CN111919801A - Method for out-of-season seed production and cultivation of south-shifted apostichopus japonicus - Google Patents
Method for out-of-season seed production and cultivation of south-shifted apostichopus japonicus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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Abstract
The invention provides an anti-season seed production and cultivation method of apostichopus japonicus selenka in south China, which comprises the steps of selecting apostichopus japonicus selenka with full physique in 3-6 months of the solar calendar every year, cultivating the apostichopus japonicus selenka at a constant water temperature of 16 ℃, and feeding feed according to 3% of the mass of the apostichopus japonicus selenka; after the apostichopus japonicus is cultured for 7 months, the reproduction and curing of the apostichopus japonicus and the cultivation of the gonads are started, the temperature of the culture water body is reduced to 6 ℃, then the growth temperature curve change of the apostichopus japonicus parent stichopus japonicus under the simulated natural condition is carried out, the temperature of the culture water body is gradually increased, on one hand, the normal growth and development of the apostichopus japonicus and the gonads thereof under the reduced temperature are ensured, on the other hand, the time for the apostichopus japonicus to reach the effective accumulated temperature is ensured, and the apostic. The invention solves the parent breeding problem in the seed production process of the south-shifted apostichopus japonicus selenka, promotes the gonad development, realizes the breeding of the apostichopus japonicus selenka under the condition of complete manual control, and is suitable for the demand of common farmers on the apostichopus japonicus selenka out of season.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to an out-of-season seed production and cultivation method for south-shifted apostichopus japonicus.
Background
Sea cucumber belongs to invertebrates, echinodermata and holothurians. There are more than 900 in the world, and about 140 in our country. Wherein the seal ocean and the western Pacific ocean are the areas with the most varieties of sea cucumbers and the most resource quantity in the world. The sea cucumbers in China are distributed in a temperate zone and a tropical zone, the temperate zone is mainly in a yellow Bohai sea area, and the main economic variety is the apostichopus japonicus and is also the most known sea cucumber variety in China. Sea cucumber is distinguished as "eight delicacies" in the sea tastes of various mountain delicacies, and also has various tonifying and health preserving functions. The study of more than 40 chemical components of sea cucumber by scholars at home and abroad for about half a century shows that the sea cucumber not only contains more than 50 nutrient components needed by human body such as amino acid, vitamin and chemical element, but also contains various bioactive substances such as acidic mucopolysaccharide, saponin and collagen, and the pharmacological activity of the active substances of the sea cucumber is very wide.
In recent years, the south culture of the north stichopus japonicus is very active, the south-shift culture of the apostichopus japonicus is carried out in the Fujian province from 2003, the culture yield of the whole province in 2018 is 2.98 ten thousand tons, the total culture yield accounts for 17.11 percent of the total culture yield in China, and the method becomes one of the important production areas of the apostichopus japonicus culture in China. However, the offspring seed is always one of the main limiting factors for restricting the development of the Fujian Apostichopus japonicus industry. The problems of low gonad development rate, high early excretion rate and the like of locally cultured apostichopus japonicus parent sea in Fujian always troubles apostichopus japonicus farmers, and may be related to factors such as high water temperature of natural seawater in Fujian, poor gonad development and the like. At present, the development of the apostichopus japonicus selenka, the induced spawning of parent stichopus japonicus selenka and the seed cultivation time are all spring (3-5 months) under normal conditions, and no large-scale apostichopus japonicus selenka is produced nationwide in autumn (9-11 months).
Therefore, the method for breeding the south-shifted apostichopus japonicus in an out-of-season way is provided, mainly aims to solve the problem of parent breeding in the breeding process of the south-shifted apostichopus japonicus, promotes gonad development, realizes breeding of the apostichopus japonicus under the condition of complete manual control, and is suitable for the demand of common farmers on the apostichopus japonicus in an out-of-season way.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-season seed production and cultivation method for south-shifted apostichopus japonicus, which promotes gonad development and realizes breeding of the apostichopus japonicus.
