CN111925087A - Harmless and recycling integrated treatment method and system for oil sludge - Google Patents
Harmless and recycling integrated treatment method and system for oil sludge Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a harmless and recycling integrated treatment method and system for oil sludge, wherein the treatment method comprises the process steps of oil sludge crushing and spray hot washing, primary mechanical extrusion separation, secondary centrifugal separation, sludge granulation and drying, oil sludge particle pyrolysis and incineration and waste heat recycling, and the treatment system comprises various treatment devices adapted to the process steps. By adopting the treatment method and the system, various oilfield wastes can be treated in a large-scale centralized manner, and the recovery rate of crude oil reaches more than 85%; the wastewater generated by the oil sludge treatment is completely recycled, and zero discharge of the wastewater is realized; the oil sludge particles are subjected to anoxic pyrolysis in a reducing atmosphere, the discharged slag can be used for comprehensive utilization of building materials and the like, and the waste heat generated by pyrolysis incineration can be used for steam generation and system heat supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, and particularly relates to a harmless and recycling integrated treatment method and system for oil sludge.
Background
Oil sludge produced in oil extraction and refining industry in China is millions of tons every year, and is rapidly increased every year, and oil-containing sludge is classified as H08 dangerous waste in national hazardous waste record (No. 39 of the 2016 environmental protection department), because the oil sludge contains various teratogenic and carcinogenic toxic substances, such as benzene series, phenol, anthrax, and anthracene. The reduction, harmless and resource treatment of the oily sludge is urgent, and in this respect, the domestic technical research is less, and the cases of the successful introduction of foreign technologies are less.
The oily sludge has various types and complex properties, corresponding treatment technologies and equipment also show diversified trends, and the conventional oily sludge treatment technologies comprise a conditioning-mechanical dehydration process, a heat treatment process (chemical hot washing, incineration and thermal desorption), a biological treatment process (land cultivation, composting and bioreactor), a solvent extraction technology, comprehensive utilization of the oily sludge and the like. At present, mechanical dehydration technology is adopted by MG engineering company in Canada at abroad to match with own proprietary medicament, conditioning-mechanical dehydration and biological treatment method is adopted by Guifos company in the Netherlands, conditioning-mechanical dehydration is adopted by HILLER company in Germany; the CLEANSEAS company of singapore adopts a process of mechanical dehydration and American ADTU thermal desorption, and laboratory researches show that solvent extraction can also meet the sludge treatment requirement, but the solvent extraction is only limited to laboratory researches at present and is difficult to achieve industrial application. Therefore, physical methods and chemical methods (centrifugal separation and chemical agent treatment) are combined, namely a tempering-mechanical dehydration process, so that the application is more and more successful at the present foreign stage, the technology is mature, the oil field is widely applied in Europe and America, and the treatment effect is good. The method has the defects that the treatment effect is influenced by the source of the sludge, and the sludge contains a large amount of sundries such as tiles, grass roots, plastics and the like, and needs matched pretreatment equipment and process.
The main processes for treating oil sludge adopted in domestic oil fields at present are pyrolysis, incineration and hot washing for treating oil-containing sludge. The oily sludge can be simply recycled after being treated by hot washing, the adaptability to raw materials is poor, and the pollutant discharge does not reach the standard; although the incineration method has the advantages of maximum reduction, harmlessness and strong adaptability to raw materials, the method also has the defects of high energy consumption, high equipment investment and high process technical requirement, and crude oil in sludge cannot be recovered, so that resource waste is generated. The pyrolysis method can recover most of crude oil through indirect pyrolysis at 500-600 ℃, but the oil content in the treated sludge is still high and cannot meet the current national emission standard requirements, and simultaneously, dioxin generated by high-temperature gas phase cannot meet the latest emission standard requirements along with the emission of non-condensable gas.
According to the technical guideline for hazardous waste disposal engineering (HJ 2042-; the emission heat ignition reduction rate and the smoke emission standard of the hazardous waste incineration pollution control standard (a secondary request suggestion draft replaces GB 18484-2001) are improved compared with the GB 18484-2001 standard, and although the emission heat ignition reduction rate and the smoke emission standard are not released and implemented formally, the emission heat ignition reduction method plays a role in upgrading technology in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide an integrated treatment method and system for harmlessness and recycling of oil sludge, so as to reduce the cost of oil sludge treatment and realize harmlessness, recycling and integration of oil sludge.
