CN113121082A - Device and method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge - Google Patents
Device and method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out scattering, crushing and pretreatment on high-oil-content sludge with the oil content of more than or equal to 5%, then carrying out thermal cracking to recover oil, feeding generated non-condensable gas into a cement kiln for incineration disposal, and feeding generated thermal cracking furnace slag with the organic matter content of less than 0.5% into a cement kiln raw material system after heat exchange; the method has the advantages that the traditional resource utilization and cement kiln cooperative treatment mode of the oily sludge is changed through system integration process innovation, oil recovery is realized, large-scale cooperative treatment of the oily sludge in the cement kiln is realized through raw material addition, and the method has the characteristics of wide application range, full resource utilization, thorough harmless treatment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a device and a method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge.
Background
The oily sludge belongs to mineral oil-containing waste from national hazardous waste records HW 08. Aiming at the oily sludge, two main current technologies exist at present, one is that a thermal desorption treatment technology is adopted for resource utilization and harmless treatment such as oil recovery; the other method is to utilize the cement kiln to cooperatively treat the solid waste technology to carry out harmless treatment and resource utilization on the oily sludge; both of these techniques have a range of applications, but there are many key issues to be researched and solved.
The existing thermal desorption treatment technology has the following defects: (1) the energy consumption cost is relatively high; (2) the blending ratio of the resource utilization for the baked bricks is only about 10 percent in terms of residues, and the resource utilization for paving roads is easy to generate dust and has hidden dangers of secondary environmental pollution and the like; the COD of the wastewater in the aspect of wastewater resource utilization can reach 2 multiplied by 104mg/L, the generation amount is 3-8% of the material mass along with the stink, the single treatment of the material reaches the recycling or discharge standard, the economic cost is high, and the utilization rate of sewage disposal equipment is low; (3) the generated tail gas is difficult to reach the standard and is discharged; (4) for sludge with high oil content (oil content)>5%) has better technical economy but for low oil (oil content)<5%) sludge, which is technically less economical.
According to the existing technology for cooperatively disposing solid wastes in a cement kiln, according to standards and technical specifications such as technical specification for cooperatively disposing solid wastes in the cement kiln (HJ662-2013) and technical specification for cooperatively disposing solid wastes in the cement kiln (GB 30760-: (1) influence is caused to the main process of cement production; according to the statistics of the industry, a 5000T cement kiln system for daily production adopts a mode of directly adding oily sludge, the yield is reduced by about 3-5%, and the power consumption is increased by about 5%; (2) the overall treatment capacity is small; the average hour treatment amount of a daily 5000T cement kiln system is basically 2-3T/H, and the oily sludge is difficult to treat in a large scale; (3) the resource utilization value is low overall, and particularly, the precious mineral oil resources contained in the oil-containing sludge are burnt out as alternative fuels (raw coal), so that the resource waste is large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge, and aims to form a novel method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge by changing a high-temperature feeding technical route for cooperatively treating oily sludge by using a conventional cement kiln and a treatment technical route for thermally desorbing and recovering oil and slag in the conventional oil and gas exploitation industry, firstly utilizing residual hot gas of the cement kiln, performing mineral oil recovery and utilization on the oily sludge by using a thermal desorption (thermal cracking) technology, and then integrating and coupling a cement kiln cooperative treatment furnace external furnace technology of a roasting furnace, so that the advantages of solid waste in cooperative treatment by using the cement kiln are fully utilized, and a more sufficient resource, more thorough harmless and relatively more ideal oily sludge treatment mode in technical economy is realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
on the one hand, the device for resource utilization and harmless treatment of the oily sludge comprises a factory-entering detection and partition storage system, a pretreatment system, a thermal cracking system, a roasting system, a cement kiln system and a gas converging system, wherein the gas converging system comprises a low-temperature converging gas box and a high-temperature converging gas box;
the in-plant detection and partitioned storage system comprises an oil content detection device, a high oil-containing sludge storage device and a low oil-containing sludge storage device, wherein the oil content detection device is used for detecting the oil content of in-plant oil-containing sludge, if the oil content of in-plant oil-containing sludge is more than or equal to 5%, the in-plant oil-containing sludge is stored in the high oil-containing sludge storage device, and if the oil content of in-plant oil-containing sludge is less than 5%, the in-plant oil-containing sludge is stored in the low oil-containing sludge storage device;
the pretreatment system is used for performing scattering and crushing pretreatment on the oily sludge;
the thermal cracking system comprises a feeding device I, a thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device, a furnace slag organic matter content detecting device, a separator I, a condenser, an oil-water separator, an oil collecting device and a water collecting device, wherein the furnace slag organic matter content detecting device is used for detecting the organic matter content of furnace slag in the thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device; the first feeding device is connected with a feeding hole of the thermal cracking furnace, and the material in the first feeding device is pretreated high-oil-content sludge; the residue output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with the thermal cracking slag collecting device, the oil-gas output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with the first separator, the material separation outlet of the first separator is connected with the thermal cracking slag collecting device, the gas separation outlet of the first separator is connected with the condenser, the condensate outlet of the condenser is connected with the oil-water separator, the oil outlet of the oil-water separator is connected with the oil collecting device, and the water outlet of the oil-water separator is connected with the water collecting device;