In view of the above, the present invention provides an out-of-season seed production and cultivation method for south-shifted apostichopus japonicus, comprising: selecting apostichopus japonicus with full physique for breeding under the condition of constant water temperature of 16 ℃ in 3-6 months of the solar calendar every year, and feeding the apostichopus japonicus with feed accounting for 3% of the mass of the apostichopus japonicus; after the apostichopus japonicus is cultured for 7 months, breeding fluid is bred, the temperature of a breeding water body is reduced to 6 ℃, the breeding water body is maintained for 7 days, the water temperature is not more than 0.5 ℃ per day, the breeding water body is increased by 0.5 ℃ per day for 6-8 days continuously, the breeding water body is stably maintained for 4-5 days after the temperature is 9-10 ℃, the breeding water body is continuously increased by 0.5 ℃ per day until the water temperature reaches 12-13 ℃, the breeding water is continuously maintained, and the apostichopus japonicus is ready to be produced when the effective accumulated temperature reaches more than 800 ℃ per day.
Preferably, the feed is prepared according to the following method: mixing 30 parts by weight of gulfweed powder, 20 parts by weight of zostera marina powder, 20 parts by weight of sargassum thunbergii powder, 10 parts by weight of ulva pertusa, 8 parts by weight of defatted fish meal, 5 parts by weight of oyster shell powder, 5 parts by weight of scallop powder, 1 part by weight of vitamin complex and 1 part by weight of lecithin, stirring, adding EM (effective microorganisms) and then standing for fermentation for 3-5 days.
Preferably, the feed is fed by: mixing the sea mud according to the mass ratio of 1:4, drying or air drying, and feeding after preparing into solid forms such as sheets or cakes.
Preferably, the apostichopus japonicus selenka is larger than 200 g/head.
Preferably, the apostichopus japonicus is placed in a modular movable south-shift apostichopus japonicus seed production device.
Preferably, the apostichopus japonicus selenka is 500-head.
Preferably, the residual baits and the feces are sucked out in time 2 hours after feeding.
Preferably, the modularized movable south-shift apostichopus japonicus breeding device comprises a breeding bin 1, universal wheels 2, a water quality filtering mechanism 3, a temperature control mechanism 4, a pH value tester 5, a soft water injection mechanism 6, a dissolved oxygen detector 7, an aerator 8, a salinity detector 9, a controller and an alarm lamp; the working end of temperature control mechanism 4 is located the bottom and the inside of breeding storehouse 1 respectively, water quality filtering mechanism 3 installs on breeding storehouse 1, universal wheel 2 installs in the bottom of temperature control mechanism 4, the pH valve detector, dissolved oxygen detects the machine, salinity detector 9, oxygen-increasing machine 8, controller and alarm lamp are all installed on breeding storehouse 1, water quality filtering mechanism 3, temperature control mechanism 4, pH valve tester 5, soft water injection mechanism 6, dissolved oxygen detector 7, oxygen-increasing machine 8, salinity detector 9 and alarm lamp all are connected with the controller.
Preferably, the water filtering mechanism 3 comprises a first electromagnetic valve 3a, a second electromagnetic valve 3b, a conveying pipe 3c, a first water pump 3d and a filtering component 3e, the first electromagnetic valve 3a and the second electromagnetic valve 3b are respectively installed at a water inlet and a water outlet of the culture bin 1, two ends of the conveying pipe 3c are respectively connected with the first electromagnetic valve 3a and the second electromagnetic valve 3b, and the first water pump 3d and the filtering component 3e are both connected with the conveying pipe 3 c.
Preferably, the filter assembly 3e includes a supporting housing 3e1, a cover 3e2, an inner container 3e3, a one-way plate 3e4 and a filter plate 3e5, both ends of the supporting housing 3e1 are connected to the conveying pipe 3c, the cover 3e2 is hinged to the top of the supporting housing 3e1, the inner container 3e3 is located inside the supporting housing 3e1, and the one-way plate 3e4 and the filter plate 3e5 are respectively mounted at both ends of the inner end.