The invention solves the problems through the following technical means:
an integrated harmless and recycling treatment method for oil sludge comprises the following steps:
s1: classifying and storing the oil sludge to be treated;
s2: mixing and crushing the stored oil sludge to be treated, and simultaneously carrying out hot water leaching;
s3: carrying out primary mechanical extrusion separation on oil sludge subjected to hot water leaching and crushing, returning sludge subjected to primary separation to step S1 for temporary storage after extrusion dehydration, heating sludge-containing oil water subjected to primary mechanical extrusion separation, adding a medicament, stirring, and then carrying out centrifugal separation again, wherein water subjected to centrifugal separation is used for hot water leaching in step S2, oil subjected to centrifugal separation enters an oil storage tank for temporary storage, and oil sludge subjected to centrifugal separation returns to step S1 for temporary storage in the same region as sludge subjected to primary mechanical extrusion separation;
s4: granulating and drying the sludge separated twice, and performing pyrolysis and incineration treatment on oil sludge particles after granulation and drying; condensing steam generated by the evaporation of the oil sludge into water in the drying process, and then leaching with hot water in the step S2; waste gas generated in the drying process is used as combustion-supporting air for pyrolysis incineration treatment;
s5: and (4) recycling waste heat generated by pyrolysis incineration through a waste heat boiler, wherein part of steam generated by the waste heat boiler is used for steam power generation, part of the steam is used for heating by spraying hot water in the step S2, and part of the steam is used for granulation drying heating in the step S4, indirect heat exchange is adopted for granulation drying, and steam condensate returns to the waste heat boiler for recycling.
Further, in step S4, the pyrolysis temperature is 700-850 ℃, the pyrolysis is carried out in the reducing atmosphere, the excess air coefficient is controlled to be 0.5-0.75 in the reducing atmosphere, the slag generated by the pyrolysis is cooled and then transported out for comprehensive utilization, the combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis enters a secondary combustion chamber along with the flue gas for secondary combustion, the temperature of the secondary combustion is increased to 1100-1200 ℃, the retention time of the flue gas is more than or equal to 2S at the temperature, the excess air coefficient of the secondary combustion is controlled to be 1.4-1.5, and the flue gas waste heat of the secondary combustion is recycled by a waste heat boiler.
Further, in step S2, the temperature of hot water for rinsing is 80-90 ℃, and the mass ratio of the hot water for rinsing to the oil sludge is 1: 1-2: 1.
Further, in step S3, the temperature of the slurry oil-containing water is heated to 85 to 95 ℃ when the centrifugal separation is performed again.
An integrated processing system for harmless and recycling oil sludge comprises an oil sludge comprehensive storage pool for storing the oil sludge, an oil sludge grab bucket crane for grabbing and conveying the oil sludge to each processing device, a crusher for crushing the oil sludge, a hot water spraying device for spraying hot water on the crushed oil sludge, a slag remover for primary mechanical extrusion separation, an oil sludge buffer pool for temporarily storing primarily separated oil-containing water, a conditioning heating tank for heating the primarily separated oil-containing water, a three-phase centrifugal separator for secondary centrifugal separation, an oil storage tank for storing the secondarily centrifugally separated oil, an oil sludge granulating and drying machine for drying and granulating the twice separated oil sludge, a condenser for condensing waste gas carrying water vapor generated by evaporation of the oil sludge in the granulating and drying process, a pyrolysis and incineration device for carrying out pyrolysis and incineration treatment on dried oil sludge particles, a water-gas-, The system comprises a slag cooler matched with a slag discharge port of pyrolysis incineration equipment, a waste heat boiler for recycling waste heat of the pyrolysis incineration equipment, flue gas purification complete equipment for purifying flue gas at the tail part of the waste heat boiler, a chimney for purifying the discharged flue gas and a steam turbine generator unit for generating power by using steam of the waste heat boiler; the hot water spraying device comprises a hot water tank and a spraying device communicated with the hot water tank and provided with a hot water nozzle, and the hot water nozzle is arranged above a crushing cavity of the crusher. Further, the heating coil is arranged outside the tempering heating tank, and the tempering heating tank is matched with a stirring mechanism.