the roasting system comprises a feeding device II, a roasting furnace, a heat exchanger I, a roasting furnace slag collecting device, a settling chamber and a separator II; the feeding device II is connected with a feeding hole of the roasting furnace, and the material in the feeding device II is pretreated low-oil-content sludge and/or furnace slag with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 0.5 percent in a thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device; the residue output end of the roasting furnace is connected with the input end of a first heat exchanger, and the output end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the roasting furnace slag collecting device; the flue gas output end of the roasting furnace is connected with the settling chamber, the flue gas output end of the settling chamber is connected with the second separator, and the material output ends of the settling chamber and the second separator are connected with the roasting slag collecting device;
the cement kiln system comprises a raw material system, a preheater, a decomposing furnace, a rotary kiln, a grate cooler, a cement clinker collecting device, a kiln head waste gas treatment device and a kiln tail waste gas treatment device, wherein the raw material system is used for adding cement raw materials and furnace slag, and the furnace slag is the furnace slag with the organic matter content of less than 0.5% in the thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device and/or the furnace slag in the roasting furnace slag collecting device; the flue gas output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with a second heat exchanger through a first pipeline, the output end of the second heat exchanger is connected with the input end of the low-temperature gas converging box, the input end of the low-temperature gas converging box is also connected with the flue gas output end of the second separator, and the output end of the low-temperature gas converging box is connected with the input end of the first grate cooler; the flue gas output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with the input end of the high-temperature gas converging box through a second pipeline, the input end of the high-temperature gas converging box is also connected with the output end of the second grate cooler section, the output end of the second grate cooler section is also connected with the flue gas input end of the thermal cracking furnace, and the output end of the high-temperature gas converging box is connected with the flue gas input end of the roasting furnace; and a non-condensable gas outlet of the condenser is connected with an input end of the rotary kiln.
Preferably, the inside of the thermal cracking furnace is set to a slight positive pressure state.
Preferably, the condenser comprises an oil condenser and a steam condenser, the gas separation outlet of the first separator is connected with the input end of the oil condenser, the oil separation outlet of the oil condenser is connected with an oil collecting device, the steam separation outlet of the oil condenser is connected with the steam condenser, the non-condensable gas of the steam condenser is connected with the input end of the rotary kiln, and the condensate of the steam condenser is connected with the oil-water separator.
Preferably, a sewage treatment device is further arranged between the water outlet of the oil-water separator and the water collecting device.
Preferably, the thermal cracking furnace further comprises a third heat exchanger, and the third heat exchanger is used for carrying out heat exchange on the slag with the organic matter content of less than 0.5% in the thermal cracking slag collecting device.
Preferably, the roasting furnace comprises a drying section, a drying and dewatering section and a high-temperature roasting section which are connected in sequence, wherein the drying section is close to the input end of the roasting furnace, and the high-temperature roasting section is close to the output end of the roasting furnace.
Preferably, the temperature of the air flow of the drying section is 120-150 ℃, and the temperature of the material of the drying section is 30-100 ℃; the air flow temperature of the drying and dehydrating section is 150-300 ℃, and the material temperature of the drying and dehydrating section is 100-300 ℃; the airflow temperature of the high-temperature roasting section is 400-600 ℃, and the material temperature of the high-temperature roasting section is 300-400 ℃.
On the other hand, the method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of the oily sludge is also provided, and comprises the following steps:
starting a cement kiln system, and providing a heat source for a thermal cracking system and a roasting system by using residual hot gas of the cement kiln system;
detecting the oil content of oily sludge entering a factory, if the oil content of the oily sludge is more than or equal to 5%, storing the oily sludge as high-oil-content sludge to a high-oil-content sludge storage area, and if the oil content of the oily sludge is less than 5%, storing the oily sludge as low-oil-content sludge to a low-oil-content sludge storage area;
respectively performing scattering and crushing pretreatment on the high-oil-content sludge and the low-oil-content sludge;
for pretreated high oil-containing sludge: weighing, putting into a thermal cracking furnace for thermal cracking treatment, separating oil gas after thermal cracking, detecting the organic matter content of separated furnace slag and furnace slag after thermal cracking, and putting the furnace slag with the organic matter content of less than 0.5% into a cement kiln raw material system after heat exchange; condensing and separating the separated oil gas, enabling the treated non-condensable gas to enter a rotary kiln in a cement kiln system, collecting the separated water into a water collecting device, and collecting the separated oil into an oil collecting device;
for the pretreated low oil-containing sludge and the slag with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 0.5 percent after thermal cracking: after being weighed, the materials are put into a roasting furnace for roasting treatment, and the roasted furnace slag is subjected to heat exchange treatment; conveying the roasted flue gas to a settling chamber and a second separator in sequence for settling separation treatment, and putting the separated slag and the heat-exchanged slag into the cement kiln raw material; the separated gas enters a low-temperature converging gas box;
when the roasting furnace is not opened, the flue gas after thermal cracking enters a low-temperature confluent gas box after heat exchange, and then is conveyed to the first section of the grate cooler; when the roasting furnace is opened, the thermally cracked flue gas enters a high-temperature confluent gas box and is mixed with the gas of the second section of the grate cooler to provide a heat source for the roasting furnace.