The invention provides a method for anti-season seed production and cultivation of apostichopus japonicus selenka in south China, which comprises the steps of selecting apostichopus japonicus selenka with full physique in 3-6 months of the solar calendar every year, cultivating the apostichopus japonicus selenka at a constant water temperature of 16 ℃, and feeding feed according to 3% of the mass of the apostichopus japonicus selenka; after the stichopus japonicus is cultured for 7 months, reproduction and curing of the stichopus japonicus and cultivation of the gonads are started, the temperature of the cultivation water body is gradually increased by reducing the temperature of the cultivation water body to 6 ℃ and then simulating the change of the growth temperature curve of the stichopus japonicus parent stichopus japonicus under the natural condition, so that the normal growth and development of the stichopus japonicus and the gonads thereof under the reduced temperature are ensured on one hand, and the time for the stichopus japonicus to reach the effective temperature accumulation is ensured. And (4) waiting for production when the effective accumulated temperature of the apostichopus japonicus reaches 800 ℃ for more than one day. The invention solves the parent breeding problem in the seed production process of the south-shifted apostichopus japonicus selenka, promotes the gonad development, realizes the breeding of the apostichopus japonicus selenka under the condition of complete manual control, and is suitable for the demand of common farmers on the apostichopus japonicus selenka out of season.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of the anti-season stichopus japonicus cultivation water temperature and the normal seawater temperature of the south shift stichopus japonicus according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a modular movable south-shift apostichopus japonicus seed production device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the modular movable south-shift stichopus japonicus seed production device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a top view cultivation bin of the modular movable south-shifting apostichopus japonicus seed production device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a filter assembly of a modular mobile south-shifting apparatus for producing seed of Apostichopus japonicus selenka of the present invention, a support housing and a cover;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a soft water injection mechanism of the modular movable south-shift stichopus japonicus seed production device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a universal wheel of the modular movable south-shift apostichopus japonicus seed production device of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are:
1. a culture bin;
2. a universal wheel; 2a, a wheel carrier 2b, a wheel; 2c, a wheel axle;
3. a water quality filtering mechanism; 3a, a first electromagnetic valve; 3b, a second electromagnetic valve; 3c, a conveying pipe; 3d, a first water pump; 3e, a filter assembly; 3e1, support shell; 3e2, lid; 3e3, inner container; 3e4, unidirectional sheet; 3e5, filter plate;
4. a temperature control mechanism; 4a, a temperature tester; 4b, a chassis; 4c, a condenser; 4e, heating the plate;
5. a pH value tester;
6. a soft water injection mechanism; 6a, a support frame; 6b, a water spraying head; 6c, a water storage tank; 6d, a second water pump; 6e, a water supply pipe;
7. a dissolved oxygen detector;
8. an aerator;
9. a salinity detector;
10. a controller;
11. an alarm lamp.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
The invention discloses a method for out-of-season seed production and cultivation of south-shifted apostichopus japonicus, which comprises the following steps: selecting apostichopus japonicus with full physique for breeding under the condition of constant water temperature of 16 ℃ in 3-6 months of the solar calendar every year, and feeding the apostichopus japonicus with feed accounting for 3% of the mass of the apostichopus japonicus; after the apostichopus japonicus is cultured for 7 months, breeding fluid is bred, the temperature of a breeding water body is reduced to 6 ℃, the breeding water body is maintained for 7 days, the water temperature is not more than 0.5 ℃ per day, the breeding water body is increased by 0.5 ℃ per day for 6-8 days continuously, the breeding water body is stably maintained for 4-5 days after the temperature is 9-10 ℃, the breeding water body is continuously increased by 0.5 ℃ per day until the water temperature reaches 12-13 ℃, the breeding water is continuously maintained, and the apostichopus japonicus is ready to be produced when the effective accumulated temperature reaches more than 800 ℃ per day. When the effective accumulated temperature reaches the level, the gonads of the apostichopus japonicus are basically developed and mature, and in order to effectively guarantee the development time of the apostichopus japonicus, the water temperature environment during the breeding period of the apostichopus japonicus is adjusted by adopting a programmed temperature rise method. As the biological zero degree of the apostichopus japonicus is 6 ℃, the temperature of the apostichopus japonicus is increased from 6 ℃ for breeding and curing.
The invention changes the growth temperature curve of the parent stichopus japonicus under the condition of imitating nature, gradually increases the temperature of the cultivation water body, can ensure the normal growth and development of the parent stichopus japonicus and the gonads thereof under the condition of reducing the temperature on one hand, and can ensure the time for the parent stichopus japonicus to reach the effective temperature accumulation on the other hand. If the temperature is not adjusted, under the condition of natural water temperature, the apostichopus japonicus is easy to fall asleep in summer and wither in body due to overhigh water temperature environment, and cannot grow out of season, and the effective accumulated temperature of gonad development is 800 ℃ per day, and under the condition of higher water temperature, the gonad development time is too short, so that the maturation of egg protocells is not facilitated, or the premature ejaculation and other phenomena occur due to premature maturation.
