CN111920730A - Repairing moisturizing cream and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Repairing moisturizing cream and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111920730A CN111920730A CN202010785976.XA CN202010785976A CN111920730A CN 111920730 A CN111920730 A CN 111920730A CN 202010785976 A CN202010785976 A CN 202010785976A CN 111920730 A CN111920730 A CN 111920730A
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- Prior art keywords
- skin
- extract
- repair
- parts
- sodium hyaluronate
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- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
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- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
- A61K8/4946—Imidazoles or their condensed derivatives, e.g. benzimidazoles
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- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/67—Vitamins
- A61K8/673—Vitamin B group
- A61K8/675—Vitamin B3 or vitamin B3 active, e.g. nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinyl aldehyde
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- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
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- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
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- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
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- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a repair moisturizing cream which comprises the following components: 0.01-70% of humectant, 0.1-5% of adsorbent, 0.1-8% of thickener, 0.1-23% of emollient, 0.01-0.8% of chelating agent, 0.1-5% of antioxidant, 0.1-6% of emulsifier, 0.1-2% of pH regulator, 0.1-90% of skin conditioner and the balance of water. The product can effectively improve the skin barrier repairing force when being used for human skin under the synergistic cooperation of all components, and simultaneously tighten the skin, shrink pores and improve the skin elasticity. The repairing and moisturizing cream is rich in natural plant and microorganism extracts as a skin conditioner, is easily absorbed by skin when in use, can effectively avoid pore blockage, can effectively repair the problems of melanin precipitation, acne and the like of the skin by using various natural components, improves the antibacterial and antioxidant capacity of the skin, and has the effects of repairing and promoting healing of the skin. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the repair moisturizing cream, which is simple to operate and can be industrially produced in large scale. The invention also discloses a skin conditioning composition and application thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cosmetics, and particularly relates to a repairing and moisturizing cream and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Skin tissue cells are easy to lose water, the skin is dry and cracked, the cortex is loose, skin pores are large and inelastic, and the like, caused by water loss, and certain damage can be caused to the skin. Therefore, moisturizing products have been popular products for skin care products. Compared with the simple moisturizing cosmetics, the moisturizing product, particularly the moisturizing cream product has high water content and can uniformly permeate into the skin, effectively relieve dry fine wrinkles of the skin and supplement moisturizing moisture of the skin, and is more suitable for being used in dry seasons.
However, the existing moisturizing cream only has a moisturizing function and a single effect, and most of the existing moisturizing cream is added with components such as preservatives and essences, so that the content of natural plant components is low. In addition, the skin wrinkles caused by dryness cannot be repaired, and the effect is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the repair moisturizing cream which can effectively relieve the skin, improve the skin barrier repair force and tighten the skin.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the repair moisturizing cream comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.01-70% of a humectant, 0.1-5% of an adsorbent, 0.1-8% of a thickener, 0.1-23% of an emollient, 0.01-0.8% of a chelating agent, 0.1-5% of an antioxidant, 0.1-6% of an emulsifier, 0.1-2% of a pH regulator, 0.1-90% of a skin conditioner and the balance of water; the skin conditioner comprises, by weight, 0.1-0.8% of allantoin, 0.1-3% of hydroxyphenylpropionamide benzoic acid, 0.1-2% of pomegranate peel (PUNICA GRANATUM) extract, 1-20% of OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA) stem extract, 1-20% of ALOE vera (ALOE BARBADENSIS) leaf juice, 1-15% of FOMES OFFICINALIS (FOMES OFFICINALIS) extract, 1-20% of centella asiatica (CENTELLA ASIATICA) extract, 1-8% of niacinamide, 0.1-12% of a sodium hyaluronate mixture and 1-20% of hypsizygus marmoreus (thmar immitum) extract; the sodium hyaluronate mixture comprises at least one of a sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer, sodium hyaluronate, hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate, and acetylated sodium hyaluronate.
The skin conditioner comprises pericarpium Granati extract, radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii extract, Aloe Barbadensis leaf juice, herba Centellae extract, fructus Anisi Stellati extract and medicinal Fomitopsis extract. The pomegranate rind extract is rich in ellagic acid, and the substance can effectively inhibit the activity of tyrosinase in human cells, regulate melanin deposition in skin, and delay skin aging; the extract of Opuntia ficus-indica has antibacterial effect, and can inhibit activity of androgen receptor in human body, inhibit acne caused by high androgen on skin surface, and ensure skin surface health; the aloe vera is rich in beneficial components such as polysaccharides, anthraquinone compounds, vitamins and minerals, and the juice in the leaves of the aloe vera can play a role in contracting the skin and relieving skin sclerosis and keratosis when being applied to the skin of a human body, and simultaneously has the functions of promoting healing and repairing on the skin and preventing skin inflammation caused by scar infection; the centella asiatica extract contains asiaticoside and madecassoside as main components. The centella asiatica can be eaten as a medicinal material, can be used for damp-heat jaundice, carbuncle swelling and sore toxin, traumatic injury and the like, and when the extract is applied to the skin, the extract can tighten the connecting part of the epidermis and the dermis to soften the skin and is beneficial to solving the phenomenon of skin relaxation; meanwhile, the collagen in the dermis layer can be promoted to form, so that fibrin is regenerated, and the skin can be firmed and smooth; can also help the injured skin tissue to heal, and has the effects of relieving swelling, removing toxic substances and dispelling abscess; the sea fennel is a coastal wild plant, the extract of the sea fennel is rich in nutrients such as anisole, alpha-anisidine, methyl piperitol, anisaldehyde, vitamin C and the like, can inhibit the peroxidation of linoleic acid and the activity of tyrosinase, and can effectively whiten the skin and improve the oxidation resistance of the skin when being used on the skin of a human body; the medicinal fomes fomentarius extract is mainly extracted from a concentrated active substance of basidiomycetes-fomes fomentarius, can solve the problem of excessive secretion of skin oil when being used on human skin, and has the effects of astringing pores, moisturizing, smoothing and firming skin. According to screening, the natural plant and microorganism extract substances are combined and matched in proportion to replace the traditional chemical product for the functional components of the moisturizing cream, so that the irritation and side effects of the functional components of the chemicals on the skin can be avoided, and the beneficial effects which cannot be achieved by the common moisturizing cream such as improving the skin acne and whitening the skin can be provided. In addition, the skin conditioner also contains nicotinamide, a sodium hyaluronate cross-linked polymer, sodium hyaluronate, hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate and acetylated sodium hyaluronate; the nicotinamide can be used for preventing and treating skin defects such as pellagra and the like, the sodium hyaluronate cross-linked polymer, the sodium hyaluronate, the hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate and the acetylated sodium hyaluronate have the effects of preventing wrinkles, resisting wrinkles, beautifying, protecting health and recovering the physiological function of skin, and the repairing and moisturizing cream prepared by matching the plant and microorganism extracts can further improve the effects of repairing and improving the skin.