Furthermore, the comprehensive oil sludge storage pool is divided into a plurality of oil sludge storage chambers by partition walls, a pretreatment oil sludge pool for storing sludge generated by two times of separation and a drying oil sludge pool for storing granulation drying oil sludge particles.
Further, the pyrolysis incineration equipment comprises a rotary kiln and a secondary combustion chamber.
Further, the slag remover is matched with a sludge extrusion dehydration mechanism and a sludge-containing oil-water overflow mechanism.
Furthermore, the rotary kiln and the secondary combustion chamber are matched with auxiliary combustion-supporting devices.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a harmless and recycling integrated treatment method and system for oil sludge, wherein the treatment method comprises the process steps of oil sludge crushing and spray hot washing, primary mechanical extrusion separation, secondary centrifugal separation, sludge granulation and drying, dried oil sludge particle pyrolysis and incineration and waste heat recycling, and the treatment system comprises various treatment devices adapted to the process steps. By adopting the treatment method and the system, various oilfield wastes can be treated in a large-scale centralized manner, and the recovery rate of crude oil reaches more than 85%; the wastewater generated by the oil sludge treatment is completely recycled, and zero discharge of the wastewater is realized; the oil sludge particles are subjected to anoxic pyrolysis in a reducing atmosphere, the discharged slag can be used for comprehensive utilization of building materials and the like, steam can be produced by the waste heat of pyrolysis incineration and used for power generation and system heat supply, the treatment cost of the oil sludge is reduced in the whole treatment process, and the harmless, recycling and large-scale treatment of the oil sludge is realized.
More specifically, the advantages of the present invention are embodied in the following aspects:
the first is that: the integrated treatment method and system can receive and treat various oily wastes, including: oil sludge falling to the ground, oil sludge cleaning, oil-containing sludge produced by the existing resource treatment process, oil sludge collecting and transporting packing materials, oil field operation labor protection products and the like; the large-scale centralized treatment of the oil sludge can be realized; can save construction investment, reduce occupied area, save energy consumption, reduce treatment cost, improve clean production and reduce pollutant discharge.
Secondly, the following steps: the crude oil recovery rate of the integrated treatment method and the system reaches more than 85 percent; the wastewater generated by the oil sludge treatment is completely recycled, and zero discharge of the wastewater is realized; the oil sludge particles are subjected to anoxic pyrolysis at the temperature of above 700 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere, the discharged slag is brick red, the oil content is below 1 per mill, the thermal ignition loss rate is less than 5 percent, the requirements of the national and industrial latest emission standards are met, and the discharged slag can be comprehensively used for building material production.
Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the high-temperature flue gas generated by pyrolysis incineration is used for producing steam by a waste heat boiler, and most of the high-temperature flue gas is used for generating electricity except for part of the high-temperature flue gas used for process production and heating, so that all the service power can be supplied by self and the surplus power can be supplied to the Internet.
Fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: the smoke generated by pyrolysis incineration is purified, and the emission concentration of smoke pollutants meets the requirements of hazardous waste incineration pollution control standard (secondary request manuscript replaces GB 18484-2001).