The feed is prepared according to the following method: mixing 30 parts by weight of gulfweed powder, 20 parts by weight of zostera marina powder, 20 parts by weight of sargassum thunbergii powder, 10 parts by weight of ulva pertusa, 8 parts by weight of defatted fish meal, 5 parts by weight of oyster shell powder, 5 parts by weight of scallop powder, 1 part by weight of vitamin complex and 1 part by weight of lecithin, stirring, adding EM (effective microorganisms) and then standing for fermentation for 3-5 days.
When the feed is fed, the feed: mixing the sea mud according to the mass ratio of 1:4, drying or air drying, and feeding after preparing into solid forms such as sheets or cakes.
The apostichopus japonicus adopted by the invention is preferably more than 200 g/head, and is preferably placed in a modular movable south-shift apostichopus japonicus seed production device, and the apostichopus japonicus is preferably 500 heads. Sucking out residual bait and excrement in time 2 hours after feeding.
The modularized movable south-shift apostichopus japonicus seed production device comprises a culture bin 1, universal wheels 2, a water quality filtering mechanism 3, a temperature control mechanism 4, a pH value tester 5, a soft water injection mechanism 6, a dissolved oxygen detector 7, an aerator 8, a salinity detector 9, a controller and an alarm lamp; the working end of temperature control mechanism 4 is located the bottom and the inside of breeding storehouse 1 respectively, water quality filtering mechanism 3 installs on breeding storehouse 1, universal wheel 2 installs in the bottom of temperature control mechanism 4, the pH valve detector, dissolved oxygen detects the machine, salinity detector 9, oxygen-increasing machine 8, controller and alarm lamp are all installed on breeding storehouse 1, water quality filtering mechanism 3, temperature control mechanism 4, pH valve tester 5, soft water injection mechanism 6, dissolved oxygen detector 7, oxygen-increasing machine 8, salinity detector 9 and alarm lamp all are connected with the controller.
Preferably, the water filtering mechanism 3 comprises a first electromagnetic valve 3a, a second electromagnetic valve 3b, a conveying pipe 3c, a first water pump 3d and a filtering component 3e, the first electromagnetic valve 3a and the second electromagnetic valve 3b are respectively installed at a water inlet and a water outlet of the culture bin 1, two ends of the conveying pipe 3c are respectively connected with the first electromagnetic valve 3a and the second electromagnetic valve 3b, and the first water pump 3d and the filtering component 3e are both connected with the conveying pipe 3 c.
Preferably, the filter assembly 3e includes a supporting housing 3e1, a cover 3e2, an inner container 3e3, a one-way plate 3e4 and a filter plate 3e5, both ends of the supporting housing 3e1 are connected to the conveying pipe 3c, the cover 3e2 is hinged to the top of the supporting housing 3e1, the inner container 3e3 is located inside the supporting housing 3e1, and the one-way plate 3e4 and the filter plate 3e5 are respectively mounted at both ends of the inner end.
For further understanding of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.
The raw materials adopted in the embodiment of the invention are all commercially available.
Example 1
1) Every 3 to 6 months of the solar calendar, 500 apostichopus japonicus (more than 200 g/head) with full physique, straight meat, no disease and no trauma are purchased in the harvest season of the apostichopus japonicus, and the apostichopus japonicus is placed in the modularized movable apostichopus japonicus seed production device.
2) Culturing at 16 deg.C with constant water temperature, and feeding 2 times per day at a ratio of 6:00 in the morning and 18: night: 00 every feeding is carried out once, feed is fed according to 3 percent of the body mass, and residual bait and excrement are sucked out in time 2 hours after feeding.
The feed for breeding period of the breeding hens is prepared as follows: 30kg of sargassum powder, 20kg of zostera marina powder, 20kg of sargassum thunbergii powder, 10kg of ulva pertusa, 8kg of defatted fish meal, 5kg of oyster shell powder, 5kg of scallop powder, 1kg of compound vitamin and 1kg of lecithin, and the raw materials are sequentially added, mixed, stirred and uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture, and then the mixture is subjected to standing fermentation for 3-5 days after EM (effective microorganisms) are added. When feeding, the feed: mixing the sea mud in a mass ratio of 1:4, drying or air drying, and feeding after preparing into solid forms such as sheets or cakes.