Preferably, the heat source of the thermal cracking furnace comprises high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas at 400-450 ℃ and high-temperature air at the second section of the grate cooler, and the temperature of the high-temperature air at the second section of the grate cooler is 800-900 ℃.
Preferably, the roasting furnace includes:
a drying section close to the input end of the roasting furnace, wherein the temperature of the air flow of the drying section is 120-150 ℃, and the temperature of the material of the drying section is 30-100 ℃;
a drying and dehydrating section adjacent to the drying section, wherein the air flow temperature of the drying and dehydrating section is 150-300 ℃, and the material temperature of the drying and dehydrating section is 100-300 ℃;
and the high-temperature roasting section is adjacent to the drying and dehydrating section, the airflow temperature of the high-temperature roasting section is 400-400 ℃, and the material temperature of the high-temperature roasting section is 300-400 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method can treat the oily sludge with high oil content, economic oil recovery and high resource utilization value, can treat the oily sludge with low oil content, non-economic oil recovery and low resource utilization value, such as part of organic polluted soil and the like, and has the characteristics of wide material application range and the like.
(2) The invention utilizes the residual hot gas of the cement plant whether the thermal cracking furnace is adopted for thermal cracking or the roasting furnace is adopted for oxidation burning treatment of the collected oily sludge, belongs to a relatively cheap heat source (compared with natural gas and diesel oil heat source gas), and the generated non-condensable gas enters the cement kiln system for safe and efficient use, thereby reducing the heat consumption cost.
(3) The collected high oil-containing sludge is subjected to thermal cracking to recover oil, and the recovered oil can be used as a raw material for processing fuel oil to realize high-added-value recycling comprehensive utilization; the slag discharged after pretreatment of removing organic matters (including oil), volatile substances, water and the like is taken as a substitute raw material and enters a raw material mill, and then enters a cement kiln for cooperative treatment, so that the traditional high-temperature feeding point mode of cooperatively treating oily sludge by the cement kiln is changed, solid waste in a cement raw material mill system is treated, and the oil-based detritus can be harmlessly treated and recycled on a large scale.
(4) The invention has thorough harmlessness, and specifically, the generated toxic waste gas enters the cement kiln system through the first-section fan of the cement kiln grate cooler, so that dioxin, organic waste gas and the like in the toxic waste gas are further subjected to high-temperature oxidation decomposition to form CO2、NOxAnd chlorine-containing gas and the like, wherein after the chlorine-containing waste gas passes through the high-temperature alkaline atmosphere of the decomposing furnace, the high-activity CaO generated in the decomposing furnace of the cement kiln can solidify chlorine, a chlorine source is cut off and is solidified in silicate minerals, so that the dioxin-like compounds are prevented from being generated again, and a very small amount of other toxic gases are further detoxified and exhausted after reaching the standard along with the cement high-temperature furnace gas through a mixed furnace gas detoxification system consisting of a preheater of a cement system, a denitration system and a bag type dust collector.
In conclusion, the invention can adopt flexible switching technical routes according to sludge with different oil contents, thereby improving the resource utilization value to the maximum extent, reducing the harmless treatment cost and ensuring the maximization of the project investment income.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and the technical features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. It is noted that, unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" and the like in the present disclosure is intended to mean that the elements or items listed before the term cover the elements or items listed after the term and their equivalents, but not to exclude other elements or items.
On one hand, the invention provides a device for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge, which comprises a factory-entering detection and partition storage system, a pretreatment system, a thermal cracking system, a roasting system, a cement kiln system and a gas converging system, wherein the gas converging system comprises a low-temperature converging gas box and a high-temperature converging gas box;
the in-plant detection and partitioned storage system comprises an oil content detection device, a high oil-containing sludge storage device and a low oil-containing sludge storage device, wherein the oil content detection device is used for detecting the oil content of in-plant oil-containing sludge, if the oil content of in-plant oil-containing sludge is more than or equal to 5%, the in-plant oil-containing sludge is stored in the high oil-containing sludge storage device, and if the oil content of in-plant oil-containing sludge is less than 5%, the in-plant oil-containing sludge is stored in the low oil-containing sludge storage device;
the pretreatment system is used for performing scattering and crushing pretreatment on the oily sludge;
the thermal cracking system comprises a feeding device I, a thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device, a furnace slag organic matter content detecting device, a separator I, a condenser, an oil-water separator, an oil collecting device and a water collecting device, wherein the furnace slag organic matter content detecting device is used for detecting the organic matter content of furnace slag in the thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device; the first feeding device is connected with a feeding hole of the thermal cracking furnace, and the material in the first feeding device is pretreated high-oil-content sludge; the residue output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with the thermal cracking slag collecting device, the oil-gas output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with the first separator, the material separation outlet of the first separator is connected with the thermal cracking slag collecting device, the gas separation outlet of the first separator is connected with the condenser, the condensate outlet of the condenser is connected with the oil-water separator, the oil outlet of the oil-water separator is connected with the oil collecting device, and the water outlet of the oil-water separator is connected with the water collecting device;