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of system connection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1-an oil sludge comprehensive storage pool, 2-an oil sludge grab bucket crane, 3-a crusher, 4-a slag remover, 5-an oil sludge buffer pool, 6-a tempering heating tank, 7-a three-phase centrifugal separator, 8-a hot water tank, 9-an oil storage tank, 10-an oil sludge granulation dryer, 11-a condenser, 12-pyrolysis incineration equipment, 13-a waste heat boiler, 14-flue gas purification complete equipment, 15-a chimney, 16-a turbo generator set and 17-a slag cooler.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an integrated harmless and recycling treatment method for oil sludge, which comprises the following steps:
s1: classifying and storing the oil sludge to be treated;
s2: mixing and crushing the stored oil sludge to be treated, and simultaneously carrying out hot water leaching; the water temperature for hot water leaching is 80 ℃, and the mass ratio of the hot water to the oil sludge is 1: 1;
s3: carrying out primary mechanical extrusion separation on oil sludge subjected to hot water leaching and crushing, returning sludge subjected to primary separation to step S1 for temporary storage after extrusion dehydration, heating sludge-containing oil water subjected to primary mechanical extrusion separation to 85 ℃, adding a medicament, stirring, and then carrying out centrifugal separation again, wherein water subjected to centrifugal separation is used for hot water leaching in step S2, oil subjected to centrifugal separation enters an oil storage tank for temporary storage, and oil sludge subjected to centrifugal separation returns to step S1 for temporary storage in the same region as sludge subjected to primary mechanical extrusion separation;
s4: granulating and drying the sludge separated twice, and performing pyrolysis and incineration treatment on oil sludge particles after granulation and drying; condensing steam generated by the evaporation of the oil sludge into water in the drying process, and then leaching with hot water in the step S2; waste gas generated in the drying process is used as combustion-supporting air for pyrolysis incineration treatment; the pyrolysis temperature is 700 ℃, the pyrolysis is carried out in the reducing atmosphere, the excess air coefficient is controlled to be 0.5 in the reducing atmosphere, the slag generated by the pyrolysis is cooled and then is transported out for comprehensive utilization, the combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis enters a secondary combustion chamber along with the flue gas for secondary combustion, the temperature of the secondary combustion is raised to 1100 ℃, the retention time of the flue gas is more than or equal to 2s at the temperature, the excess air coefficient of the secondary combustion is controlled to be 1.4, and the waste heat of the flue gas generated by the secondary combustion is recycled by a waste heat boiler;
s5: and (4) recycling waste heat generated by pyrolysis incineration through a waste heat boiler, wherein part of steam generated by the waste heat boiler is used for steam power generation, part of the steam is used for heating by spraying hot water in the step S2, and part of the steam is used for granulation drying heating in the step S4, indirect heat exchange is adopted for granulation drying, and steam condensate returns to the waste heat boiler for recycling.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an integrated harmless and recycling treatment method for oil sludge, which comprises the following steps:
s1: classifying and storing the oil sludge to be treated;
s2: mixing and crushing the stored oil sludge to be treated, and simultaneously carrying out hot water leaching; the temperature of hot water for leaching is 85 ℃, and the mass ratio of the hot water for spraying to the oil sludge is 1: 1.5;
s3: carrying out primary mechanical extrusion separation on oil sludge subjected to hot water leaching and crushing, returning sludge subjected to primary separation to step S1 for temporary storage after extrusion dehydration, heating sludge-containing oil water subjected to primary mechanical extrusion separation to 90 ℃, adding a medicament, stirring, and then carrying out centrifugal separation again, wherein water subjected to centrifugal separation is used for hot water leaching in step S2, oil subjected to centrifugal separation enters an oil storage tank for temporary storage, and oil sludge subjected to centrifugal separation returns to step S1 for temporary storage in the same region as sludge subjected to primary mechanical extrusion separation;
s4: granulating and drying the sludge separated twice, and performing pyrolysis and incineration treatment on oil sludge particles after granulation and drying; condensing steam generated by the evaporation of the oil sludge into water in the drying process, and then leaching with hot water in the step S2; waste gas generated in the drying process is used as combustion-supporting air for pyrolysis incineration treatment; the pyrolysis temperature is 800 ℃, the pyrolysis is carried out in the reducing atmosphere, the excess air coefficient is controlled to be 0.6 in the reducing atmosphere, the slag generated by the pyrolysis is cooled and then is transported out for comprehensive utilization, the combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis enters a secondary combustion chamber along with the flue gas for secondary combustion, the temperature of the secondary combustion is raised to 1150 ℃, the retention time of the flue gas is more than or equal to 2s at the temperature, the excess air coefficient of the secondary combustion is controlled to be 1.45, and the waste heat of the flue gas generated by the secondary combustion is recycled by a waste heat boiler;