3) After the stichopus japonicus is cultured for 7 months, the reproduction and curing of the stichopus japonicus and the cultivation of the gonads are started, the temperature of the culture water body is reduced to 6 ℃ (the zero degree of the apostichopus japonicus gonad development biology), and then the curve change of the growth temperature of the apostichopus japonicus parent stichopus japonicus under the simulated natural condition is carried out, so that the temperature of the culture water body is gradually increased. As shown in fig. 1. The concrete expression is as follows: when the temperature is reduced to 6 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 7 days, and the water temperature changes by no more than 0.5 ℃ every day; raising the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day for 6-8 days continuously, and keeping the temperature for 4-5 days stably after reaching 9-10 ℃; and then continuously raising the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 12-13 ℃, and continuously maintaining the water temperature for continuous culture. When the effective accumulated temperature of the apostichopus japonicus reaches more than 800 ℃ per day, the induced spawning can be considered.
4) The tracking observation of 7-10 months shows that the anti-season culture growth condition of the south-shift apostichopus japonicus is better, the gonad development is good, the gonad index is increased to more than 15% from 0 after 3 months, the dissection and the microscopic observation show that the semen of the male apostichopus japonicus is milky white, and the sperm is active under microscopic examination; the female apostichopus japonicus ovum is yellow, is round or oval, and the average grain diameter of the yolk reaches 175.6 mu m; the male and female apostichopus japonicus completely enters a reproductive and curing stage, and subsequent induced spawning and seed breeding can be carried out at any time.
Example 2
The anti-season seed production and cultivation method for south-shift apostichopus japonicus in embodiment 1 adopts a modular movable south-shift apostichopus japonicus seed production device as shown in fig. 2 to 7, and comprises a cultivation bin 1, a universal wheel 2, a water quality filtering mechanism 3, a temperature control mechanism 4, a pH value tester 5, a soft water injection mechanism 6, a dissolved oxygen detector 7, an aerator 8, a salinity detector 9, a controller and an alarm lamp;
the temperature control mechanism 4 is installed at the bottom of the culture bin 1, the working ends of the temperature control mechanism 4 are respectively located at the bottom and inside the culture bin 1, the water quality filtering mechanism 3 is installed on the culture bin 1, the universal wheel 2 is installed at the bottom of the temperature control mechanism 4, the pH value detector, the dissolved oxygen detector, the salinity detector 9, the aerator 8, the controller and the alarm lamp are all installed on the culture bin 1, the water quality filtering mechanism 3, the temperature control mechanism 4, the pH value tester 5, the soft water injection mechanism 6, the dissolved oxygen detector 7, the aerator 8, the salinity detector 9 and the alarm lamp are all connected with the controller, and the working end of the soft water injection mechanism 6 is located at the top of the culture bin 1;
firstly, seawater is poured into a culture bin 1 by manpower, then the apostichopus japonicus is added into the culture bin 1, then the living environment of the apostichopus japonicus in the culture bin 1 can be controlled in an all-around way, and the culture bin 1 can be conveniently moved by a universal wheel 2, as the water in the traditional culture bin is still and dead water, excrement and a large amount of pollutants are inevitably generated in the culture bin in the long-time culture process, which can cause harm to the apostichopus japonicus, a controller is needed to open a water quality filtering mechanism 3 to perform twenty-four hour intermittent water quality cleaning on the water in the culture bin 1, as the apostichopus japonicus is very sensitive to temperature, the temperature growth interval in the apostichopus japonicus seed production process is 6-18 ℃, in order to better promote the gonad development of the apostichopus japonicus, the water temperature in the culture bin 1 is continuously controlled by a temperature control mechanism 4, because the optimum pH value for the growth of the apostichopus japonicus is between 7.5 and 8.5, the pH value is low, which means that the dissolved oxygen in water is low, the carbon dioxide content is high, bacteria can be bred in a large amount, if the pH value is high, toxic ammonia can be high, and the apostichopus japonicus is damaged, the water quality is detected for 24 hours by a pH value detector, when the acidity or the alkalinity of the water quality is overhigh, the pH value detector sends a signal to a controller, the controller sends a signal to a reclaimed water injection mechanism, a soft water injection mechanism 6 injects pure water into a culture bin 1 to temporarily neutralize the water quality, and meanwhile, the controller sends a signal to an alarm lamp, the alarm lamp starts to flash to indicate abnormality, the dissolved oxygen for culturing the apostichopus japonicus is a very important index, because the deviation of the apostichopus japonicus directly influences the yield of the apostichopus japonicus and determines the survival of the apostichopus japonicus, the dissolved oxygen is generally about 6, if the salinity is lower than 4, the growth of the stichopus japonicus can be greatly inhibited, and meanwhile, a large amount of harmful substances in water can be bred, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water quality can be continuously detected for 24 hours by the dissolved oxygen detector 7, when the dissolved oxygen detector 7 detects that the dissolved oxygen of the water quality is lower, a signal can be sent to the controller, the controller sends a signal to the aerator 8, the daily oxygen deficiency problem can be improved by the aerator 8, because the optimum salinity for the growth of the stichopus japonicus is 27-30, the salinity capable of living is not more than 39 and not less than 14, the change of the salinity has great influence on the stichopus japonicus, and the salinity of the water quality can be continuously detected for 24 hours by the salinity detector 9 when the salinity detector 9 finds that the salinity of the water quality is too high or too low, the signal can be sent to the controller, the controller sends a signal to the alarm lamp, and the alarm lamp begins to flash to prompt abnormal conditions.