the roasting system comprises a feeding device II, a roasting furnace, a heat exchanger I, a roasting furnace slag collecting device, a settling chamber and a separator II; the feeding device II is connected with a feeding hole of the roasting furnace, and the material in the feeding device II is pretreated low-oil-content sludge and/or furnace slag with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 0.5 percent in a thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device; the residue output end of the roasting furnace is connected with the input end of a first heat exchanger, and the output end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the roasting furnace slag collecting device; the flue gas output end of the roasting furnace is connected with the settling chamber, the flue gas output end of the settling chamber is connected with the second separator, and the material output ends of the settling chamber and the second separator are connected with the roasting slag collecting device;
the cement kiln system comprises a raw material system, a preheater, a decomposing furnace, a rotary kiln, a grate cooler, a cement clinker collecting device, a kiln head waste gas treatment device and a kiln tail waste gas treatment device, wherein the raw material system comprises a raw material adding and raw material batching device and a raw material grinding device, the raw material system is used for adding cement raw materials and slag, and the slag is the slag with the organic matter content of less than 0.5% in the thermal cracking slag collecting device and/or the slag in the roasting slag collecting device; the flue gas output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with a second heat exchanger through a first pipeline, the output end of the second heat exchanger is connected with the input end of the low-temperature gas converging box, the input end of the low-temperature gas converging box is also connected with the flue gas output end of the second separator, and the output end of the low-temperature gas converging box is connected with the input end of the first grate cooler; the flue gas output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with the input end of the high-temperature gas converging box through a second pipeline, the input end of the high-temperature gas converging box is also connected with the output end of the second grate cooler section, the output end of the second grate cooler section is also connected with the flue gas input end of the thermal cracking furnace, and the output end of the high-temperature gas converging box is connected with the flue gas input end of the roasting furnace; and a non-condensable gas outlet of the condenser is connected with an input end of the rotary kiln.
When the method is used, for the pretreated sludge with high oil content: weighing the slag, putting the slag into a thermal cracking furnace for thermal cracking treatment, separating the thermally cracked oil gas by using a separator I, detecting the organic content of the separated slag and the thermally cracked slag by using a slag organic content detection device, and putting the slag with the organic content less than 0.5 percent into a raw material feeding and raw material batching device of a cement kiln system after heat exchange; and carrying out condensation separation treatment on the separated oil gas by using the condenser and the oil-water separator, feeding the treated non-condensable gas into a rotary kiln in a cement kiln system, collecting the separated water into the water collecting device, and collecting the separated oil into the oil collecting device.
For the pretreated low oil-containing sludge and the slag with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 0.5 percent after thermal cracking: after being weighed, the slag is put into the roasting furnace for roasting treatment, and the roasted slag is subjected to heat exchange treatment through a first heat exchanger; conveying the roasted flue gas to the settling chamber and the second separator in sequence for settling separation treatment, and putting the separated slag and the heat-exchanged slag into a raw material adding and raw material batching device of a cement kiln system; the separated gas enters a low-temperature converging gas box; when the roasting furnace is not opened, the flue gas after thermal cracking enters a low-temperature confluent gas box after heat exchange, and then is conveyed to the first section of the grate cooler; when the roasting furnace is opened, the thermally cracked flue gas enters a high-temperature confluent gas box and is mixed with the gas of the second section of the grate cooler to provide a heat source for the roasting furnace. The invention uses the thermal cracking and roasting slag as a substitute raw material to be put into a cement kiln raw material system, and the cement kiln co-processing feeding mode can realize the large-scale co-processing of solid waste by the cement kiln.
In a specific embodiment using the invention, the thermal cracking furnace is set to be in a micro-positive pressure state, so that air leakage in discharging can be avoided, and the safety of system operation is ensured.
In a specific embodiment, the condenser comprises an oil condenser and a steam condenser, the gas separation outlet of the first separator is connected with the input end of the oil condenser, the oil separation outlet of the oil condenser is connected with an oil collecting device, the steam separation outlet of the oil condenser is connected with the steam condenser, the non-condensable gas of the steam condenser is connected with the input end of the rotary kiln, and the condensate of the steam condenser is connected with the oil-water separator. And a sewage treatment device is also arranged between the water outlet of the oil-water separator and the water collecting device.
In a specific embodiment, the device for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge further comprises a third heat exchanger, wherein the third heat exchanger is used for carrying out heat exchange on slag with the organic matter content of less than 0.5% in the thermal cracking slag collecting device.
In a specific embodiment, the roasting furnace comprises a drying section, a drying and dewatering section and a high-temperature roasting section which are connected in sequence, wherein the drying section is close to the input end of the roasting furnace, and the high-temperature roasting section is close to the output end of the roasting furnace. The temperature of the air flow in the drying section is 120-150 ℃, and the temperature of the material in the drying section is 30-100 ℃; the air flow temperature of the drying and dehydrating section is 150-300 ℃, and the material temperature of the drying and dehydrating section is 100-300 ℃; the airflow temperature of the high-temperature roasting section is 400-600 ℃, and the material temperature of the high-temperature roasting section is 300-400 ℃.