The repairing and moisturizing cream provided by the invention can effectively improve the skin barrier repairing force when being applied to human skin under the synergistic cooperation of the components, and simultaneously tighten the skin, shrink pores and improve the skin elasticity. The repairing and moisturizing cream is rich in natural plant and microorganism extracts, can be easily absorbed by skin when in use, can effectively avoid pore blockage, can effectively repair the problems of melanin precipitation, acne and the like of the skin by using various natural components, improves the antibacterial and antioxidant capacity of the skin, has the effects of repairing and promoting healing of the skin while maintaining the moisture of the skin, and repairs the barrier function of the skin. The repair moisturizing cream prepared by the invention has high skin applicability, and has no irritation or adverse side effect.
Preferably, the emollient comprises 0.1-8 wt% of cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, 0.1-6 wt% of isononyl isononanoate, 0.1-3 wt% of polydimethylsiloxane, 0.1-3 wt% of stearyloxypolydimethylsiloxane/polydimethylsiloxane copolymer, 0.1-3 wt% of jojoba (SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS) seed oil and 0.1-0.8 wt% of caprylhydroxamic acid, which are raw materials of the repairing and moisturizing cream. In the emollient, the wax ester molecular arrangement in jojoba seed oil is similar to that of human grease, so that pores can be easily absorbed, and the pores can be kept unobstructed; the substance is rich in beneficial components such as vitamins, minerals and collagen, and can be used for lubricating skin and supplementing nutrients required by skin cells.
Preferably, the moisturizing agent comprises 1-15 wt% of glycerin, 1-20 wt% of butanediol, 0.01-8 wt% of glyceryl polyether-26, 1-5 wt% of erythritol, 0.1-6 wt% of saccharide isomer, 0.1-3 wt% of 1, 2-pentanediol, 0.1-3 wt% of 1, 2-hexanediol and 0.01-0.5 wt% of ethylhexylglycerin.
Preferably, the adsorbent is silica accounting for 0.1-5 wt% of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream.
Preferably, the thickening agent comprises 0.1-3 wt% of acryloyl dimethyl ammonium taurate/VP copolymer and 0.1-3 wt% of hydroxyethyl acrylate/acryloyl dimethyl sodium taurate copolymer, wherein the raw material components of the repairing and moisturizing cream are in percentage by weight.
Preferably, the chelating agent comprises 0.01-0.1 wt% of EDTA-disodium and 0.1-0.8 wt% of glyceryl caprylate in the raw material components of the repair and moisturizing cream.
Preferably, the antioxidant comprises 0.1-3 wt% of tocopherol acetate and 0.1-2 wt% of p-hydroxyacetophenone based on the raw material components of the repair and moisture cream.
Preferably, the emulsifier comprises 0.1-3 wt% of cetearyl olive oleate and 0.1-3 wt% of sorbitan olive oleate.
Preferably, the pH regulator is arginine accounting for 0.1-2% of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream.
Preferably, the repair moisturizing cream comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5% glycerol, 8% butanediol, 3% glyceryl polyether-26, 3% erythritol, 2% saccharide isomerate, 1% 1, 2-pentanediol, 1% 1, 2-hexanediol, 0.1% ethylhexylglycerol, 2% silica, 1% ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate/VP copolymer, 1% hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, 0.05% EDTA-disodium, 0.3% glyceryl caprylate, 1% tocopheryl acetate, 0.5% p-hydroxyacetophenone, 1% cetostearyl ester, 1% sorbitan oliveate, 0.5% arginine, 3% cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, 2% isononyl isononanoate, 1% polydimethylsiloxane, 1% stearyloxypolydimethylsiloxane/polydimethylsiloxane copolymer, 1% jojoba seed oil, 0.3% octanoyl acid, 0.3% hydroximinoxid, allantoin, 1% hydroxyphenylpropionamide benzoic acid, 0.5% pomegranate bark extract, 8% opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 8% aloe barbadensis leaf juice, 5% fomes officinalis extract, 8% centella asiatica extract, 3% nicotinamide, 5% sodium hyaluronate mixture, 10% anise extract and the balance water.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the repair moisturizing cream, which comprises the following steps:
adding a humectant and an adsorbent into water, mixing and stirring at 80-100 ℃ for 20-30 min, sequentially adding a thickener, an emollient, a chelating agent, an antioxidant and an emulsifier, continuously stirring for 5-8 min, cooling to 40-50 ℃, adding a pH regulator and a skin conditioner, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the repairing and moisturizing cream.
