CN111923518A - 一种隔热降噪复合层材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种隔热降噪复合层材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111923518A
CN111923518A CN202010821367.5A CN202010821367A CN111923518A CN 111923518 A CN111923518 A CN 111923518A CN 202010821367 A CN202010821367 A CN 202010821367A CN 111923518 A CN111923518 A CN 111923518A
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bonding
heat
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composite
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CN111923518B (zh
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胡广全
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Hangzhou Keneng New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种隔热降噪复合层材料及其制备方法。隔热降噪复合层材料包括依次设置的附着层、第一粘接层、无机纤维层、第三粘接层、阻隔层、第四粘接层、第一铝箔层；所述第三粘接层的涂覆量为1.5‑20g/m2，第一粘接层和第四粘接层的涂覆量为1.5‑5g/m2，且原料均为有机胶粘剂，附着层的克重为15‑50g/m2，阻隔层和第一铝箔层的厚度均为6‑30μm。本发明的隔热降噪复合层材料可用于室内外的隔热和降噪，其具有方便安装，隔热降噪效果好的优点。

Description

一种隔热降噪复合层材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及隔热降噪材料领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种隔热降噪复合层材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展，人们对自己的居住环境以及工作环境要求逐渐提高，逐渐开始使用各种隔热降噪的材料，用于减少室内外声音和温度的传递，提供安静以及温度适宜的工作和居住环境。
为实现隔热降噪，现在市场有很多相应的功能性墙体，直接通过墙体的安装来实现减少内外温度和声音的传递，这种整块的功能性墙体需要在设计的时候就敲定，若是墙体安装完成后再想要安装功能性的墙体，就需要把原有的墙体拆除重新进行功能性墙体的安装，非常麻烦，墙体成型后不能通过简单操作就实现安装。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种隔热降噪复合层材料，其具有方便安装的优点。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种隔热降噪复合层材料的制备方法，其具有获得层间结合力强，且具有隔音隔热效果的复合层材料的优点。
为实现上述第一个目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：一种隔热降噪复合层材料，包括依次设置的附着层、第一粘接层、无机纤维层、第三粘接层、阻隔层、第四粘接层、第一铝箔层；所述第三粘接层的涂覆量为1.5-20g/m2，第一粘接层和第四粘接层的涂覆量为1.5-5g/m2，且原料均为有机胶粘剂，附着层的克重为15-50g/m2，阻隔层和第一铝箔层的厚度均为6-30μm。
通过各种层复合而成的层材料，获得薄且柔韧的层材料，方便携带和安装，使用时将其附着层粘接于内墙面上即可，大大提高安装便利性，可以直接将附着层粘接于内墙，抚平后即可；安装方便，且不需要破坏原有墙体。
无机纤维作为主体架构为复合层材料提供优异的机械性能，使得复合层材料整体具有优秀的机械性能，为安装提供便利，且对环境无污染。