On the other hand, as shown in fig. 1, the invention also provides a method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the oily sludge is detected in factory and stored in different areas
And (3) carrying out oil content detection on the oily sludge entering the factory, if the oil content of the oily sludge is more than or equal to 5%, storing the oily sludge as high-oil-content sludge to a high-oil-content sludge storage area, and if the oil content of the oily sludge is less than 5%, storing the oily sludge as low-oil-content sludge to a low-oil-content sludge storage area.
(2) Pretreatment of oil-containing sludge
Because the oily sludge contains impurities such as stones and is in a block shape, pretreatment equipment is required to be configured for pretreatment such as scattering, crushing and the like, so that the thermal efficiency of the subsequent thermal cracking unit and the subsequent roasting unit is improved. In a specific embodiment, the flow of the pre-treatment is as follows: oily sludge is taken out from a storage area through a forklift, enters a feeding bin with a suspension hopper and a bin wall rapping device, is conveyed to special scattering crushing equipment through a plate-feeding conveyor, both high-oil-content sludge and low-oil-content sludge can be scattered by one set of scattering crushing pretreatment equipment, and then enters respective pretreatment bins after being scattered, the high-oil-content sludge enters a high-oil-content sludge pretreatment product bin after being pretreated, and the low-oil-content sludge enters a low-oil-content sludge pretreatment product bin after being pretreated.
(3) Thermal cracking and oil recovery treatment of high oil-containing sludge
In a specific embodiment, the discharge end of the high oil-containing sludge pretreatment product bin is provided with a wide-mouth chain plate conveyor, materials are conveyed to an intermediate bin through the chain plate conveyor, and the intermediate bin is provided with a suspension hopper and a bin wall rapping device and then enters a chain plate belt scale. The feeding amount set value can be adjusted according to production and quality control requirements in a local control cabinet and a central control room, and the program automatically adjusts the rotating speed of the belt weigher according to the set value to realize stable control of the feeding amount. In the use process, all equipment can realize the functions of local start-stop, manual start-stop of a control room and automatic linkage start-stop of a program, and the metered high-oil-content sludge pretreatment product enters the thermal cracking furnace through the screw feeder.
The thermal cracking furnace is arranged in a micro-positive pressure state, so that air leakage during discharging is avoided, and the safety of system operation is ensured. All high-temperature regions of the thermal cracking furnace are from high-temperature air at about 800-900 ℃ at the two-stage of the cement kiln grate cooler, and the working temperature in the thermal cracking furnace reactor is ensured to be not lower than 350 ℃ by adjusting the high-temperature thermal air door, so that the materials are desorbed at the optimum temperature. After high oily sludge enters a thermal cracking furnace reactor, water evaporation is realized through heating and drying of the front section, oil-containing materials after drying stay for proper time in the reactor, organic pollutants (oil) in a solid phase are desorbed, and thermal cracking furnace residues after the organic pollutants are desorbed enter different subsequent processing units according to the height of an organic matter content detection value of the thermal cracking furnace residues, and the method is specific: if the organic matter content is more than or equal to 0.5 percent, entering the step (4) and roasting together with the low oil-containing sludge; and (5) if the organic matter content is less than 0.5%, performing waste heat utilization through a boiler soft water heat exchanger, and then entering a cement kiln raw material feeding point in the step (5). The thermal cracking furnace is supplied with heat source of 400-450 ℃ high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas, and during the operation of the roasting furnace, the high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas is also converged with 800-900 ℃ high-temperature air from the two-stage grate cooler of the cement kiln in a high-temperature converging gas box and then enters a roasting furnace system for utilization; if the roasting furnace does not operate, the part of high-temperature gas is subjected to waste heat utilization through the heat exchanger, then enters the low-temperature gas-converging box and then returns to one section of the grate cooler.
The heat exchanger adopts the boiler soft water heat exchanger to carry out waste heat utilization, and the exhaust steam that utilizes cement plant waste heat power generation system's steam to do work back formation circulation of using boiler soft water as coolant after the condensation, produces the boiler soft water of higher temperature and gets into kiln hood waste heat power generation boiler and carry out the electricity generation and utilize.
The method comprises the following steps that (1) dusty gas discharged from a thermal cracking furnace firstly enters a cyclone separator to realize material-gas-solid separation, the material discharged from the separator is converged with thermal cracking furnace slag, the gas discharged from the separator enters a counter-flow tube type condensing tower, condensate is recovered at the bottom of the tower and is injected into an oil-water separator to carry out oil-water separation, water is separated and then enters a sewage treatment device in a sewage treatment system, and the separated oil can be recycled; the non-condensable gas directly enters a rotary kiln of the cement kiln system for burning treatment.