The preparation method of the repair moisturizing cream provided by the invention is simple to operate and can be used for industrial mass production.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a skin conditioning composition comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-2 parts of pomegranate bark extract, 1-20 parts of opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 1-20 parts of aloe vera leaf juice, 1-15 parts of fomes officinalis extract, 1-20 parts of centella asiatica extract, 1-8 parts of nicotinamide, 0.1-12 parts of sodium hyaluronate mixture and 1-20 parts of hypecoum extract, wherein the sodium hyaluronate mixture comprises sodium hyaluronate cross-linked polymer, sodium hyaluronate, hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate and acetylated sodium hyaluronate; preferably, the skin conditioning composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 part of pomegranate bark extract, 8 parts of opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 8 parts of aloe vera leaf juice, 5 parts of fomes officinalis extract, 8 parts of centella asiatica extract, 3 parts of nicotinamide, 5 parts of sodium hyaluronate mixture and 10 parts of hypecoum vulgare extract.
Preferably, the skin conditioning composition is useful in a cosmetic including at least one of a facial mask solution, a serum, a skin care gel, a cream, and a lotion.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a repair moisturizing cream which is prepared by matching and coordinating all components, is rich in extracts of natural ingredients such as pomegranate rind, opuntia ficus-indica stems, aloe vera, fomes officinalis, centella asiatica and hypsizygus marmoreus and is used as a skin conditioner, and can effectively improve the skin barrier repair force when being applied to human skin, tighten the skin, shrink pores and improve the skin elasticity. Meanwhile, the natural components can effectively repair the problems of melanin precipitation, acne and the like of the skin, improve the antibacterial and antioxidant capacity of the skin and effectively repair the barrier function of the skin. The invention also provides a preparation method of the repair moisturizing cream, which is simple to operate and can be industrially produced in large scale. The invention also provides a skin conditioning composition and application thereof.
Detailed Description
For better illustrating the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be understood in detail, but not intended to limit the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the following examples all used commercially available raw materials, the sodium hyaluronate mixture was Hymagio-4D from Huaxi Biotechnology, Inc., 0 the pomegranate bark (PUNICA GRANATUM) Extract was selected from the pomegranate bark Extract from Shanghai Cheng Osmun Biotechnology, Inc., the stem Extract of Opuntia FICUS-INDICA (Opuntia FICUS-INDICA) was selected from the Jeju Cereus of Guangzhou Ruyu chemical engineering, Inc., the leaf juice of Aloe Barbadensis is selected from the Aloe Extract from Guangzhou Qiankyu Fine chemical, the Extract of FOMES OFFICINALIS (FOMES BAFICINALIS) was selected from the Larickel LS 8865 from New Anchem chemical trade, and the Extract of centella asiatica (CENTELLA ASIATICA) was selected from Centella Extract (HD) from Guangzhou Biotechnology, Inc, the Crithmum MARITIMUM (Crithmum MARITIMUM) extract is PHYCOL CM of Baihaobo, Inc. of Guangzhou.
Example 1
In one embodiment of the skin conditioning composition of the present invention, the skin conditioning composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 part of pomegranate bark extract, 8 parts of opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 8 parts of aloe vera leaf juice, 5 parts of fomes officinalis extract, 8 parts of centella asiatica extract, 3 parts of nicotinamide, 5 parts of sodium hyaluronate, 5 parts of hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate, 5 parts of sodium hyaluronate mixture and 10 parts of hypecoum extract; the sodium hyaluronate mixture comprises a sodium hyaluronate cross-linked polymer, sodium hyaluronate, hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate and acetylated sodium hyaluronate.
Example 2
In one embodiment of the skin conditioning composition of the present invention, the skin conditioning composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of pomegranate bark extract, 5 parts of opuntia ficus indica stem extract, 10 parts of aloe barbadensis leaf juice, 15 parts of fomes officinalis extract, 5 parts of centella asiatica extract, 8 parts of nicotinamide, 5 parts of sodium hyaluronate mixture and 20 parts of hypecoum vulgare extract; the sodium hyaluronate mixture comprises a sodium hyaluronate cross-linked polymer, sodium hyaluronate, hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate and acetylated sodium hyaluronate.
Example 3
In one embodiment of the skin conditioning composition of the present invention, the skin conditioning composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of pomegranate bark extract, 15 parts of opuntia ficus indica stem extract, 5 parts of aloe barbadensis leaf juice, 5 parts of fomes officinalis extract, 20 parts of centella asiatica extract, 2 parts of nicotinamide, 5 parts of sodium hyaluronate mixture and 5 parts of hypecoum vulgare extract; the sodium hyaluronate mixture comprises a sodium hyaluronate cross-linked polymer, sodium hyaluronate, hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate and acetylated sodium hyaluronate.
The skin conditioning composition of the above examples can be added with necessary base components as needed to prepare cosmetics such as facial mask liquid, essence, skin-care gel, cream, emulsion, and the like.