第一铝箔层原料为铝箔，铝箔是用金属铝直接压延成薄片的烫印材料，质地柔软，具有很好的隔热效果，但易破损柔韧性差。通过将铝箔层粘接于第四粘接层上，结合无机纤维层，改善铝箔的柔韧性。铝箔可以减少其两侧热量的交换，实现隔热。阻隔层与第四粘接层配合，可以改善铝箔的柔韧性，大大减少铝箔易破的缺点。
第一粘接层、第三粘接层和第四粘接层原料为胶水，是高分子化合物，高分子材料分子连段长，易卷曲、相互缠结，受到振动(声波)时，分子链段中主链的单间会产生内旋转，从而改变内部构象、解缠而产生内摩擦，转化为热能散逸，实现隔音。同时复合层材料为高分子链段的运动提供柔韧性基础，减少复合层材料之间相互剥离的可能性。
进一步地，所述阻隔层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
采用上述技术方案，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为PET，具有良好的力学性能和冲击强度，同时耐折性好，有优良的阻气、水、油及异味性能，可以减少带有温度的热空气通过，实现阻隔的效果，同时减少水、油进入复合层材料内部，实现对复合层材料的保护。
进一步地，所述第一粘接层与无机纤维层之间依次设置有第二铝箔层和第二粘接层，第二铝箔层的厚度为6-30μm，第二粘接层的涂覆量为1.5-20g/m2。
采用上述技术方案，第二铝箔层的原料是铝箔，在复合层材料两外侧均设置铝箔，可以将热量隔绝于复合层材料的外侧，一方面加设了两道隔热层，提高了隔热的效果，另一方面可以减少传递至第一粘接层、第二粘接层、第三粘接层和第四粘接层以及阻隔层的热量，避免长时间高温对内部结构粘接性和结构强度造成负面影响。
进一步地，所述第一粘接层、第三粘接层和第四粘接层采用聚乙烯。
采用上述技术方案，聚乙烯无毒无臭，材料易得，同时具有优良的耐低温性能，在低温环境下也可以实现粘接，同时可以提高复合材料整体的柔韧性。
进一步地，所述第二粘接层采用聚乙烯。
采用上述技术方案，聚乙烯无毒无臭，材料易得，同时具有优良的耐低温性能，在低温环境下也可以实现粘接，同时可以提高复合材料整体的柔韧性。
进一步地，所述无线纤维层采用玻璃纤维布，所述玻璃纤维布的克重为60-300g/m2。
采用上述技术方案，配合各层材料在保证复合层材料机械强度的基础上，同时轻便，方便生产、运输和安装。
进一步地，所述附着层远离第一粘接层的一侧粘接有附加隔音层，所述附加隔音层为发泡聚氨酯、玻璃棉、岩棉中的一种。
采用上述技术方案，将附着层与附加隔音层复合后，一方面，复合层材料的隔音效果可以得到很好的提升，另一方面，减少玻璃棉、岩棉单独使用时，长时间后容易出现老化飞絮的情况。
为实现上述第二个目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：一种隔热降噪复合层材料及其制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：将第四粘接层的原料加热至40-80℃，在第一铝箔层的铝箔暗面上涂覆第四粘接层的原料，再在第四粘接层外粘接阻隔层；将上述获得材料在40-80℃的温度以及0.3-0.45MPa的压力下热压0.1-1s，冷却后，得到第一复合层；
S2：在第二铝箔层的铝箔亮面上涂覆第二粘接层的原料，再在第二粘接层外粘接无机纤维层，再将上述获得材料在40-80℃的温度以及0.3-0.45MPa的压力下热压0.1-1s，冷却后，得到第二复合层；
S3：将第一复合层的无机纤维层外表面涂覆第三粘接层的原料，再将第二复合层粘接于第三粘接层外表面，将上述获得材料40-80℃的温度以及0.3-0.45MPa的压力下热压0.1-1s，冷却后，得到主体复合层；
S4：将主体复合层无机纤维层的外表面上涂覆第一粘接层的原料，再将附着层粘接于第一粘接层上，将上述获得材料在40-80℃的温度以及0.3-0.45MPa的压力下热压0.1-1s，冷却后，得到隔热降噪复合层材料；
所述S1和S2无先后顺序要求。
采用上述技术方案，获得层间结合力强，且具有隔音隔热效果的复合层材料。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、由于本发明采用附着层、第一粘接层、无机纤维层、第三粘接层、阻隔层、第四粘接层、第一铝箔层形成获得薄且柔韧的复合层材料，方便携带和安装，使用时将其附着层粘接于内墙面上即可，大大提高安装便利性，可以直接将附着层粘接于内墙，抚平后即可；安装方便，且不需要破坏原有墙体。