Optionally, after the condensate enters the oil-water separator, under the action of centrifugal sedimentation, the oil component floats upwards and enters the dirty oil tank along with the oil scraping system, and the separated and discharged oily sewage enters the EPS oil-water separator. The EPS oil-water separator structurally integrates pretreatment, oil-water separation and post-treatment of wastewater. The oil-water mixture enters a first-stage treatment tank through an inflow pipe, aeration is carried out in the first-stage treatment tank, and primary separation is carried out on the wastewater. In the oil-water separation pool, the pretreated wastewater is subjected to oil-water separation again, so that the oil-water separation efficiency is improved. An oil adsorbent is arranged in the filter tank, the wastewater is adsorbed and filtered by the filler, the oil-water separation is further perfected, and all the effluent enters a sewage processor; the oily wastewater is atomized and sprayed into the decomposing furnace through a special pump and a spray gun for harmless treatment.
(4) Roasting treatment is carried out on low oil-containing sludge
The roasting furnace can be started as an independent production unit and can also be coupled with the thermal cracking furnace for operation; the processed object is thermal cracking slag with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 0.5 percent in the step (3); the other type is oily sludge with low oil content, which cannot economically recover oil and has low resource utilization value, such as oil sludge containing partial organic polluted soil and oil sludge with the oil content of less than 5 percent.
The discharge end of the low oil-containing sludge pretreatment product bin is provided with a wide-mouth chain plate conveyor, materials are conveyed to an intermediate bin through the chain plate conveyor, the intermediate bin also receives thermal cracking furnace slag (the organic matter content is more than or equal to 0.5%), the intermediate bin is provided with a suspension hopper and a bin wall rapping device, and then the materials enter a chain plate belt scale. The feeding amount set value can be adjusted according to production and quality control requirements in a local control cabinet and a central control room, and the program automatically adjusts the rotating speed of the belt weigher according to the set value to realize stable control of the feeding amount. In the using process, all equipment can realize the functions of local start-stop, manual start-stop of a control chamber and automatic linkage start-stop of a program, and the metered low-oil-content sludge pretreatment product enters the roasting furnace through the screw feeder.
In a specific embodiment, the roasting furnace is technically divided into three sections, wherein the first section is a drying section, the second section is a drying and dehydrating section, and the third section is a high-temperature roasting section.
Optionally, the drying section is a chain drying section, and the chain drying section enables materials entering the kiln to form a material curtain through the synergistic effect of the material raising plate and the chain, so that the contact area with hot air flow is increased, and drying is realized to a greater extent; in addition, the chains in the furnace can capture dust in the airflow, so that the load of a tail gas treatment section is reduced; and the agglomerated materials in the furnace are scattered. The temperature of the air flow in the section is 120-150 ℃, and the temperature of the material is 30-100 ℃.
After the materials are discharged from the chain drying section, the materials enter a drying and dehydrating section, the materials continuously roll in the drying and dehydrating section, and continuously exchange heat with hot air flow to perform drying and dehydrating (not only removing external moisture, but also removing internal crystallized moisture); and low-volatility organic matters in the materials are removed while drying and dewatering are carried out. The temperature of the air flow in the section is 150 ℃ to 300 ℃, and the temperature of the material is 100 ℃ to 300 ℃.
After the material is taken out of the drying and dehydrating section, the material enters a high-temperature roasting section, the material continuously rolls in the section and continuously carries out reverse mixing contact heat exchange with high-temperature mixed oxygen-enriched gas entering the furnace, the airflow temperature is 400-plus-600 ℃ and the material temperature is 300-plus-400 ℃ in the section, organic matters contained in the material are desorbed and oxidized and incinerated while the material continuously exchanges heat with the high-temperature oxygen-enriched air and is heated, so that the organic matter content of the roasting furnace slag is ensured to be less than 0.5 percent, the quality requirement of the feeding point of the HJ662 raw material is met, and the organic matter content of the furnace slag can be further reduced by adjusting the air volume, the temperature, the feeding amount and the rotating speed of; and (3) cooling discharged materials, wherein the cooling medium is as follows: and (3) soft water for waste heat power generation, wherein the produced water with higher temperature enters a kiln head waste heat power generation boiler, the temperature of the material discharged from a cooler is required to be less than' environmental temperature +70 ℃, and then cement raw materials in the step (5) are added.
And (3) carrying out primary material-gas separation on the waste gas out of the roasting furnace through a settling chamber, then carrying out material-gas separation through a high-efficiency cyclone separator, and feeding the materials separated from the settling chamber and the high-efficiency cyclone separator and the roasting furnace slag into the cement raw material obtained in the step (5) so as to further realize comprehensive resource utilization. The waste gas (containing part of organic waste gas) from the high-efficiency cyclone separator enters the cement kiln grate cooler under the traction of a system fanThe waste gas passes through a high-temperature material layer at one section of the grate cooler under the traction and pressurization effects of the fan at one section, and enters the cement kiln and the decomposing furnace for high-temperature oxidation as secondary air and tertiary air of the cement kiln, and organic waste gas contained in the waste gas is oxidized into CO at high temperature2And H2And O. The toxic gases such as dioxin in the waste gas are oxidized into CO at high temperature2、NOxAnd chlorine-containing gas and the like, wherein after the waste gas passes through the cement kiln decomposition furnace, the chlorine-containing waste gas reacts with the high-activity CaO in the classification furnace to form CaCl2And (4) waiting for salt, and solidifying into silicate mineral crystal lattices in the clinker. And then, the dechlorinated waste gas sequentially passes through a preheater, a denitration system, a waste heat power generation system, a raw material grinding system, a dust removal system and the like of the cement kiln system, and the waste gas is subjected to harmless treatment and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
(5) Slag is added in a cement raw material system to realize the cooperative treatment of the cement kiln
The cement raw material added at the cement raw material adding point is cement raw materials such as cement limestone and siliceous raw materials, and the like, and the other materials are roasting furnace slag and/or thermal cracking furnace slag (the organic matter content is less than 0.5%). The furnace slag is brought into a cement raw material batching system after being analyzed and detected by components, is dried and ground together with cement raw materials such as cement limestone, siliceous raw materials and the like after being metered by raw material batching, is dried, preheated and pre-sintered by various preheaters of a cement kiln preheater system, and then enters a cement kiln decomposing furnace and a cement rotary kiln for harmless treatment and resource utilization. In the above process, SiO in the above-mentioned roasted slag and thermal cracking slag2、Al2O3、Fe2O3And the components such as CaO and the like are used as substitute raw materials to be recycled, and a small amount of heavy metal in the slag is solidified in the crystal lattice of the clinker according to the technical principle of cement kiln synergistic treatment of solid waste, and is subjected to harmless treatment.