s5: and (4) recycling waste heat generated by pyrolysis incineration through a waste heat boiler, wherein part of steam generated by the waste heat boiler is used for steam power generation, part of the steam is used for heating by spraying hot water in the step S2, and part of the steam is used for granulation drying heating in the step S4, indirect heat exchange is adopted for granulation drying, and steam condensate returns to the waste heat boiler for recycling.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an integrated harmless and recycling treatment method for oil sludge, which comprises the following steps:
s1: classifying and storing the oil sludge to be treated;
s2: mixing and crushing the stored oil sludge to be treated, and simultaneously carrying out hot water leaching; the temperature of hot water for leaching is 90 ℃, and the mass ratio of the hot water for spraying to the oil sludge is 2: 1;
s3: carrying out primary mechanical extrusion separation on oil sludge subjected to hot water leaching and crushing, returning sludge subjected to primary separation to step S1 for temporary storage after extrusion dehydration, heating sludge-containing oil water subjected to primary mechanical extrusion separation to 95 ℃, adding a medicament, stirring, and then carrying out centrifugal separation again, wherein water subjected to centrifugal separation is used for hot water leaching in step S2, oil subjected to centrifugal separation enters an oil storage tank for temporary storage, and oil sludge subjected to centrifugal separation returns to step S1 for temporary storage in the same region as sludge subjected to primary mechanical extrusion separation;
s4: granulating and drying the sludge separated twice, and performing pyrolysis and incineration treatment on oil sludge particles after granulation and drying; condensing steam generated by the evaporation of the oil sludge into water in the drying process, and then leaching with hot water in the step S2; waste gas generated in the drying process is used as combustion-supporting air for pyrolysis incineration treatment; the pyrolysis temperature is 850 ℃, the pyrolysis is carried out in the reducing atmosphere, the coefficient of excess air is controlled to be 0.75 in the reducing atmosphere, the slag generated by the pyrolysis is cooled and then transported out for comprehensive utilization, the combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis enters a secondary combustion chamber along with the flue gas for secondary combustion, the temperature of the secondary combustion is raised to 1200 ℃, the retention time of the flue gas is more than or equal to 2s at the temperature, the coefficient of excess air of the secondary combustion is controlled to be 1.5, and the waste heat of the flue gas generated by the secondary combustion is recycled by a waste heat boiler;
s5: and (4) recycling waste heat generated by pyrolysis incineration through a waste heat boiler, wherein part of steam generated by the waste heat boiler is used for steam power generation, part of the steam is used for heating by spraying hot water in the step S2, and part of the steam is used for granulation drying heating in the step S4, indirect heat exchange is adopted for granulation drying, and steam condensate returns to the waste heat boiler for recycling.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an integrated processing system for harmless and recycling oil sludge, which includes an integrated oil sludge storage tank 1 for storing oil sludge, an oil sludge grab bucket crane 2 for grabbing and delivering oil sludge to each processing device, a crusher 3 for crushing oil sludge, a hot water spray device for spraying hot water on crushed oil sludge, a residue remover 4 for primary oil-water separation, an oil sludge buffer tank 5 for temporarily storing oil-containing water separated from primary oil-water, a tempering and heating tank 6 for heating oil-containing water separated from primary oil-water, a three-phase centrifugal separator 7 for secondary oil-water separation, an oil storage tank 9 for storing oil separated from secondary oil-water, a granulating and drying machine 10 for drying and granulating oil sludge separated from secondary oil sludge, a condenser 11 for condensing steam generated by evaporation of oil sludge during drying and granulating process, a water tank 9 for storing oil separated from secondary oil-water, a water tank for storing oil separated from secondary oil-water, a water-, The system comprises pyrolysis incineration equipment 12 for carrying out pyrolysis incineration treatment on oil sludge particles generated in the drying and granulating process, a slag cooler 17 matched with a slag discharge port of the pyrolysis incineration equipment 12, a waste heat boiler 13 for recycling waste heat of the pyrolysis incineration equipment 12, a flue gas purification complete equipment 14 for purifying flue gas of the waste heat boiler 13, a chimney 15 for purifying the discharged flue gas, and a steam turbine generator unit 16 for generating power by using steam of the waste heat boiler.
The comprehensive oil sludge storage pool 1 is divided into a plurality of oil sludge storage chambers by partition walls, a pretreatment oil sludge pool for storing oil-water separated sludge again and a drying oil sludge pool for storing oil sludge particles.
The hot water spray device comprises a hot water tank 8 and spray equipment which is communicated with the hot water tank and is provided with a hot water nozzle, and the hot water nozzle is arranged above a crushing cavity of the crusher.
The outside of quenching and tempering heating jar 6 is provided with heating coil, and the quenching and tempering heating jar is supporting to be equipped with rabbling mechanism.