2、由于本发明采用附着层、第一粘接层、无机纤维层、第三粘接层、阻隔层、第四粘接层、第一铝箔层，无机纤维层与第一粘接层、第三粘接层和第四粘接层的配合，改善铝箔的柔韧性，提高铝箔在安装和使用时的稳定性和寿命；并且实现隔热降噪的效果。
3、由于本发明采用第二铝箔层，可以将热量隔绝于复合层材料的外侧，一方面加设了两道隔热层，提高了隔热的效果，另一方面可以减少传递至第一粘接层、第二粘接层、第三粘接层和第四粘接层以及阻隔层的热量，避免长时间高温对内部结构粘接性和结构强度造成负面影响。
4、由于本发明采用附加隔音层的配合使用，一方面，复合层材料的隔音效果可以得到很好的提升，另一方面，减少玻璃棉、岩棉单独使用时，长时间后容易出现老化飞絮的情况。
附图说明
图1是本发明复合层材料的层结构示意图。
附图标记：1、第一铝箔层；2、第四粘接层；3、阻隔层；4、第三粘接层；5、无机纤维层；6、第二粘接层；7、第二铝箔层；8、第一粘接层；9、附着层；10、附加隔离层。
具体实施方式
实施例1-10：一种隔热降噪复合层材料，实施例1-5包括的层结构以及层结构具体参数如表1.1所示，实施例6-10包括的层结构以及层结构具体参数如表1.2所示，且由以下步骤制备：
S1：将第四粘接层2的原料加热至40℃，在第一铝箔层1的铝箔暗面上通过涂胶辊涂覆第四粘接层2的原料形成第四粘接层2，再在第四粘接层2外粘接阻隔层3，再将上述获得材料在40℃的温度以及0.45MPa的压力下热压0.1s，得到第一复合层；
S2：将第二粘接层6的原料加热至40℃，在第二铝箔层7的铝箔亮面上通过涂胶辊涂覆第二粘接层6的原料形成第二粘接层6，再在第二粘接层6外粘接无机纤维层5，再将上述获得材料在40℃的温度以及0.45MPa的压力下通过热压辊热压1s，得到第二复合层；
S3：将第三粘接层4的原料加热至40-80℃，在第一复合层中无机纤维层5外表面通过涂胶辊涂覆第三粘接层4的原料形成第三粘接层4，再将第二复合层贴合于第三粘接层4外表面，将上述获得材料在40℃的温度以及0.45MPa的压力下通过热压辊热压1s，得到主体复合层；
S4：将第一粘接层8的原料加热至40℃，在主体复合层的无机纤维层5外表面上通过涂胶辊涂覆第一粘接层8的原料形成第一粘接层8，再将附着层9粘接于第一粘接层8上，将上述获得材料在40℃的温度以及0.45MPa的压力下通过热压辊热压1s，得到隔热降噪复合层材料；步骤S1和S2无先后顺序要求。
表1.1实施例1-5层结构以及层结构具体参数
Figure BDA0002634501440000051
表1.2实施例6-10层结构以及层结构具体参数
Figure BDA0002634501440000052
Figure BDA0002634501440000061
上述实施例中，附加隔音层与附着层通过环氧树脂粘接，环氧树脂在附着层上的涂覆量为20g/m2。
实施例11：一种隔热降噪复合层材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
SS1：将第四粘接层2的原料加热至80℃，在第一铝箔层1的铝箔暗面上通过涂胶辊涂覆第四粘接层2的原料形成第四粘接层2，再在第四粘接层2外粘接阻隔层3，再将上述获得材料在80℃的温度以及0.3MPa的压力下通过热压辊热压1s，得到第一复合层；
S2：将第二粘接层6的原料加热至80℃，在第二铝箔层7的铝箔亮面上通过涂胶辊涂覆第二粘接层6的原料形成第二粘接层6，再在第二粘接层6外粘接无机纤维层5，再将上述获得材料在80℃的温度以及0.3MPa的压力下通过热压辊热压1s，得到第二复合层；
S3：将第三粘接层4的原料加热至80℃，在第一复合层中无机纤维层5外表面通过涂胶辊涂覆第三粘接层4的原料形成第三粘接层4，再将第二复合层贴合于第三粘接层4外表面，将上述获得材料在80℃的温度以及0.3MPa的压力下通过热压辊热压1s，得到主体复合层；
S4：将第一粘接层8的原料加热至80℃，在主体复合层的无机纤维层5外表面上通过涂胶辊涂覆第一粘接层8的原料形成第一粘接层8，再将附着层9粘接于第一粘接层8上，将上述获得材料在80℃的温度以及0.3MPa的压力下通过热压辊热压1s，得到隔热降噪复合层材料；步骤S1和S2无先后顺序要求。
对比例1-5：与实施例1的区别在于，包括的层结构以及层结构具体参数如表2所示：
表2对比例1-5包括的层结构以及层结构具体参数