In conclusion, the invention can recover oil through a thermal cracking technical route and remove organic matters in the oily sludge by combining a roasting technical route, so that the final slag can be added in a cement raw material system, and the cement kiln can cooperatively treat large-scale oily sludge; in addition, toxic waste gas generated in the cracking and roasting processes can enter the cement kiln system through a fan at one section of the grate cooler, and the mixed furnace gas detoxification system formed by a preheater, a denitration system, a bag type dust collector and the like of the cement kiln system is utilized for further detoxification and evacuation after the detoxification reaches the standard. When the sludge oil-containing device is used, the technical routes can be flexibly switched according to different sludge oil-containing rates, so that the resource utilization value is improved to the maximum extent, the harmless treatment cost is reduced, and the project investment income is maximized.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A device for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge is characterized by comprising a factory-entering detection and partition storage system, a pretreatment system, a thermal cracking system, a roasting system, a cement kiln system and a gas converging system, wherein the gas converging system comprises a low-temperature converging gas box and a high-temperature converging gas box;
the in-plant detection and partitioned storage system comprises an oil content detection device, a high oil-containing sludge storage device and a low oil-containing sludge storage device, wherein the oil content detection device is used for detecting the oil content of in-plant oil-containing sludge, if the oil content of in-plant oil-containing sludge is more than or equal to 5%, the in-plant oil-containing sludge is stored in the high oil-containing sludge storage device, and if the oil content of in-plant oil-containing sludge is less than 5%, the in-plant oil-containing sludge is stored in the low oil-containing sludge storage device;
the pretreatment system is used for performing scattering and crushing pretreatment on the oily sludge;
the thermal cracking system comprises a feeding device I, a thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device, a furnace slag organic matter content detecting device, a separator I, a condenser, an oil-water separator, an oil collecting device and a water collecting device, wherein the furnace slag organic matter content detecting device is used for detecting the organic matter content of furnace slag in the thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device; the first feeding device is connected with a feeding hole of the thermal cracking furnace, and the material in the first feeding device is pretreated high-oil-content sludge; the residue output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with the thermal cracking slag collecting device, the oil-gas output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with the first separator, the material separation outlet of the first separator is connected with the thermal cracking slag collecting device, the gas separation outlet of the first separator is connected with the condenser, the condensate outlet of the condenser is connected with the oil-water separator, the oil outlet of the oil-water separator is connected with the oil collecting device, and the water outlet of the oil-water separator is connected with the water collecting device;
the roasting system comprises a feeding device II, a roasting furnace, a heat exchanger I, a roasting furnace slag collecting device, a settling chamber and a separator II; the feeding device II is connected with a feeding hole of the roasting furnace, and the material in the feeding device II is pretreated low-oil-content sludge and/or furnace slag with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 0.5 percent in a thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device; the residue output end of the roasting furnace is connected with the input end of a first heat exchanger, and the output end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the roasting furnace slag collecting device; the flue gas output end of the roasting furnace is connected with the settling chamber, the flue gas output end of the settling chamber is connected with the second separator, and the material output ends of the settling chamber and the second separator are connected with the roasting slag collecting device;
the cement kiln system comprises a raw material system, a preheater, a decomposing furnace, a rotary kiln, a grate cooler, a cement clinker collecting device, a kiln head waste gas treatment device and a kiln tail waste gas treatment device, wherein the raw material system is used for adding cement raw materials and furnace slag, and the furnace slag is the furnace slag with the organic matter content of less than 0.5% in the thermal cracking furnace slag collecting device and/or the furnace slag in the roasting furnace slag collecting device; the flue gas output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with a second heat exchanger through a first pipeline, the output end of the second heat exchanger is connected with the input end of the low-temperature gas converging box, the input end of the low-temperature gas converging box is also connected with the flue gas output end of the second separator, and the output end of the low-temperature gas converging box is connected with the input end of the first grate cooler; the flue gas output end of the thermal cracking furnace is connected with the input end of the high-temperature gas converging box through a second pipeline, the input end of the high-temperature gas converging box is also connected with the output end of the second grate cooler section, the output end of the second grate cooler section is also connected with the flue gas input end of the thermal cracking furnace, and the output end of the high-temperature gas converging box is connected with the flue gas input end of the roasting furnace; and a non-condensable gas outlet of the condenser is connected with an input end of the rotary kiln.