The water quality filtering mechanism 3 comprises a first electromagnetic valve 3a, a second electromagnetic valve 3b, a conveying pipe 3c, a first water pump 3d and a filtering component 3e, the first electromagnetic valve 3a and the second electromagnetic valve 3b are respectively installed at a water inlet and a water outlet of the culture bin 1, two ends of the conveying pipe 3c are respectively connected with the first electromagnetic valve 3a and the second electromagnetic valve 3b, the first water pump 3d and the filtering component 3e are both installed on the culture bin 1, and the first water pump 3d and the filtering component 3e are both connected with the conveying pipe 3 c;
the controller opens the water quality filtering mechanism 3, the first electromagnetic valve 3a and the second electromagnetic valve 3b are both opened, the water pump starts to work, the water pump pumps water out of the culture bin 1, and the pumped water is filtered by the filtering component 3e and then is sent back to the cleaned water by the water pump.
The filter component 3e comprises a supporting shell 3e1, a cover 3e2, an inner container 3e3, a one-way plate 3e4 and a filter plate 3e5, wherein the supporting shell 3e1 is arranged on the culture cabin 1, two ends of the supporting shell 3e1 are both connected with the conveying pipe 3c, the cover 3e2 is hinged with the top of the supporting shell 3e1, the inner container 3e3 is positioned inside the supporting shell 3e1, and the one-way plate 3e4 and the filter plate 3e5 are respectively arranged at two ends of the inner end;
the delivery pipe 3c sends uncleaned water into the inner container 3e3 through the supporting shell 3e1, the water can be prevented from flowing backwards through the arrangement of the one-way plate 3e4, then the water passes through the filter plate 3e5, the filter plate 3e5 keeps dirt in the inner container 3e3, the cleaned water is continuously delivered after passing through, the cover 3e2 is used for sealing the inlet and the outlet of the supporting shell 3e1, and the inner container 3e3 can be removed after the cover 3e2 is opened for cleaning.
The temperature control mechanism 4 comprises a temperature detector, a chassis 4b, a condenser 4c and a heating plate 4e, the condenser 4c and the heating plate 4e are both arranged at the bottom of the culture bin 1 through the chassis 4b, the temperature detector is arranged on the culture bin 1, the working end of the temperature detector is positioned in the culture bin 1, and the temperature detector, the condenser 4c and the heating plate 4e are all connected with the controller;
the temperature detector carries out 24 hours incessant monitoring to the temperature of water in breeding the storehouse 1, and temperature detector sends a signal for the controller when the temperature of water is too high, and condenser 4c is opened to the controller, and condenser 4c carries out the cooling process to breeding the storehouse 1, and temperature detector sends a signal for the controller when the temperature of water is low excessively, and the controller opens heating plate 4e, and condenser 4c carries out the intensification to breeding the storehouse 1.
The soft water injection mechanism 6 comprises a support frame 6a, a sprinkler head 6b, a water storage tank 6c, a second water pump 6d and a water delivery pipe 6e, the sprinkler head 6b is arranged at the top of the culture bin 1 through the support frame 6a, the sprinkler head 6b is connected with the second water pump 6d through the water delivery pipe 6e, and the second water pump 6d is connected with the water storage tank 6 c;
the controller opens the second water pump 6d, the second water pump 6d sends the pure water in the water storage tank 6c to the sprinkler head 6b through the delivery pipe 3c, the sprinkler head 6b injects the pure water into the culture cabin 1, and the support frame 6a is used for supporting and fixing.
