finger above the long impurity removing roller 42 and is opposite to the running direction of a potato harvester potato soil mixture, an impurity removing short shaft 431 of the short impurity removing roller 43 is supported on a supporting arm 2117 of a horizontal frame 211 of the potato collecting device 2 of the intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removing, loss reducing and potato collecting system through a fixing ring 432 at the end part, the outer circle top of the fixed ring 432 is provided with a potato protecting plate 433 which is defined as follows: the long impurity removing roller 42 closest to the mounting plate II 12 of the harvester frame 1 of the intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removing, damage reducing and potato collecting system is an I-th long impurity removing roller 42, a II-th roller is an III-th roller … …, and the like, one end of the long impurity removing shaft 421 of the I-th long impurity removing roller 42, which is close to the mounting plate II 12 of the harvester frame 1, extending out of a shaft section with a longer circular cross section passes through the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413, is provided with 1 single chain wheel IV 442, then is provided with 1 single chain wheel III 441, one end of the long impurity removing shaft 421 of the other long impurity removing rollers 42, extending out of the shaft section with the longer circular cross section passes through the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413, is provided with double chain wheels 443, the outer side of each double chain wheel 443, which is far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413, is positioned in the same plane with the single chain wheel IV 442 arranged on the long impurity removing shaft 421 of the I-th long impurity removing roller 42, the end of the minor trash shaft 431 of the short trash removal roller 43, which extends out of the shaft section with a longer circular cross section, penetrates through the L-shaped plate I411 and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413, the extending end is provided with a single chain wheel IV 442, the single chain wheel IV 442 arranged on the minor trash shaft 431 and the inner side chain wheel of each double chain wheel 443, which is close to the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413, are positioned in the same plane, the single chain wheel IV 442 arranged on the major trash shaft 421 of the first eradicating miscellaneous long roller 42 and the outer side chain wheel 443 arranged on the major trash removal shaft 421 of the second eradicating miscellaneous long roller 42 adjacent to the first eradicating miscellaneous long roller 42 and far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413 are hung with 1 piece of chain II 444, the double chain wheel 443 arranged on the major trash removal shaft 421 of the second eradicating miscellaneous long roller 42 and the inner side chain wheel 443 arranged on the major trash removal shaft 421 of the third eradicating miscellaneous long roller 42 and close to the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413 are hung with 1 piece of chain 444, and so on the mounting plate II 12 far away from the harvester frame 1, and so on, Namely, the double chain wheel 443 on the long trash removal shaft 421 of the largest trash removal long roller 42 with the largest serial number is close to the inner side chain wheel of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I413, and the single chain wheel IV 442 arranged on the trash removal short shaft 431 of the trash removal short roller 43 are hung with 1 piece of chain II 444, 1 guide plate 45 which is arranged on the inner side surface of the mounting plate II 12 of the harvester frame 1 and is in a rectangular plate shape is respectively arranged at the upper two ends of the trash removal long roller 42, and 2 guide plates 45 are arranged in a trapezoidal state of narrow distance at one side close to the first eradicating impurity long roller 42 and wide distance at one side close to the impurity removing short roller 43, a 4-face shield 46 in a rectangular box shape is arranged at the outer side, away from the impurity removing wheel 422, of the L-shaped plate I411 at one side close to the transmission device 44, and the opening of the 4-face shield 46 faces the direction of the L-shaped plate I411 and covers the single chain wheel IV 442, all double chain wheels 443 and all chains II 444 arranged on the impurity removing short shaft 431 of the impurity removing short roller 43.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a clear edulcoration of vertical non-equidistance of potato harvester decreases device, includes edulcoration frame (41), edulcoration long roll (42), edulcoration short roll (43), transmission (44), guide plate (45) and 4 face guard shields (46), its characterized in that: the impurity removing frame (41) comprises an L-shaped plate I (411), an L-shaped plate II (412), an L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) and an L-shaped reinforcing plate II (414), the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped plate II (412) are bent into an L-shaped structure, the widths of L-shaped long side plate surfaces and L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the bent L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped plate II (412) are equal, the lengths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces and the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I (411) which are perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction are larger than the length of the L-shaped plate II (412), round holes with a plurality of axes perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surfaces are uniformly arranged on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate I (411) along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, and round holes with a plurality of axes perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surfaces are also uniformly arranged on the L-shaped long side surface of the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate II (412) along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, The number of round holes of the L-shaped plate II (412) is 1 less than that of the round holes of the L-shaped plate I (411), the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II (414) are bent into an L-shaped structure, the widths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the bent L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II (414) are equal and smaller than the widths of the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped plate II (412), the widths of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II (414) are equal and equal to the widths of the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped plate II (412), the length of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely perpendicular to the L-shaped long side plate surface and the short side plate surface directions is equal to the length of the L-shaped plate (411), and the L-shaped reinforcing plate (414) perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, That is, the length perpendicular to the direction of the L-shaped long side plate surface and the short side plate surface is equal to the length of the L-shaped plate II (412), the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) is uniformly provided with round holes with the same number as the round holes on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate I (411) along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, and the axis is perpendicular to the round holes of the L-shaped long side plate surface, the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate II (414) is also uniformly provided with round holes with the same number as the round holes on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate II (412) along the direction perpendicular to the L-shaped plane, and the axis is perpendicular to the round holes of the L-shaped long side plate surface, the L-shaped long side plate surfaces of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) and the L-shaped long side plate I (411) are parallel to each other, and the L-shaped short side plate surfaces are buckled together, and the edge of the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) far away from the L-shaped long side plate surface and the L-shaped short side plate I and the L-shaped long side plate I (411) The L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the cleaning roller are aligned, two ends of an L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) which are perpendicular to the L-shaped plane direction, namely the two ends of the L-shaped long side plate surface and the short side plate surface are aligned with two ends of an L-shaped plate I (411), an impurity removing long roller (42) comprises an impurity removing long shaft (421), an impurity removing wheel (422) and a check ring (423), two ends of the impurity removing long shaft (421) with a rectangular cross section respectively extend out to form a circular cross section shaft section, the lengths of the circular cross section shaft sections at the two ends are different, the outer circle of the impurity removing wheel (422) with a rectangular hole at the center uniformly extends out to form a plurality of impurity removing fingers, each impurity removing finger is positioned in the same plane which is perpendicular to the axis of the impurity removing wheel (422) and inclines towards the same circumferential direction, the impurity removing wheels (422) are sleeved on the middle rectangular cross section of the impurity removing long shaft (421) through the rectangular hole at the center, and the inclination directions of the impurity removing fingers of each impurity removing wheel (422) are the same, two ends of a plurality of edulcoration wheels (422) sleeved on the edulcoration long shaft (421) are fixed through check rings (423), one end of the edulcoration long shaft (421) of the edulcoration long roller (42) which has the same number of round holes on the L-shaped long side plate surface of the L-shaped plate II (412) and extends out of a longer round section shaft section is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413), one end of the edulcoration long shaft (421) of the edulcoration long roller (42) which extends out of a shorter round section shaft section is supported in the round hole of the combination body formed by buckling the L-shaped plate II (412) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate II (414), the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped plate II (412) are both positioned at the inner side close to the edulcoration wheels (422), and the L-shaped short side plate surfaces of the L-shaped long side plates I (411) and the L-shaped short side plate II (412) are positioned at the same side of the plane formed by the edulcoration long rollers (42), the inclined directions of the impurity removing fingers of the impurity removing wheels (422) on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers (42) are the same, the impurity removing wheels (422) on the adjacent impurity removing long rollers (42) are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the impurity removing long shaft (421), the impurity removing short rollers (43) comprise impurity removing short shafts (431), impurity removing wheels (422), fixing rings (432) and potato protecting plates (433), circular-section shaft sections respectively extend out of two ends of each impurity removing short shaft (431) with a rectangular cross section, the lengths of the circular-section shaft sections at the two ends are different, the impurity removing wheels (422) are sleeved on the middle rectangular-section of the impurity removing short shaft (431) through a central rectangular hole, two ends of the impurity removing wheels (422) sleeved on the impurity removing short shaft (431) are fixed through retaining rings (423), one end of each impurity removing short shaft (431) of each impurity removing short roller (43) extending out of a long circular-section shaft section is supported in a residual circular hole at one end of a combination body formed by buckling an L-shaped plate I (411) and an L reinforcing plate I (413), one end of the short impurity removal shaft (431) extending out of the shaft section with the shorter circular section is sleeved with a fixing ring (432), the short impurity removal rollers (43) and the impurity removal wheels (422) on the adjacent long impurity removal rollers (42) are arranged in a staggered mode along the axial direction of the long impurity removal shaft (421), the assembled impurity removal frame (41) and the long impurity removal rollers (42) are arranged on 2 mounting plates II (12) of a harvester frame (1) of the intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removal, loss reduction and potato collection system through an L-shaped plate I (411) and an L-shaped plate II (412) of the impurity removal frame (41), the long impurity removal rollers (42) are positioned on one side of the mounting plates II (12) close to the harvester frame (1), the short impurity removal rollers (43) are positioned on linear sections far away from the mounting plates II (12) in 2 sections of a support frame (31) of a buffer device (3) close to the intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removal, loss reduction and potato collection system, and the edulcoration that edulcoration wheel (422) is located edulcoration long roller (42) top indicates the incline direction is opposite with potato harvester potato soil mixture's traffic direction, edulcoration minor axis (431) of edulcoration short roller (43) support on support arm (2117) of horizontal bracket (211) of "intelligent potato harvester clear soil edulcoration subtracts and decreases collection potato system" collection potato device (2) through solid fixed ring (432) of tip, gu install above the excircle of fixed ring (432) and protect potato board (433), transmission (44) are including single sprocket III (441), single-chain wheel IV (442), double sprocket (443) and chain II (444), the definition: the long impurity removal roller (42) closest to the mounting plate II (12) of the harvester frame (1) of the intelligent potato harvester soil cleaning, impurity removal, loss reduction and potato collection system is an I-th impurity removal long roller (42), a second II-th impurity removal, a third … … -th impurity removal long roller, and the like, after an extending end of an impurity removal long shaft (421) of the I-th impurity removal long roller (42) close to the mounting plate II (12) of the harvester frame (1) and extending out of a long circular section shaft section penetrates through the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413), 1 single chain wheel IV (442) is mounted, then 1 single chain wheel III (441) is mounted, after extending ends of the impurity removal long shafts (421) of the other impurity removal long rollers (42) and extending out of the long circular section penetrate through the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413), double chain wheels (443) are mounted at the extending ends of the double chain wheels (443), the outer side far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate (413) and the impurity removal long shaft mounted on the I-th impurity removal long roller (42) 421) The single chain wheel IV (442) on the impurity removing short shaft (431) of the impurity removing short roller (43) is positioned in the same plane, one end of the impurity removing short shaft (431) extending out of the shaft section with a longer circular section penetrates through the L-shaped plate I (411) and the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413), the single chain wheel IV (442) arranged on the impurity removing short shaft (431) and the inner side chain wheel (443) close to the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) are positioned in the same plane, the single chain wheel IV (442) arranged on the impurity removing long shaft (421) of the first eradicating long roller (42) and the outer side chain wheel (443) arranged on the impurity removing long shaft (421) of the second eradicating long roller (42) adjacent to the first eradicating long roller (42) and far away from the L-shaped reinforcing plate I (413) are hung with the same 1 piece of chain II (444), and the double chain wheel (443) arranged on the impurity removing long shaft (421) of the second eradicating long roller (42) and the double chain wheels (421) arranged on the impurity removing long shaft (421) of the first eradicating long roller (42) and the double eradicating long roller (421) and the double chain wheel (421) arranged on the long shaft (421) of the L-shaped reinforcing plate III 443) The same 1 piece of chain II (444) is hung on the inner side chain wheel close to the L reinforcing plate I (413), and the like, the double chain wheel (443) installed on the impurity removal long shaft (421) of the impurity removal long roller (42) with the largest serial number and the outermost side of the installation plate II (12) far away from the harvester rack (1) are hung on the inner side chain wheel close to the L reinforcing plate I (413) and the single chain wheel IV (442) installed on the impurity removal short shaft (431) of the impurity removal short roller (43), the same 1 piece of chain II (444) is hung on the upper two ends of the impurity removal long roller (42), 1 piece of guide plate (45) installed on the inner side surface of the installation plate II (12) of the harvester rack (1) and in a rectangular plate shape is respectively arranged at the upper two ends of the impurity removal long roller (42), a rectangular plate-shaped guide plate (45) is arranged between the 2 pieces of guide plates (45), the outer side of the L-shaped plate I (411) close to one side of the transmission device (44) and far away from the impurity removal wheel (422) is provided with a rectangular box The shape of the 4-face shield (46), the opening of the 4-face shield (46) faces the direction of the L-shaped plate I (411) and covers the single chain wheel IV (442), all double chain wheels (443) and all chains II (444) which are arranged on the trash removal short shaft (431) of the trash removal short roller (43).

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