Example 4
According to one embodiment of the repair moisturizing cream, the repair moisturizing cream comprises the following components: 23.1% humectant, 2% adsorbent, 2% thickener, 8.3% emollient, 0.35% chelating agent, 1.5% antioxidant, 2% emulsifier, 0.5% pH adjuster, 48.8% skin conditioner, and balance water. The humectant comprises 5% of glycerol, 8% of butanediol, 3% of glyceryl polyether-26, 3% of erythritol, 2% of saccharide isomer, 1% of 1, 2-pentanediol, 1% of 1, 2-hexanediol and 0.1% of ethylhexyl glycerol in percentage by weight of the components of the repair and moisturizing cream; the adsorbent is silica accounting for 2 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the thickening agent comprises 1% of acryloyl dimethyl ammonium taurate/VP copolymer and 1% of hydroxyethyl acrylate/acryloyl dimethyl sodium taurate copolymer in percentage by weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the chelating agent comprises EDTA-disodium accounting for 0.05 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream and 0.3 percent of glyceryl caprylate; the antioxidant comprises 1 percent of tocopherol acetate and 0.5 percent of p-hydroxyacetophenone which account for the weight percentage of the raw material components of the repairing and moisturizing cream; the emulsifier comprises 1% of cetearyl olive oleate and 1% of sorbitan olive oleate which account for the weight percentage of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the pH regulator is arginine accounting for 0.5 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the emollient comprises 3% of cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, 2% of isononyl isononanoate, 1% of polydimethylsiloxane, 1% of stearyloxypolymethylsiloxane/polydimethylsiloxane copolymer, 1% of jojoba seed oil and 0.3% of caprylhydroxamic acid, which account for the weight percentage of the raw materials of the repairing and moisturizing cream; the skin conditioner comprises, by weight, 0.3% of allantoin, 1% of hydroxyphenylpropionamide benzoic acid, 0.5% of pomegranate bark extract, 8% of opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 8% of aloe vera leaf juice, 5% of fomes officinalis extract, 8% of centella asiatica extract, 3% of nicotinamide, 5% of a sodium hyaluronate mixture and 10% of hypecoum erectum extract.
Example 5
According to one embodiment of the repair moisturizing cream, the repair moisturizing cream comprises the following components: 23.1% humectant, 2% adsorbent, 2% thickener, 8.3% emollient, 0.35% chelating agent, 1.5% antioxidant, 2% emulsifier, 0.5% pH adjuster, 48.8% skin conditioner, and balance water. The humectant comprises 5% of glycerol, 8% of butanediol, 3% of glyceryl polyether-26, 3% of erythritol, 2% of saccharide isomer, 1% of 1, 2-pentanediol, 1% of 1, 2-hexanediol and 0.1% of ethylhexyl glycerol in percentage by weight of the components of the repair and moisturizing cream; the adsorbent is silica accounting for 2 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the thickening agent comprises 1% of acryloyl dimethyl ammonium taurate/VP copolymer and 1% of hydroxyethyl acrylate/acryloyl dimethyl sodium taurate copolymer in percentage by weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the chelating agent comprises EDTA-disodium accounting for 0.05 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream and 0.3 percent of glyceryl caprylate; the antioxidant comprises 1 percent of tocopherol acetate and 0.5 percent of p-hydroxyacetophenone which account for the weight percentage of the raw material components of the repairing and moisturizing cream; the emulsifier comprises 1% of cetearyl olive oleate and 1% of sorbitan olive oleate which account for the weight percentage of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the pH regulator is arginine accounting for 0.5 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the emollient comprises 3% of cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, 2% of isononyl isononanoate, 1% of polydimethylsiloxane, 1% of stearyloxypolymethylsiloxane/polydimethylsiloxane copolymer, 1% of jojoba seed oil and 0.3% of caprylhydroxamic acid, which account for the weight percentage of the raw materials of the repairing and moisturizing cream; the skin conditioner comprises, by weight, 0.1% of allantoin, 3% of hydroxyphenylpropionamide benzoic acid, 0.1% of pomegranate bark extract, 3% of opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 15% of aloe vera leaf juice, 2% of fomes officinalis extract, 3% of centella asiatica extract, 3% of nicotinamide, 10% of a sodium hyaluronate mixture, and 9.6% of hypecoum erectum extract.
Example 6
According to one embodiment of the repair moisturizing cream, the repair moisturizing cream comprises the following components: 23.1% humectant, 2% adsorbent, 2% thickener, 8.3% emollient, 0.35% chelating agent, 1.5% antioxidant, 2% emulsifier, 0.5% pH adjuster, 48.8% skin conditioner, and balance water. The humectant comprises 5% of glycerol, 8% of butanediol, 3% of glyceryl polyether-26, 3% of erythritol, 2% of saccharide isomer, 1% of 1, 2-pentanediol, 1% of 1, 2-hexanediol and 0.1% of ethylhexyl glycerol in percentage by weight of the components of the repair and moisturizing cream; the adsorbent is silica accounting for 2 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the thickening agent comprises 1% of acryloyl dimethyl ammonium taurate/VP copolymer and 1% of hydroxyethyl acrylate/acryloyl dimethyl sodium taurate copolymer in percentage by weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the chelating agent comprises EDTA-disodium accounting for 0.05 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream and 0.3 percent of glyceryl caprylate; the antioxidant comprises 1 percent of tocopherol acetate and 0.5 percent of p-hydroxyacetophenone which account for the weight percentage of the raw material components of the repairing and moisturizing cream; the emulsifier comprises 1% of cetearyl olive oleate and 1% of sorbitan olive oleate which account for the weight percentage of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the pH regulator is arginine accounting for 0.5 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the emollient comprises 0.1% of cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, 1% of isononyl isononanoate, 2.7% of polydimethylsiloxane, 1% of stearyloxypolymethylsiloxane/polydimethylsiloxane copolymer, 3% of jojoba oil and 0.5% of caprylhydroxamic acid which account for the weight percentage of the raw materials of the repairing and moisturizing cream; the skin conditioner comprises, by weight, 0.3% of allantoin, 1% of hydroxyphenylpropionamide benzoic acid, 0.5% of pomegranate bark extract, 8% of opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 8% of aloe vera leaf juice, 5% of fomes officinalis extract, 8% of centella asiatica extract, 3% of nicotinamide, 5% of a sodium hyaluronate mixture and 10% of hypecoum erectum extract.