The pyrolysis incineration apparatus 12 includes a rotary kiln and a secondary combustion chamber.
The slag remover 4 is matched with a sludge extrusion dehydration mechanism and a sludge-containing oil-water overflow mechanism.
The crusher 3 is a shear type crusher, and the slag remover is a Martin slag remover.
The rotary kiln is matched with an auxiliary combustion-supporting device.
During operation, various oily solid wastes such as oil sludge falling to the ground, oil sludge cleaned, oily sludge generated by the existing 'tempering and centrifuging' treatment process, oil sludge collecting and transporting packing materials, oil field operation labor protection products and the like are transported to a factory by a dump truck, and the oily solid wastes enter an oil sludge comprehensive storage pool 1 through weighing and metering and are classified and stored through an oil sludge storage chamber; the oil sludge grab bucket crane 2 adopts a multi-clack grab bucket, so that the bag breaking efficiency is achieved, and the adhesion can be prevented; various raw material oil sludge is mixed and grabbed into a feeding system of the shear type crusher 3, the feeding system continuously and uniformly feeds the oil sludge to the shear type crusher 3, the oil sludge containing impurities is crushed, the granularity after crushing can be smaller than 20mm, a hot water nozzle is arranged at a specific position above a crushing cavity of the shear type crusher 3, and the oil sludge is hot-leached by using 80-90 ℃ back-mixed hot water, so that the one-time homogenization and tempering effects can be achieved, crude oil can be leached out, and the proportion of the back-mixed hot water can be adjusted between 1 and 2 according to leaching requirements; the fatlute after the broken homogenization falls into Martin formula slagging-off machine 4, and Martin formula slagging-off machine 4 carries out first oil water separation to profit and mud sediment, and the mud sediment is being pushed the extrusion and is slagging tap the in-process and receive the pressure extrusion of mud sediment extrusion dewatering mechanism and tentatively dewater, and the water content of slagging tap can reach below 45%, contains the mud profit and flows into fatlute buffer pool 5 through containing mud profit overflow mechanism automatically, contains the mud profit solid content below 5%.
The temperature of fluidized oil sludge in the oil sludge buffer pool 5 is about 50 ℃, the fluidized oil sludge is sent into a tempering and heating tank 6 through a screw pump, a heating coil is arranged outside the tempering and heating tank 6, the stable heat transfer efficiency can be kept, a stirring mechanism is arranged at the top of the tempering and heating tank, a medicament is added to promote oil-water separation, the oil sludge is heated to 90 ℃, the fluidized oil sludge is pumped into a three-phase centrifugal separator 7 to be subjected to oil-water-slag separation, the water content of oil is less than 10%, the oil content of water is less than 0.5%, the oil content of sludge is less than 5%; the separated water enters a hot water tank 8 for recycling, the separated oil enters an oil storage tank 9 for temporary storage, and the separated sludge enters a pretreatment sludge pool in the comprehensive sludge storage pool 1.
The average water content of the oil sludge temporarily stored in the pretreatment oil sludge pool is about 45%, the oil sludge is grabbed by an oil sludge grab bucket crane 2 and placed into a feeding system to be fed into an oil sludge granulating and drying machine 10, superheated steam indirectly heats oil sludge particles in the oil sludge granulating and drying machine, and the steam is condensed into water to enter a waste heat boiler 13 for recycling after releasing heat; the dried oil sludge particles enter a dried oil sludge pool for temporary storage, and the water content of the dried oil sludge particles is less than 25%; circulating air in the drying system carries out water evaporated from the oil sludge, water vapor evaporated from the oil sludge is cooled into water through a condenser 11, circulating cooling water is adopted as cooling water of the condenser, and waste water generated by condensation is recycled as back-mixed hot water; during the drying granulation, the cooled air contains volatile organic gases, which enter the pyrolysis incineration device 12 as combustion air.