The universal wheel 2 comprises a wheel frame 2a, a wheel 2b and a wheel shaft 2c, the wheel 2b is arranged on the wheel frame 2a through the wheel shaft 2c, and the wheel frame 2a is arranged at four corners of the bottom of the chassis 4 b;
the wheel carrier 2a is used for supporting and fixing, the wheel shaft 2c is used for supporting the wheel shaft 2c, and the wheel 2b supports and supports the whole device and moves in a matching mode.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for out-of-season seed production and cultivation of south-shifted apostichopus japonicus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting apostichopus japonicus with full physique for breeding under the condition of constant water temperature of 16 ℃ in 3-6 months of the solar calendar every year, and feeding the apostichopus japonicus with feed accounting for 3% of the mass of the apostichopus japonicus;
after the apostichopus japonicus is cultured for 7 months, breeding fluid is bred, the temperature of a breeding water body is reduced to 6 ℃, the breeding water body is maintained for 7 days, the water temperature is not more than 0.5 ℃ per day, the breeding water body is increased by 0.5 ℃ per day for 6-8 days continuously, the breeding water body is stably maintained for 4-5 days after the temperature is 9-10 ℃, the breeding water body is continuously increased by 0.5 ℃ per day until the water temperature reaches 12-13 ℃, the breeding water is continuously maintained, and the apostichopus japonicus is ready to be produced when the effective accumulated temperature reaches more than 800 ℃ per day.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the feed is prepared as follows:
mixing 30 parts by weight of gulfweed powder, 20 parts by weight of zostera marina powder, 20 parts by weight of sargassum thunbergii powder, 10 parts by weight of ulva pertusa, 8 parts by weight of defatted fish meal, 5 parts by weight of oyster shell powder, 5 parts by weight of scallop powder, 1 part by weight of vitamin complex and 1 part by weight of lecithin, stirring, adding EM (effective microorganisms) and then standing and fermenting for 3-5 days.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the feed is fed by: mixing the sea mud according to the mass ratio of 1:4, drying or air drying, and feeding after preparing into solid forms such as sheets or cakes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the apostichopus japonicus is greater than 200 g/head.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the apostichopus japonicus is placed in a modular mobile south-shift apostichopus japonicus seed production apparatus.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the apostichopus japonicus is 500-headed.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the remnant and the feces are sucked out 2 hours after feeding.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the modular movable south-shift apostichopus japonicus breeding device comprises a breeding bin (1), universal wheels (2), a water quality filtering mechanism (3), a temperature control mechanism (4), a pH value tester (5), a soft water injection mechanism (6), a dissolved oxygen detector (7), an aerator (8), a salinity detector (9), a controller and an alarm lamp; the working end of temperature control mechanism (4) is located the bottom and the inside of breeding storehouse (1) respectively, water quality filter mechanism (3) are installed on breeding storehouse (1), universal wheel (2) are installed in the bottom of temperature control mechanism (4), the pH valve detector, dissolved oxygen detects the machine, salinity detector (9), oxygen-increasing machine (8), controller and alarm lamp are all installed on breeding storehouse (1), water quality filter mechanism (3), temperature control mechanism (4), pH valve tester (5), soft water injection mechanism (6), dissolved oxygen detector (7), oxygen-increasing machine (8), salinity detector (9) and alarm lamp all are connected with the controller.
9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the water filtering mechanism (3) comprises a first electromagnetic valve (3a), a second electromagnetic valve (3b), a conveying pipe (3c), a first water pump (3d) and a filtering component (3e), the first electromagnetic valve (3a) and the second electromagnetic valve (3b) are respectively installed at the water inlet and the water outlet of the culture bin (1), two ends of the conveying pipe (3c) are respectively connected with the first electromagnetic valve (3a) and the second electromagnetic valve (3b), and the first water pump (3d) and the filtering component (3e) are both connected with the conveying pipe (3 c).
10. A method according to claim 5, wherein the filter assembly (3e) comprises a support housing (3e1), a lid (3e2), a liner (3e3), a one-way plate (3e4) and a filter plate (3e5), both ends of the support housing (3e1) are connected to the delivery tube (3c), the lid (3e2) is hinged to the top of the support housing (3e1), the liner (3e3) is located inside the support housing (3e1), and the one-way plate (3e4) and the filter plate (3e5) are mounted to both ends of the inner end, respectively.
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