Example 7
According to one embodiment of the repair moisturizing cream, the repair moisturizing cream comprises the following components: 23.1% humectant, 5% adsorbent, 2% thickener, 8.6% emollient, 0.35% chelating agent, 1.5% antioxidant, 2% emulsifier, 0.5% pH adjuster, 48.8% skin conditioner, and balance water. The humectant comprises 1% of glycerol, 1% of butanediol, 8% of glyceryl polyether-26, 5% of erythritol, 6% of saccharide isomer, 1% of 1, 2-pentanediol, 1% of 1, 2-hexanediol and 0.1% of ethylhexyl glycerol in percentage by weight of the components of the repair and moisturizing cream; the adsorbent is silica accounting for 5 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the thickening agent comprises 0.1 percent of acryloyl dimethyl ammonium taurate/VP copolymer and 1.9 percent of hydroxyethyl acrylate/acryloyl dimethyl sodium taurate copolymer in percentage by weight of the raw material components of the repairing and moisturizing cream; the chelating agent comprises EDTA-disodium accounting for 0.05 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream and 0.3 percent of glyceryl caprylate; the antioxidant comprises 1 percent of tocopherol acetate and 0.5 percent of p-hydroxyacetophenone which account for the weight percentage of the raw material components of the repairing and moisturizing cream; the emulsifier comprises 1% of cetearyl olive oleate and 1% of sorbitan olive oleate which account for the weight percentage of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the pH regulator is arginine accounting for 0.5 percent of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the emollient comprises 0.1% of cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, 1% of isononyl isononanoate, 3% of polydimethylsiloxane, 1% of stearyloxypolymethylsiloxane/polydimethylsiloxane copolymer, 3% of jojoba oil and 0.5% of caprylhydroxamic acid which account for the weight percentage of the raw materials of the repairing and moisturizing cream; the skin conditioner comprises, by weight, 0.3% of allantoin, 1% of hydroxyphenylpropionamide benzoic acid, 0.5% of pomegranate bark extract, 8% of opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 8% of aloe vera leaf juice, 5% of fomes officinalis extract, 8% of centella asiatica extract, 3% of nicotinamide, 5% of a sodium hyaluronate mixture and 10% of hypecoum erectum extract.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 4 in that the raw components of the restorative moisturizer described in the comparative example do not contain a skin conditioner.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from comparative example 4 in that the skin conditioner described in this comparative example does not contain pomegranate rind extract.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from comparative example 4 in that the skin conditioner described in this comparative example does not contain the opuntia ficus indica stem extract.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from comparative example 4 in that the skin conditioner described in this comparative example does not contain aloe vera leaf juice.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from comparative example 4 in that the skin conditioner described in this comparative example does not contain a medicinal fomes fomentarius extract.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example differs from comparative example 4 in that the skin conditioner described in this comparative example does not contain centella asiatica extract.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example differs from comparative example 4 in that the skin conditioning agent described in this comparative example does not contain a sodium hyaluronate mixture.
Comparative example 8
This comparative example differs from comparative example 4 in that the skin conditioner described in this comparative example does not contain anise extract
Example 8
In order to verify the safety of the repair moisturizing creams in the examples 4 to 7 and the comparative examples 1 to 8, sensitization test evaluation is carried out, and the test method comprises the following steps:
test population
Sex number: female 10 persons
Age: between 30 and 45 years of age
Health condition: the skin of the subject is healthy, has no allergic history of the skin disease, and meets the voluntary selection standard of the subject.
2. Test sites: normal skin on both sides of the upper back spine.
3. The testing steps are as follows:
(1) removing the protective paper of the spot tester, and sequentially placing the prepared allergens in an aluminum spot tester. The sequence of the spot test object is from top to bottom and from left to right and marked. 25uL of the product prepared in the examples 4 to 7 and the comparative examples 1 to 8 was directly put into a spot tester, and 25uL of formaldehyde was dropped on a filter paper sheet put into the spot tester.
(2) The spot tester adhesive tape added with the spot test substance is firmly and flatly pasted from bottom to top and lightly pressed by a palm to discharge air.
(3) After 48h of application, the patch tester was removed and left to stand for 30 minutes, and the results were observed.
The evaluation method comprises the following steps:
negative (-) by: the applied part has no reaction, or only the pasting part of the adhesive plaster turns red, but the center does not turn red.
(±) suspicious: itching or only faint (unclear) erythema at the test site.
(+) weak positive: erythema, infiltrates, papules, small blisters.
(++) mid-positive: scattered in the pimple and obvious in pruritus.
Strong positive (+++): red and swollen with bulla.
The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the repair moisturizers prepared in examples 4 to 7 of the invention and the moisturizer products prepared in comparative examples 1 to 8 are mild to skin, have no irritation and are safe to use.
