CN111919579A - Self-propelled peanut pickup combine harvester grading dust removal seedling collection device - Google Patents
Self-propelled peanut pickup combine harvester grading dust removal seedling collection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111919579A CN111919579A CN202010771953.3A CN202010771953A CN111919579A CN 111919579 A CN111919579 A CN 111919579A CN 202010771953 A CN202010771953 A CN 202010771953A CN 111919579 A CN111919579 A CN 111919579A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/08—Special sorting and cleaning mechanisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D29/00—Harvesters for peanuts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/06—Haulm-cutting mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
- B01D50/20—Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D45/00 and B01D46/00
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grading dust and seedling collecting device of a self-propelled peanut picking combined harvester, which comprises a seedling collecting box, an inertial dust removing device and a cyclone dust removing device, wherein the inertial dust removing device is arranged on the seedling collecting box; after the airflow carries broken seedlings and dust into the seedling collection box, the airflow speed is reduced, so that large-particle impurities are settled in the seedling collection box; then the airflow enters an inertial dust removal device, and particles with the particle size larger than 100 micrometers attenuate energy and settle in repeated collision; the airflow enters the cyclone dust removal device to form cyclone, and dust particles subjected to inertial dust removal are separated from the airflow under the centrifugal action; the exhaust port of the cyclone dust removal device is provided with a filter membrane dust removal and collection net for filtering out tiny dust particles. The invention carries out grading dust removal according to the types of the raised dust and the size of dust particles generated in the seedling collection process, and the dust lifted to the seedling collection box by force is subjected to gravity dust removal, inertial dust removal, cyclone dust removal and filter membrane filtration dust removal to complete multi-stage dust removal, so that the grading and refining dust removal effect of the dust is good, and the invention has the advantage of low resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a grading dust and seedling collection device of a self-propelled peanut picking combined harvester.
Background
With the rapid development of agricultural large-scale production, the mechanized development of agriculture occupies an important position. Including the mechanization of agricultural planting, harvesting, green manure and post-partum processing, and also includes the fields of agricultural animal mechanized cultivation and the like. While these agricultural productions are rapidly developing, dust pollution generated in agricultural production environments is increasing day by day.
By the end of 2018, the mechanized levels of planting, sowing and harvesting of Chinese peanuts have reached 75.56%, 50.04% and 39.72%. With the adjustment of the planting industrial structure in China, the peanut planting area is greatly increased, the large-scale production development is increasingly remarkable, and the large-area peanut mechanized harvesting is very important. Meanwhile, the original full-feeding peanut picking combined harvester directly discharges the production waste gas/flying dust outside the harvester and in the field atmosphere in the harvesting process, and the waste gas/flying dust directly becomes a main factor for damaging the air quality and harming the health of agricultural operation people. In the season of peanut harvesting, the climate is usually dry, and a large amount of dust generated by the peanut picking combined harvester can be suspended in the air and can not be scattered for a long time.
Agricultural mechanized operation dust is solid particles that are generated during agricultural production and float in the air of the agricultural production environment for a long time. The harm of dust to human body is manifold, the most prominent harm is shown in the influence on respiratory system, and secondly, the dust can influence human health through eyes and skin. The hazards to the operator are also very different based on the nature of the dust and the chemical composition. Free silica dust is a high risk dust and large inhalations can lead to respiratory diseases characterized by extensive nodular fibrosis of the lungs. Organic dust has been reported to account for over 65% of the crop harvest stage, with free silica dust accounting for about 5% to 15%.
In recent years, the requirement and the examination force of governments at all levels on the environmental protection of agricultural harvesters are increasing year by year. A great deal of dust discharged in the seedling collection process of pneumatically lifting after the seedlings are crushed by the full-feeding peanut picking combined harvester pollutes the environment and threatens the human health. The full-feeding peanut harvesting belongs to two-section type harvesting, and is completed by a series of processes of picking up, conveying, picking up, cleaning, collecting, crushing, collecting seedlings and the like of seedlings and fruits which are dug and aired in a field by an excavator. Wherein, during the harvest, the peanut seedlings are mostly dry seedlings, and the peanut seedlings are collected to be used as feed, the peanut seedlings are needed to be crushed and are conveyed to a seedling collecting box by a pneumatic lifting device. Meanwhile, the peanut seedlings and the crushed seedlings are blown by the pneumatic lifting device to generate a large amount of dust emission. The original peanut mechanical harvesting does not consider and designs a dust fall mechanism or reduces the spread of raised dust through the direction of an air outlet of a seedling collection box. In particular, the products of the prior art mainly have the following disadvantages:
1. the whole-feeding peanut picking combined harvester directly discharges the production waste gas/flying dust outside the harvester and in the field atmosphere in the harvesting process, and the production waste gas/flying dust directly also becomes a main factor for damaging the air quality and harming the health of agricultural operation crowds.
2. The original peanut mechanized harvesting does not consider and designs a dust fall mechanism or reduces the spread of raised dust through the direction of an air outlet of a seedling collection box. The air outlet of the seedling collecting box is upward, the raise dust is blown upwards through the air flow of the pneumatic lifting device, the raise dust discharge height is large, and the raise dust diffusion pollution is increased. And lead to the gas vent to side or below, reduce the emission height of raise dust, can suitably reduce the raise dust diffusion, but the air current still can blow the dust on field earth's surface, causes the secondary raise dust, can not effectual reduction operation raise dust.