The oil content of the oil sludge particles is about 10 percent, the low-order calorific value of the oil sludge particles is less than 4600kJ/kg, and the calorific value is low. Oily sludge particles are grabbed by an oily sludge grab bucket crane 2 and put into a feeding system to enter a pyrolysis incineration device 12 for pyrolysis incineration, the pyrolysis incineration device 12 comprises a counter-flow rotary kiln and a secondary combustion chamber, auxiliary fuel is added into the rotary kiln for combustion and heating to 700-850 ℃, pyrolysis is carried out under reducing atmosphere, the reducing atmosphere controls the coefficient of excess air to be 0.5-0.75, waste gas generated by the oily sludge granulation dryer 10 can be completely digested, combustion-supporting air enters at the tail of the counter-flow rotary kiln, an auxiliary combustor is also arranged at the tail of the rotary kiln, the high-temperature and oxygen-enriched environment at the tail of the rotary kiln can ensure that slag combustible substances are fully digested, and the slag is cooled to below 200 ℃ by a slag cooler 17 and transported; combustible gas generated by pyrolysis enters a secondary combustion chamber along with flue gas, the secondary combustion chamber adopts auxiliary fuel for afterburning and heating to 1100-1200 ℃, the residence time of the flue gas is more than or equal to 2s at the temperature, and the coefficient of excess air at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is controlled to be 1.4-1.5, so that complete combustion and thorough decomposition of dioxin at high temperature are facilitated.
The high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber enters a waste heat boiler 13 for waste heat utilization to produce superheated steam, the superheated steam pressure of the waste heat boiler 13 is 2.5MPa, the superheated steam temperature is 400 ℃, and the flue gas temperature is less than 200 ℃; part of the superheated steam generated by the waste heat boiler 13 is used for supplying heat, and part of the superheated steam is used for generating power by the steam turbine generator unit 16, and the generated power meets the requirement of service power and also has part of power on line. The flue gas discharged from the waste heat boiler 13 is purified by the flue gas purification complete equipment 14, meets the flue gas emission index requirements of hazardous waste incineration pollution control standard (secondary request draft replaces GB 18484-2001), and is discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney 15.
The wastewater produced by the three-phase centrifugal separator 7 and the condenser 11 is recycled by the hot water tank 8, and a part of surplus wastewater reaches the water quality index of industrial circulating water make-up water after wastewater treatment, and is used for make-up water of a circulating cooling water system, and zero discharge of wastewater is realized.
On the basis of integrating the advantages of the existing oil sludge treatment technology, advanced experience and research and test results of the existing hazardous waste incineration treatment technology and household garbage incineration treatment technology are used for reference, an optimized combination process of 'hot washing, tempering and centrifugation, oil sludge drying, pyrolysis incineration and waste heat resource utilization' is formed, and the problems that the type of treated oil sludge is limited, the scale is small, the treated oil sludge is relatively dispersed, the pollutant discharge does not reach the standard and the like in the existing oil sludge treatment technology are well solved.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated harmless and recycling treatment method for oil sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: classifying and storing the oil sludge to be treated;
s2: mixing and crushing the stored oil sludge to be treated, and simultaneously carrying out hot water leaching;
s3: carrying out primary mechanical extrusion separation on oil sludge subjected to hot water leaching and crushing, returning sludge subjected to primary separation to step S1 for temporary storage after extrusion dehydration, heating sludge-containing oil water subjected to primary mechanical extrusion separation, adding a medicament, stirring, and then carrying out centrifugal separation again, wherein water subjected to centrifugal separation is used for hot water leaching in step S2, oil subjected to centrifugal separation enters an oil storage tank for temporary storage, and oil sludge subjected to centrifugal separation returns to step S1 for temporary storage in the same region as sludge subjected to primary mechanical extrusion separation;
s4: granulating and drying the sludge separated twice, and performing pyrolysis and incineration treatment on oil sludge particles after granulation and drying; condensing steam generated by the evaporation of the oil sludge into water in the drying process, and then leaching with hot water in the step S2; waste gas generated in the drying process is used as combustion-supporting air for pyrolysis incineration treatment;
s5: and (4) recycling waste heat generated by pyrolysis incineration through a waste heat boiler, wherein part of steam generated by the waste heat boiler is used for steam power generation, part of the steam is used for heating by spraying hot water in the step S2, and part of the steam is used for granulation drying heating in the step S4, indirect heat exchange is adopted for granulation drying, and steam condensate returns to the waste heat boiler for recycling.