Example 9
In order to verify the wrinkle removal and moistening of the repair moisturizer, the repair moisturizer prepared in example 4 was subjected to the following skin elasticity test:
1. test population
Sex number: female 10 persons
Age: between 30 and 45 years of age
Health condition: the skin of the subject is healthy, has no allergic history of the skin disease, and meets the voluntary selection standard of the subject.
2. The test method comprises the steps of adopting a Cotomermameter MPA580 host machine manufactured by Courage + Khazaka company (CK company, Germany) of Germany, using a probe which is a Revisometer RV600 elastic fiber tissue test probe, and carrying out five times of measurement to obtain an average value.
Test area: the forehead area 2cm above the middle of the eyebrow, the chin area 2cm below the middle of the lower lip, and the left and right cheek areas at the intersection of the nose tip and the pupil. The blank values (R2, R5, R7) of the test areas after cleaning for 30min were measured, and then the subjects were prescribed to use the above test articles on a daily basis for testing the skin elasticity index R2, R5, R7 values of the test areas after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, respectively (the negative pressure during the test was constant at 450 mbar).
3. Specification of indexes: skin elasticity indices R2, R5 and R7, the closer the indices are to 1, the better the elasticity of the skin. Wherein R2 ═ Ua/Uf; r5 ═ Ur/Ue; r7 ═ Ur/Uf; uf is the maximum skin stretch; ue is the stretching amount of the skin at 0.1s after constant negative pressure is applied to the skin, and the stretching amount of the elastic part is positioned; ur is the value of elastic part Ur, namely the value of recovery and viscoelastic part, or plastic part, of the skin after negative pressure is eliminated for 0.1 s; ua is the recovery value of the skin from the elimination of the negative pressure to the next continuous test of the skin surface plus the negative pressure.
The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Test cycle | R2 | R5 | R7 |
0 | 0.4532 | 0.4431 | 0.4286 |
1 | 0.6041 | 0.5336 | 0.4913 |
2 | 0.7582 | 0.6735 | 0.6248 |
3 | 0.8565 | 0.7763 | 0.7132 |
4 | 0.9082 | 0.8518 | 0.8088 |
From the test in table 2, it can be seen that R2, R5 and R7 have increased after the first week of using the repair moisturizing cream of example 4, and all of R2, R5 and R7 have increased obviously at week 4, and the values of R2, R5 and R7 approach to 1, so that the skin elasticity index of the subject is greatly improved. Therefore, the firming, repairing and moisturizing cream has the effects of obviously increasing the skin elasticity and removing wrinkles.
Experimental example 10
The using effects of the repairing moisturizing creams of the examples 4 to 7 and the comparative examples 1 to 8 are as follows: the effects of shrinking pores, lightening spots and removing wrinkles were evaluated, and the results are shown in table 3:
the evaluation method comprises the following steps: the use test was performed by 120, 10 professional evaluators per example. Each of the evaluators applied each sample to the face, scored according to the following scale absolute evaluation, the scores of the whole evaluators were summed up, the average value thereof was calculated, and the evaluation was performed based on the following scale judgment criteria. The sample is coated on the face of the evaluation item, a tester tries the sample 1 time per day for one week continuously, and an evaluator evaluates the sample after trying the sample for one week.
Evaluation items: shrinking pores, lightening spots and removing wrinkles.
Grade absolute rating score:
very good: 5 points of
Good: 4 is divided into
Slightly better: 3 points of
The method comprises the following steps: 2 is divided into
Slightly worse: 1 minute (1)
Difference: 0 point (min)
TABLE 3
Sample (I) | Shrinking pores | Speckle reduction | Wrinkle removing agent |
Example 4 | 5 | 4.9 | 5 |
Example 5 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.3 |
Example 6 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.4 |
Example 7 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.2 |
Comparative example 1 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
Comparative example 2 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
Comparative example 3 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
Comparative example 4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 |
Comparative example 5 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
Comparative example 6 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
Comparative example 7 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Comparative example 8 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
The method for detecting the effects of shrinking pores, lightening spots and removing wrinkles of the product in the evaluation process comprises the following steps: pores, spots, and wrinkles before and after using the samples of examples 4 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 8 were examined using a U.S. Visia skin tester. The pores reflect the expansion and flatness of sebaceous gland openings, and because the open pores have shadows, the color of the pores is darker than the normal skin color; the face reflects the dry lines, fine lines, static lines and the like of the face, and the wrinkles scanned by the Visia skin detector are drawn into a thin line.
1. Pore: reading skin deep color points by using a Visia skin detector before using a sample, detecting for 3 times, and taking an average value; the samples were used for one week and then examined using Visia, and 3 measurements were averaged.
2. And (4) speckle: reading skin spots by using a Visia skin detector before using a sample, detecting for 3 times, and taking an average value; using the sample for one week, then using Visia detection, detecting for 3 times, and taking an average value; the spots are detected by standard white light photography, which refers to spots visible to the naked eye, on the skin surface, or other pigmentation of the epidermis.
3. Wrinkling: reading thin lines of skin strips by using a Visia skin detector before using a sample, detecting for 3 times, and taking an average value; the samples were used for one week and then examined using Visia, and 3 measurements were averaged.
The results are shown in table 4, where the pore improvement rate is (number of spots before use-number of spots after use)/number of spots before use; spot improvement rate (number of spots before use-number of spots after use)/number of spots before use; wrinkle improvement rate (number of used fine lines-number of used fine lines)/number of used fine lines.
