CN111923542A - 一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料 - Google Patents

一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料 Download PDF

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CN111923542A
CN111923542A CN202010685357.3A CN202010685357A CN111923542A CN 111923542 A CN111923542 A CN 111923542A CN 202010685357 A CN202010685357 A CN 202010685357A CN 111923542 A CN111923542 A CN 111923542A
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damping
layer
insulating
heat
vibration
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CN111923542B (zh
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王贯春
吴松岭
张瑞谦
洪晓峰
孙超
邱绍宇
龙绍军
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Nuclear Power Institute of China
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Abstract

本发明公开一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，包括从上至下依次设置的防护层、上隔热层、中低阻尼层、下隔热层和阻尼合金层，所述防护层为玻璃纤维布、聚酰亚胺泡沫或硅胶防火布，上隔热层和下隔热层均为二氧化硅气凝胶保温材料，中低阻尼层为粘弹性阻尼材料，阻尼合金层为减振合金。本发明的减振复合材料，轻质高效、耐高温、耐辐照，不但具有优异的隔热性能，而且具有较高的减振功能；自身的结构也避免了粉尘脱离以及由于受热、振动而引起的材料变形等问题；安装时不会造成工作人员皮肤不适，方便施工，更适用于核反应堆系统热力设备及管道的隔热保温。