2. The apparatus for recycling and detoxifying oil-containing sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein said thermal cracking furnace is set to a micro-positive pressure state.
3. The apparatus for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein the condenser comprises an oil condenser and a steam condenser, the gas separation outlet of the first separator is connected with the input end of the oil condenser, the oil separation outlet of the oil condenser is connected with an oil collecting device, the steam separation outlet of the oil condenser is connected with the steam condenser, the non-condensable gas of the steam condenser is connected with the input end of the rotary kiln, and the condensed liquid of the steam condenser is connected with the oil-water separator.
4. The device for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein a sewage treatment device is further arranged between the water outlet of the oil-water separator and the water collection device.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a third heat exchanger for heat exchange with the thermal cracking slag collecting apparatus, wherein the slag contains less than 0.5% of organic matter.
6. The device for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the roasting furnace comprises a drying section, a drying and dewatering section and a high-temperature roasting section which are connected in sequence, the drying section is close to the input end of the roasting furnace, and the high-temperature roasting section is close to the output end of the roasting furnace.
7. The device for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the air flow of the drying section is 120-150 ℃, and the temperature of the material of the drying section is 30-100 ℃; the air flow temperature of the drying and dehydrating section is 150-300 ℃, and the material temperature of the drying and dehydrating section is 100-300 ℃; the airflow temperature of the high-temperature roasting section is 400-600 ℃, and the material temperature of the high-temperature roasting section is 300-400 ℃.
8. A method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
starting a cement kiln system, and providing a heat source for a thermal cracking system and a roasting system by using residual hot gas of the cement kiln system;
detecting the oil content of oily sludge entering a factory, if the oil content of the oily sludge is more than or equal to 5%, storing the oily sludge as high-oil-content sludge to a high-oil-content sludge storage area, and if the oil content of the oily sludge is less than 5%, storing the oily sludge as low-oil-content sludge to a low-oil-content sludge storage area;
respectively performing scattering and crushing pretreatment on the high-oil-content sludge and the low-oil-content sludge;
for pretreated high oil-containing sludge: weighing, putting into a thermal cracking furnace for thermal cracking treatment, separating oil gas after thermal cracking, detecting the organic matter content of separated furnace slag and furnace slag after thermal cracking, and putting the furnace slag with the organic matter content of less than 0.5% into a cement kiln raw material system after heat exchange; condensing and separating the separated oil gas, enabling the treated non-condensable gas to enter a rotary kiln in a cement kiln system, collecting the separated water into a water collecting device, and collecting the separated oil into an oil collecting device;
for the pretreated low oil-containing sludge and the slag with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 0.5 percent after thermal cracking: after being weighed, the materials are put into a roasting furnace for roasting treatment, and the roasted furnace slag is subjected to heat exchange treatment; conveying the roasted flue gas to a settling chamber and a second separator in sequence for settling separation treatment, and putting the separated slag and the heat-exchanged slag into the cement kiln raw material; the separated gas enters a low-temperature converging gas box;
when the roasting furnace is not opened, the flue gas after thermal cracking enters a low-temperature confluent gas box after heat exchange, and then is conveyed to the first section of the grate cooler; when the roasting furnace is opened, the thermally cracked flue gas enters a high-temperature confluent gas box and is mixed with the gas of the second section of the grate cooler to provide a heat source for the roasting furnace.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the heat source of the thermal cracking furnace comprises high temperature oxygen-enriched gas at 400-450 ℃ and high temperature air at the second stage of the grate cooler, and the temperature of the high temperature air at the second stage of the grate cooler is 800-900 ℃.
10. The method for resource utilization and harmless treatment of oily sludge according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the roasting furnace comprises:
a drying section close to the input end of the roasting furnace, wherein the temperature of the air flow of the drying section is 120-150 ℃, and the temperature of the material of the drying section is 30-100 ℃;
a drying and dehydrating section adjacent to the drying section, wherein the air flow temperature of the drying and dehydrating section is 150-300 ℃, and the material temperature of the drying and dehydrating section is 100-300 ℃;
and the high-temperature roasting section is adjacent to the drying and dehydrating section, the airflow temperature of the high-temperature roasting section is 400-400 ℃, and the material temperature of the high-temperature roasting section is 300-400 ℃.
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| CN114890645A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-12 | 天津中材工程研究中心有限公司 | System and method for efficiently recycling oil sludge by using cement kiln |
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| CN114317956A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江省工业设计研究院有限公司 | Novel process method for cooperatively treating iron hazardous waste briquettes by converter |
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| CN114890645B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-09-01 | 天津中材工程研究中心有限公司 | System and method for efficiently recycling and disposing oil sludge by using cement kiln |
| CN115057596A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-09-16 | 清华大学无锡应用技术研究院 | Purification treatment method of oil sludge |
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