TABLE 4
Sample (I) | The pore improvement rate% | Improvement rate of spots% | The wrinkle improvement rate% |
Example 4 | 38.8 | 29.1 | 26.5 |
Example 5 | 25.4 | 23.7 | 21.1 |
Example 6 | 32.1 | 21.2 | 21.1 |
Example 7 | 32.8 | 21.5 | 21.8 |
Comparative example 1 | 15.5 | 11.7 | 12.7 |
Comparative example 2 | 14.5 | 12.8 | 11.2 |
Comparative example3 | 15.4 | 12.3 | 11.8 |
Comparative example 4 | 14.8 | 11.2 | 12.1 |
Comparative example 5 | 15.1 | 12.4 | 11.6 |
Comparative example 6 | 16.7 | 11.5 | 12.1 |
Comparative example 7 | 14.3 | 11.8 | 11.8 |
Comparative example 8 | 15.3 | 11.6 | 11.5 |
From the results in tables 3 and 4, it can be seen that the skin conditioner prepared by compounding the Crithmum MARITIMUM extract (Crithmum MARITIMUM) extract, the centella asiatica (CENTELLA ASIATICA) extract, the Opuntia FICUS-INDICA stem extract, the FOMES OFFICINALIS (FOMES OFFICINALIS) extract, the pomegranate rind (PUNICA GRANATUM) extract, the aloe vera leaf juice and the sodium hyaluronate mixture in the repair moisturizer prepared in examples 4 to 7 of the present invention has better effects and overall evaluations for improving skin pores, skin spots and skin wrinkles compared with the moisturizer prepared in comparative examples 1 to 8.
Example 11
The humidity retention test was performed for examples 4 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 8. The test method comprises the following steps: 120 volunteers with healthy skin and similar skin water content are selected as 1 group from 10 volunteers, and the same formula of repair moisturizing cream is used in each group.
After each group of volunteers cleaned with the same facial cleanser, the forehead region (A) 2cm upward from the center of the eyebrow, the chin region (A1) 2cm downward from the center of the lower lip, and the left and right cheek regions (A2) at the intersection of the tip of the nose and the pupil, the restorative moisturizer corresponding to the examples and comparative examples was used, and the moisture content was measured by a KRD1042 skin moisture tester from Bellulu, Japan, 1 hour after use. After the test is continuously used for one week, the average value of each group of measurement data is taken for comparison, and the test result is shown in table 5; the test was carried out after four weeks of use, and the average of the measured data of each group was compared, and the test results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
As can be seen from table 5, the skin conditioner prepared by compounding and matching the hypecoum MARITIMUM (CRITHMUM MARITIMUM) extract, the centella asiatica (CENTELLA ASIATICA) extract, the OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA) stem extract, the FOMES OFFICINALIS (FOMES OFFICINALIS) extract, the pomegranate rind (PUNICA GRANATUM) extract, the sodium hyaluronate mixture and the aloe barbadensis leaf juice in the repair moisturizer products prepared in examples 4-7 has more effective skin moisturizing performance improvement compared with the moisturizer products prepared in comparative examples 1-7; as can be seen from Table 6, after the repairing moisturizing cream products prepared in examples 4 to 7 are continuously used, compared with the moisturizing cream products prepared in comparative examples 1 to 7, the water content of the skin is obviously improved, which indicates that the repairing moisturizing cream products can effectively repair and improve the water-locking capacity of the skin, and have the effect of helping the skin barrier function to recover.
Example 12
The percutaneous water loss rate test was performed for examples 4 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 8. The test method comprises the following steps: 120 volunteers with healthy skin and similar skin water content are selected as 1 group from 10 volunteers, and the same formula of repair moisturizing cream is used in each group.
After each group of volunteers were cleaned with the same facial cleanser, the forehead area 2cm above the center of the eyebrow, the chin area 2cm below the center of the lower lip, and the left and right cheek areas at the intersection of the nose tip and the pupil were treated with the repair moisturizer of the corresponding examples and comparative examples, and the measured data of each group before and after four weeks of continuous use were measured respectively by a TEWL skin moisture loss tester, model TM300 of the german company, to obtain the average value of the transdermal water loss rate of each group of volunteers, and the test results are shown in table 7.
TABLE 7
Item | Before use (g/hm)2) | After use (g/hm)2) |
Example 4 | 11.86 | 9.64 |
Example 5 | 11.81 | 9.78 |
Example 6 | 11.73 | 9.83 |
Example 7 | 11.89 | 9.97 |
Comparative example 1 | 11.83 | 11.23 |
Comparative example 2 | 11.74 | 10.68 |
Comparative example 3 | 11.91 | 10.87 |
Comparative example 4 | 11.86 | 10.67 |
Comparative example 5 | 11.82 | 10.75 |
Comparative example 6 | 11.93 | 10.93 |
Comparative example 7 | 11.87 | 10.83 |
Comparative example 8 | 11.90 | 10.96 |
As can be seen from Table 7, similar to the results of example 11, the repair moisturizer products prepared in examples 4-7 can significantly reduce the transdermal water loss rate to 10g/hm2Hereinafter, the moisture content improvement effect of the moisturizing cream products prepared in comparative examples 1 to 8 is obviously insufficient, and it is shown that the repairing moisturizing cream product containing the active ingredients of the Crithmum MARITIMUM extract, the centella asiatica (CENTELLA ASIATICA) extract, the Opuntia FICUS-INDICA (Opuntia FICUS-INDICA) stem extract, the FOMES OFFICINALIS (FOMES OFFICINALIS) extract, the pomegranate rind (PUNICA GRANATUM) extract, the sodium hyaluronate mixture and the aloe barbadensis leaf juice prepared in the invention can effectively improve the moisturizing performance of the skin and repair the skin water locking function.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A skin conditioning composition is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-2 parts of pomegranate bark extract, 1-20 parts of opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 1-20 parts of aloe vera leaf juice, 1-15 parts of fomes officinalis extract, 1-20 parts of centella asiatica extract, 1-8 parts of nicotinamide, 0.1-12 parts of sodium hyaluronate mixture and 1-20 parts of hypecoum extract, wherein the sodium hyaluronate mixture comprises at least one of sodium hyaluronate cross-linked polymer, sodium hyaluronate, hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate and acetylated sodium hyaluronate; preferably, the skin conditioning composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 part of pomegranate bark extract, 8 parts of opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 8 parts of aloe vera leaf juice, 5 parts of fomes officinalis extract, 8 parts of centella asiatica extract, 3 parts of nicotinamide, 5 parts of sodium hyaluronate mixture and 10 parts of hypecoum vulgare extract.