Figure BDA0002634501440000071
表征实验：
1、物理性能实验
实验对象：实施例1-10和对比例1-5，一共15组实验样品。
实验方法：测试第一铝箔层和第四粘接层与剩余层材料之间的撕裂强度和剥离强度。
撕裂强度实验：准备埃莱门多夫试验机，根据QB/T 1130-91中的尺寸标准裁取试样。每个实施例和对比例均设置十个平行样品，五个平行样品从对应的实施例和对比例宽度方向上均匀裁取，剩余五个平行样品从对应的实施例和对比例长度方向上裁取。再根据QB/T 1130-91在埃莱门多夫试验机上对实验样品进行实验，所有数据以平均数表示。
剥离强度实验：准备剥离强度试验机，每个实施例和对比例均设置十个平行样品，五个平行样品从对应的实施例和对比例宽度方向上均匀裁取，剩余五个平行样品从对应的实施例和对比例长度方向上裁取。沿实验样品的长度方向将第四粘接层与阻隔层预剥50mm，将玻璃的两部分分别夹在剥离强度试验机两个夹具上，且两部分在同一竖直面上；以300mm/min的速度使上下夹具相互远离，从而获得剥离力，所有数据以平均数表示。
实验结果：物理性能实验结果记录如表3所示。
表3物理性能实验结果记录
Figure BDA0002634501440000081
数据分析：由上表数据可知，实施例的撕裂强度和剥离力的值可以达到4-5左右，对比例有两种性能都差，以及其中一个性能差的情况，以及性能优异的对比例5。剥离力与第四粘接层和阻隔层直接相关，撕裂强度反映复合层材料的整体强度。
对比所有实施例，与其他实施例相比，实施例1-4未设置第二粘接层和第二铝箔层，其撕裂强度在所有实施例中呈现最低值；而采用了聚乙烯作为第一粘接层、第二粘接层、第三粘接层和第四粘接层的实施例7-10，表现除了优异的撕裂强度，PE实现层材料粘接的同时，可以平衡复合层材料整体的柔韧性和强度，从而提高撕裂强度。而对于剥离力，设置了阻隔层和第四粘接层的实施例均表现出了较好的剥离力，实施例的剥离力表现较差，聚偏二氯乙烯与第四粘接层之间的粘合力，较其他的阻隔材料和第四粘接层之间的粘合性能差。
对比例1中未设置阻隔层，会直接影响整体柔韧度，体现在撕裂强度上；对比例2中没有设置无机纤维层，没有主架构的支撑，其机械性能比较差，也是体现在撕裂强度上；对比例3未设置无机纤维层和阻隔层；对比例1-3都会使复合层材料整体柔韧度不够，影响铝箔使用寿命。对比例4中采用无机胶粘剂，胶粘力较差，影响整体的撕裂强度和剥离力。
对比例5中，由于其设置了较厚的第一粘接层、第三粘接层、第四粘接层以及阻隔层，其厚度大，柔韧度较差，不方便安装，同时成本较高，而且由以下实验可知，降噪和隔音效果并没有很好的提升，不采用。
2、降噪效果实验
实验对象：实施例1-10和对比例1-5，一共15组实验样品。
实验方法：准备噪音计，在密闭的空间内，用手机播放完整的《最炫民族风》歌曲作为声源，且手机音量调到最大，在距离音源20cm处测得噪音最高为72.3dB，最低为67.8dB。将实验样品紧靠于音源外侧，且将密闭空间分为两个部分，在距离音源20cm处测得噪音的最大分贝数，通过最大分贝数与72.3dB的差值计算出降噪量并记录。
实验结果：降噪效果实验结果记录如表4所示。
表4降噪效果实验结果记录
Figure BDA0002634501440000091
数据分析：由上表数据可知，未加设附加隔音层的实施例表现出了较好的隔音效果，而加设了附加隔音层的实施例2、实施例9-10可以大大提升复合层材料的隔音效果。对比例1-4隔音效果较差，对比例5在增加了第一粘接层、第三粘接层、第四粘接层以及阻隔层层厚度后，并没有表现出更好的隔音效果。
对比所有实施例，加设附加隔音层可以大大提升复合层材料的隔音效果。对比实施例1、3-8，阻隔层、第一粘接层、第二粘接层、第三粘接层和第四粘接层的配合可以提升复合层材料整体的隔音效果。
3、隔热效果实验
实验对象：实施例1-10和对比例1-5，一共15组实验样品。
实验方法：准备玻璃材质的密闭空间，并设置顶开结构，方便在其中放置和取出数显温度计。在玻璃材质密闭空间周侧面以及顶面内壁面通过环氧树脂贴上实验样品，将数显温度计放置于玻璃材质密闭空间中，并将其放置于23±1℃的空间内放置24h后(顶盖打开)，记录数显温度计读数作为初始温度；再关闭顶盖，并用密封胶密封，将玻璃材质密闭空间外侧空间温度升高并稳定至38±2℃，8h后，记录数显温度计读数作为最终温度，并计算温度差。另外增加设置对照组，玻璃材质密闭空间周侧面以及顶面内壁面不贴复合层材料。