Description

一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及保温隔热材料领域，具体涉及一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料。
背景技术
核反应堆系统在正常运行时，需要对其高温设备、管道外表面设置保温材料进行隔热，减少散热损失。核反应堆用保温材料不但需要具有优异的隔热性能、耐辐照性能、防火性能等，还应具有一定的阻尼减振功能，从而降低因热力设备管道振动而产生的仪器失效和噪声传播。
现有核反应堆热力管道系统的隔热一般采用超细玻璃棉类制品或金属反射保温层。超细玻璃棉虽具有较好的隔热性能和耐辐照性能，但不具备减振性能，容易产生粉尘，且不方便施工。二氧化硅气凝胶保温材料相比玻璃棉导热系数低，具有更优异的隔热性能，能有效降低保温层重量和保温厚度，但对被包覆管道设备也没有减振作用。金属反射保温层是利用金属箔的反射特性使辐射热在间隙中多次被反射以及利用金属箔之间的间隙给热对流造成阻碍等作用进行隔热，金属反射保温层相对玻璃棉虽具有不产生粉尘、易去污、可多次重复使用等优点，但同样不具备阻尼减振功能。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术中隔热材料不具备阻尼减振功能的问题，提供了一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，不仅具有阻尼减振和保温隔热性能，还能满足耐辐照、阻燃、环保等核反应堆应用环境要求。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：
一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，包括从上至下依次设置的防护层、上隔热层、中低阻尼层、下隔热层和阻尼合金层，上隔热层和下隔热层均为二氧化硅气凝胶保温材料，中低阻尼层为粘弹性阻尼材料，阻尼合金层为减振合金。
本发明的减振复合材料，轻质高效、耐高温、耐辐照，不但具有优异的隔热性能，室温导热系数不大于0.03W/mk，而且具有较高的减振功能；自身的结构也避免了粉尘脱离以及由于受热、振动而引起的材料变形等问题；安装时不会造成工作人员皮肤不适，方便施工，更适用于核反应堆系统热力设备及管道的隔热保温。
优选的，二氧化硅气凝胶保温材料的密度不大于300kg/m3，室温导热系数不大于0.025，上隔热层的厚度为5-6mm，下隔热层的厚度为5-10mm。
优选的，防护层的厚度为0.1-1.0mm。
优选的，阻尼合金层的厚度为0.05-3mm。
优选的，中低阻尼层的厚度为0.5-1mm。
优选的，所述防护层为玻璃纤维布、聚酰亚胺泡沫或硅胶防火布。
优选的，中低阻尼层采用聚氨酯、丁基或丁腈橡胶等粘弹性阻尼材料制得。
优选的，阻尼合金层采用Fe-Cr系减振合金、Mn-Cu系减振合金、Fe-Mn系减振合金或Mg基减振合金制得。
优选的，防护层、上隔热层、中低阻尼层、下隔热层和阻尼合金层各层之间通过粘合剂热固化成型。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，不仅具有阻尼减振和保温隔热性能，还能满足耐辐照、阻燃、环保等核反应堆应用环境要求。
2、本发明一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，以二氧化硅气凝胶保温材料为基材料，加入防护材料和阻尼材料，并调整保温材料和阻尼材料的厚度，使材料具有轻质、耐高温、耐辐照等特点，不但隔热性能好，而且具有较高的减振功能。
3、本发明一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，不含玻璃纤维，避免出现粉尘脱离以及由于受热、振动而引起的材料变形等问题；安装时不会造成工作人员皮肤不适，方便施工。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明材料层状结构示意图。
附图标记及对应零部件名称：1-防护层，2-上隔热层，3-中低阻尼层，4-下隔热层，5-阻尼合金层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例和附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明，本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明，并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
如图1所示，一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，包括从上至下依次设置的防护层1、上隔热层2、中低阻尼层3、下隔热层4和阻尼合金层5，防护层为0.1mm厚玻璃纤维布，上、下隔热层均为5mm厚的二氧化硅气凝胶纳米孔复合保温毡，中低阻尼层为0.5mm的聚氨酯粘弹性阻尼材料，阻尼合金层为0.3mm的镁锂合金，各层之间利用粘合剂层压制得复合保温隔热材料，并进行性能测试。
实施例2
一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，包括从上至下依次设置的防护层1、上隔热层2、中低阻尼层3、下隔热层4和阻尼合金层5，防护层为0.3mm厚聚酰亚胺泡沫，上隔热层均为5mm厚的二氧化硅气凝胶纳米孔复合保温毡，下隔热层为10mm厚的二氧化硅气凝胶纳米孔复合保温毡，中低阻尼层为0.5mm的丁基橡胶粘弹性阻尼材料，阻尼合金层为0.3mm的镁锂合金箔，各层之间利用粘合剂层压制得复合保温隔热材料，并进行性能测试。
实施例3
一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，包括从上至下依次设置的防护层1、上隔热层2、中低阻尼层3、下隔热层4和阻尼合金层5，防护层为0.3mm厚的聚酰亚胺泡沫，上隔热层均为5mm厚的二氧化硅气凝胶纳米孔复合保温毡，下隔热层为10mm厚的二氧化硅气凝胶纳米孔复合保温毡，中低阻尼层为0.5mm的腈橡胶粘弹性阻尼材料，阻尼合金层为0.2mm的锰铜系合金，各层之间利用粘合剂层压制得复合保温隔热材料，并进行性能测试。
实施例4
一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，包括从上至下依次设置的防护层1、上隔热层2、中低阻尼层3、下隔热层4和阻尼合金层5，防护层为0.2mm厚防火布，上隔热层均为5mm厚的二氧化硅气凝胶纳米孔复合保温毡，下隔热层为10mm厚的二氧化硅气凝胶纳米孔复合保温毡，中低阻尼层为1mm的聚氨酯粘弹性阻尼材料，阻尼合金层为3.0mm的镁锂合金箔。各层之间利用粘合剂层压制得复合保温隔热材料，并进行性能测试。
对比各实施例制备的隔热材料的保温及减振性能，如下表：
编号 室温热导系数(W/mk) 阻尼因子
实施例1 0.020 0.26
实施例2 0.018 0.30
实施例3 0.019 0.31
实施例4 0.025 0.33
从上述数据可知，本发明的复合结构减振隔热材料，热导系数低，具有优异的隔热性能，保温性能良好，厚度薄，质量轻便，能有效降低保温层重量和保温厚度，同时具有优良的减振性能，能够对包覆的管道设备起到良好的减振作用。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，其特征在于，包括从上至下依次设置的防护层(1)、上隔热层(2)、中低阻尼层(3)、下隔热层(4)和阻尼合金层(5)，上隔热层(2)和下隔热层(4)均为二氧化硅气凝胶保温材料，中低阻尼层(3)为粘弹性阻尼材料，阻尼合金层(5)为减振合金。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，其特征在于，二氧化硅气凝胶保温材料的密度不大于300kg/m3，室温导热系数不大于0.025。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，其特征在于，上隔热层(2)的厚度为5-6mm，下隔热层(4)的厚度为5-10mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，其特征在于，防护层(1)的厚度为0.1-1.0mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，其特征在于，阻尼合金层(5)的厚度为0.05-3mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，其特征在于，中低阻尼层(3)的厚度为0.5-1mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，其特征在于，所述防护层(1)为玻璃纤维布、聚酰亚胺泡沫或硅胶防火布。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，其特征在于，中低阻尼层(3)采用聚氨酯、丁基或丁腈橡胶制得。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，其特征在于，阻尼合金层(5)采用Fe-Cr系减振合金、Mn-Cu系减振合金、Fe-Mn系减振合金或Mg基减振合金制得。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温隔热减振复合材料，其特征在于，防护层(1)、上隔热层(2)、中低阻尼层(3)、下隔热层(4)和阻尼合金层(5)各层之间通过粘合剂热固化成型。
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