2. A cosmetic comprising the skin conditioning composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic comprises at least one of a facial mask solution, a serum, a skin gel, a cream, and a lotion.
3. The repair moisturizing cream is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.01-70% of a humectant, 0.1-5% of an adsorbent, 0.1-8% of a thickener, 0.1-23% of an emollient, 0.01-0.8% of a chelating agent, 0.1-5% of an antioxidant, 0.1-6% of an emulsifier, 0.1-2% of a pH regulator, 0.1-90% of a skin conditioner and the balance of water; the skin conditioner comprises, by weight, 0.1-0.8% of allantoin, 0.1-3% of hydroxyphenylpropionamide benzoic acid, 0.1-2% of pomegranate bark extract, 1-20% of opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 1-20% of aloe vera leaf juice, 1-15% of fomes officinalis extract, 1-20% of centella asiatica extract, 1-8% of nicotinamide, 0.1-12% of a sodium hyaluronate mixture and 1-20% of hypecoum japonicum extract; the sodium hyaluronate mixture comprises at least one of a sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer, sodium hyaluronate, hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate, and acetylated sodium hyaluronate.
4. The repair moisturizer of claim 3, wherein the emollient comprises 0.1 to 8 weight percent of cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, 0.1 to 6 weight percent of isononyl isononanoate, 0.1 to 3 weight percent of polydimethylsiloxane, 0.1 to 3 weight percent of stearyloxymethicone/dimethicone copolymer, 0.1 to 3 weight percent of jojoba seed oil and 0.1 to 0.8 weight percent of caprylhydroxamic acid; the moisturizing agent comprises, by weight, 1-15% of glycerin, 1-20% of butanediol, 0.01-8% of glyceryl polyether-26, 1-5% of erythritol, 0.1-6% of saccharide isomers, 0.1-3% of 1, 2-pentanediol, 0.1-3% of 1, 2-hexanediol and 0.01-0.5% of ethylhexylglycerin.
5. The repair moisturizer of claim 3, wherein the thickener comprises 0.1 to 3 weight percent of acryloyl dimethyl ammonium taurate/VP copolymer and 0.1 to 3 weight percent of hydroxyethyl acrylate/acryloyl dimethyl sodium taurate copolymer based on the raw material components of the repair moisturizer.
6. The repair moisturizer of claim 3, wherein the chelating agent comprises 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent of disodium EDTA and 0.1 to 0.8 weight percent of caprylic glyceride based on the raw materials of the repair moisturizer.
7. The repair and moisturizing cream of claim 3, wherein the antioxidant comprises 0.1-3% of tocopherol acetate and 0.1-2% of p-hydroxyacetophenone by weight of the raw material components of the repair and moisturizing cream.
8. The repair moisturizer of claim 3, wherein the emulsifier comprises 0.1 to 3 percent by weight of cetearyl olive oleate and 0.1 to 3 percent by weight of sorbitan olive oleate; the adsorbent is silica accounting for 0.1-5 wt% of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream; the pH regulator is arginine accounting for 0.1-2% of the weight of the raw material components of the repair moisturizing cream.
9. The repair moisturizer of claim 3, wherein the repair moisturizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5% glycerol, 8% butanediol, 3% glyceryl polyether-26, 3% erythritol, 2% saccharide isomerate, 1% 1, 2-pentanediol, 1% 1, 2-hexanediol, 0.1% ethylhexylglycerol, 2% silica, 1% ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate/VP copolymer, 1% hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, 0.05% EDTA-disodium, 0.3% glyceryl caprylate, 1% tocopheryl acetate, 0.5% p-hydroxyacetophenone, 1% cetostearyl ester, 1% sorbitan oliveate, 0.5% arginine, 3% cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, 2% isononyl isononanoate, 1% polydimethylsiloxane, 1% stearyloxypolydimethylsiloxane/polydimethylsiloxane copolymer, 1% jojoba seed oil, 0.3% octanoyl acid, 0.3% hydroximinoxid, allantoin, 1% hydroxyphenylpropionamide benzoic acid, 0.5% pomegranate bark extract, 8% opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, 8% aloe barbadensis leaf juice, 5% fomes officinalis extract, 8% centella asiatica extract, 3% nicotinamide, 5% sodium hyaluronate mixture, 10% anise extract and the balance water.
10. The preparation method of the repair moisturizing cream as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a humectant and an adsorbent into water, mixing and stirring at 80-100 ℃ for 20-30 min, sequentially adding a thickener, an emollient, a chelating agent, an antioxidant and an emulsifier, continuously stirring for 5-8 min, cooling to 40-50 ℃, adding a pH regulator and a skin conditioner, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the repairing and moisturizing cream.
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