实验结果：隔热效果实验结果记录如表5示。
表5隔热效果实验结果记录
Figure BDA0002634501440000101
数据分析：由上表数据可知，实施例的隔热效果好，尤其是实施例2和实施例9-10，对比例的隔热效果都不及实施例。
对比所有实施例，加设附加隔音层可以提升隔热效果，由于附加隔音层是具有多孔的蓬松材料，可以将声波转化为振动，从而实现隔音；加设了附加隔音层的实施例2、实施例9-10可以提升复合层材料的隔热效果。对比实施例1、3-8，阻隔层、第一粘接层、第二粘接层、第三粘接层和第四粘接层的配合可以提升复合层材料整体的隔热效果。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (8)

1.一种隔热降噪复合层材料，其特征在于，包括依次设置的附着层（9）、第一粘接层（8）、无机纤维层（5）、第三粘接层（4）、阻隔层（3）、第四粘接层（2）、第一铝箔层（1）；所述第三粘接层（4）的涂覆量为1.5-20g/m2，第一粘接层（8）和第四粘接层（2）的涂覆量为1.5-5g/m2，且原料均为有机胶粘剂，附着层（9）的克重为15-50g/m2，阻隔层（3）和第一铝箔层（1）的厚度均为6-30μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔热降噪复合层材料，其特征在于，所述阻隔层（3）为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种隔热降噪复合层材料，其特征在于，所述第一粘接层（8）与无机纤维层（5）之间依次设置有第二铝箔层（7）和第二粘接层（6），第二铝箔层（7）的厚度为6-30μm，第二粘接层（6）的涂覆量为1.5-20g/m2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔热降噪复合层材料，其特征在于，所述第一粘接层（8）、第三粘接层（4）和第四粘接层（2）采用聚乙烯。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种隔热降噪复合层材料，其特征在于，所述第二粘接层（6）采用聚乙烯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔热降噪复合层材料，其特征在于，所述无机纤维层（5）采用玻璃纤维布，所述玻璃纤维布的克重为60-300g/m2。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔热降噪复合层材料，其特征在于，所述附着层（9）远离第一粘接层（8）的一侧粘接有附加隔音层，所述附加隔音层为发泡聚氨酯、玻璃棉、岩棉中的一种。
8.权利要求1-7所述的一种隔热降噪复合层材料及其制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：将第四粘接层（2）的原料加热至40-80℃，在第一铝箔层（1）的铝箔暗面上涂覆第四粘接层（2）的原料形成第四粘接层（2），再在第四粘接层（2）外粘接阻隔层（3）；将上述获得材料在40-80℃的温度以及0.3-0.45MPa的压力下热压0.1-1s，得到第一复合层；
S2：将第二粘接层（6）的原料加热至40-80℃，在第二铝箔层（7）的铝箔亮面上涂覆第二粘接层（6）的原料形成第二粘接层（6），再在第二粘接层（6）外粘接无机纤维层（5），再将上述获得材料在40-80℃的温度以及0.3-0.45MPa的压力下热压0.1-1s，得到第二复合层；
S3：将第三粘接层（4）的原料加热至40-80℃，将第一复合层的无机纤维层（5）外表面涂覆第三粘接层（4）的原料形成第三粘接层（4），再将第二复合层粘接于第三粘接层（4）外表面，将上述获得材料40-80℃的温度以及0.3-0.45MPa的压力下热压0.1-1s，得到主体复合层；
S4：将第一粘接层（8）的原料加热至40-80℃，将主体复合层无机纤维层（5）的外表面上涂覆第一粘接层（8）的原料形成第一粘接层（8），再将附着层（9）粘接于第一粘接层（8）上，将上述获得材料在40-80℃的温度以及0.3-0.45MPa的压力下热压0.1-1s，得到隔热降噪复合层材料；
所述S1和S2无先后顺序要求。
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