2. The integrated harmless and recycling treatment method for oil sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, the pyrolysis temperature is 700-850 ℃, pyrolysis is carried out in a reducing atmosphere, the excess air coefficient is controlled to be 0.5-0.75 in the reducing atmosphere, slag generated by pyrolysis is cooled and then transported out for comprehensive utilization, combustible gas generated by pyrolysis enters a secondary combustion chamber along with flue gas for secondary combustion, the temperature of the secondary combustion is raised to 1100-1200 ℃, the retention time of the flue gas is more than or equal to 2S at the temperature, the excess air coefficient of the secondary combustion is controlled to be 1.4-1.5, and the flue gas waste heat of the secondary combustion is recycled by a waste heat boiler.
3. The integrated harmless and recycling treatment method for oil sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the temperature of hot water for rinsing is 80-90 ℃, and the mass ratio of the hot water for rinsing to the oil sludge is 1: 1-2: 1.
4. The integrated harmless and recycling treatment method for oil sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S3, the temperature of the sludge-containing oil is heated to 85-95 ℃ when the centrifugal separation is performed again.
5. The utility model provides an oil sludge innocent treatment, resourceful integrated processing system which characterized in that: the device comprises an oil sludge comprehensive storage pool (1) for storing oil sludge, an oil sludge grab bucket crane (2) for grabbing and conveying the oil sludge to each processing device, a crusher (3) for crushing the oil sludge, a hot water spraying device for spraying hot water on the crushed oil sludge, a slag remover (4) for primary mechanical extrusion separation, an oil sludge buffer pool (5) for temporarily storing oil-containing water separated for the primary time, a tempering heating tank (6) for heating the oil-containing water separated for the primary time, a three-phase centrifugal separator (7) for secondary centrifugal separation, an oil storage tank (9) for storing the oil separated for the secondary centrifugal separation, an oil sludge granulating and drying machine (10) for granulating and drying the twice separated oil sludge, a condenser (11) for condensing waste gas carrying water vapor generated by evaporation in the granulating process, and drying the oil sludge, and a condenser (11) for drying the oil sludge, The system comprises pyrolysis incineration equipment (12) for carrying out pyrolysis incineration treatment on dried oil sludge particles, a slag cooler (17) matched with a slag discharge port of the pyrolysis incineration equipment, a waste heat boiler (13) for recycling waste heat of the pyrolysis incineration equipment (12), flue gas purification complete equipment (14) for purifying flue gas at the tail part of the waste heat boiler (13), a chimney (15) for purifying the discharged flue gas, and a steam turbine generator unit (16) for generating power by using steam of the waste heat boiler (13); the hot water spraying device comprises a hot water tank (8) and a spraying device which is communicated with the hot water tank and is provided with a hot water nozzle, and the hot water nozzle is arranged above a crushing cavity of the crusher (3).
6. The integrated harmless and recycling treatment system for oil sludge according to claim 5, wherein: the outside of quenching and tempering heating jar (6) is provided with heating coil, and quenching and tempering heating jar (6) is supporting to be equipped with rabbling mechanism.
7. The integrated harmless and recycling treatment system for oil sludge according to claim 5, wherein: the comprehensive oil sludge storage tank (1) is divided into a plurality of oil sludge storage chambers by partition walls, a pretreatment oil sludge tank for storing twice-separated sludge and a drying oil sludge tank for storing granulation drying oil sludge particles.
8. The integrated harmless and recycling treatment system for oil sludge according to claim 5, wherein: the pyrolysis incineration equipment (12) comprises a rotary kiln and a secondary combustion chamber.
9. The integrated harmless and recycling treatment system for oil sludge according to claim 5, wherein: the slag remover (4) is matched with a sludge extrusion dehydration mechanism and a sludge-containing oil-water overflow mechanism.
10. The integrated harmless and recycling treatment system for oil sludge according to claim 8, wherein: and the rotary kiln and the secondary combustion chamber are matched with auxiliary combustion-supporting devices.
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| CN202011028893.2A CN111925087A (en) | 2020-09-27 | 2020-09-27 | Harmless and recycling integrated treatment method and system for oil sludge |
| PCT/CN2020/119426 WO2022061958A1 (en) | 2020-09-27 | 2020-09-30 | Harmless and resourceful integrated treatment method and system for oil sludge |
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