3. The spraying type dust settling method utilized in the traditional coal mining industry is applied to the feeding peanut picking combined harvester to reduce the production raise dust in the harvesting process, a water tank and a spraying device need to be additionally arranged, and the production cost and the balance weight of the whole machine are increased; the water tank needs to be replenished with water in time in the using process, so that the working hours are increased, and the working efficiency is reduced. In addition, the groundnut stem is pulverized to serve as the feed, the moisture content of the feed is increased by a spray type dust falling method, the groundnut stem is easy to rot and deteriorate, and the storage period is shortened.
4. Most of the existing peanut mechanized harvesters remove dust in a single-stage mode, and the dust is not sequentially treated according to dust particles in the treatment mode, so that the dust removal mode is low in efficiency; particularly, in the case of a filter type dust removal device, if all the dust is treated by the filter type device, the filter material is rapidly blocked by large-particle dust, so that the filter material needs to be frequently replaced.
5. The original peanut mechanized harvester is improved in the aspect of dust fall, the structure is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, and the cost of the peanut mechanized harvester is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grading dust removal and seedling collection device of a self-propelled peanut picking combined harvester, which sequentially separates impurities in airflow from heavy to light by adopting a multi-stage separation device and achieves the purpose of reducing dust emission.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the grading dust and seedling collecting device of the self-propelled peanut picking combined harvester is characterized by comprising a seedling collecting box, an inertial dust removing device and a cyclone dust removing device, wherein:
a broken seedling inlet is formed in the top of the side wall of the seedling collecting box and connected with a pneumatic conveying pipeline; the airflow speed of the airflow from the pneumatic conveying pipeline is reduced after the airflow entrains the broken seedlings and the dust particles to enter the seedling collecting box, so that the broken seedlings and part of the dust particles are settled in the seedling collecting box; the top of the seedling collecting box is provided with an exhaust port;
the inlet of the inertial dust removal device is connected with the exhaust port of the seedling collection box; the shell of the inertial dust removal device is enclosed to form a flow guide channel extending along the horizontal direction; a plurality of strip-shaped inertial dust removal baffles which extend along the horizontal direction are arranged in the flow guide channel; the extension direction of the inertial dust removal baffle is vertical to the axis of the flow guide channel, and the windward side is inclined downwards, so that dust in the airflow collides with the inertial dust removal baffle to decelerate and settle downwards; a plurality of inertial dust collection tanks are arranged at the bottom of the flow guide channel and used for collecting downward settled dust; the bottom of the inertial dust removal collecting tank is provided with a dust outlet communicated with the seedling collecting box;
the cyclone dust removal device comprises an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder which are coaxial and are vertically arranged; the upper part of the outer cylinder body is cylindrical, the lower part of the outer cylinder body gradually shrinks to form a conical structure, a dust separation outlet is formed at the bottom end of the outer cylinder body, and a dust collection box is connected below the dust separation outlet; the inner cylinder body is cylindrical and is arranged inside the outer cylinder body, the top end of the inner cylinder body penetrates through the top plate of the outer cylinder body to form an exhaust port, and the bottom end of the inner cylinder body extends to the middle of the conical structure of the outer cylinder body and is provided with an air inlet; the exhaust port is provided with a detachable filter membrane dust removal and collection net;
an outlet of the inertial dust removal device is tangentially connected with the side surface of the top of the outer cylinder body along the horizontal direction; the outer wall of the inner cylinder body is provided with spiral downward flow deflectors in a surrounding manner; the inertial dust removal device is used for inputting air flow mixed with dust into an annular channel between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and forming spiral downward air flow in the annular channel under the action of the flow deflectors, so that the dust carried in the air flow moves to the rear of the outer cylinder, is discharged into the dust collection box from a dust separation outlet at the bottom end of the outer cylinder, and the residual air flow enters an air inlet at the bottom end of the inner cylinder and is discharged to the outside after being filtered by the filter membrane dust removal and collection net from an air outlet at the top end of the inner cylinder.
The invention has the further improvement that a plurality of inertial dust removing baffles in the inertial dust removing device are divided into a plurality of rows, and each row of inertial dust removing baffles are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the flow guide channel; the inertial dust removal baffles in each row are distributed in a staggered mode.
A further development of the invention is that the cross-sectional area of the dust collection bin is larger than the area of the dust separation outlet.
The invention is further improved in that the top end of the inner cylinder body is bent towards the horizontal direction, so that the exhaust port faces towards the horizontal direction.
The invention is further improved in that the filter membrane dust removal and collection net is arranged on the exhaust port through a detachable frame.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the multi-stage dust removal is completed by carrying out grading dust removal according to the types of raised dust and the sizes of dust particles generated in the seedling collection process of the full-feeding peanut picking combined harvester, carrying out gravity dust removal, inertial dust removal, cyclone dust removal and filter membrane filtration dust removal on the dust lifted to the seedling collection box pneumatically, and grading and refining the dust to achieve a good dust removal effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a grading dust-removing seedling-collecting device of a self-propelled peanut picking combine harvester;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a grading dust-removing seedling-collecting device of the self-propelled peanut picking combine harvester;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the inertial dust removal device and the cyclone dust removal device.
Wherein the reference numerals are: the device comprises a seedling collecting box 1, a pneumatic conveying pipeline 11, an inertial dust removal device 2, a flow guide channel 21, an inertial dust removal baffle 22, an inertial dust removal collecting tank 23, a dust outlet 24, a cyclone dust removal device 3, an outer cylinder 31, an inner cylinder 32, a dust separation outlet 33, a dust collecting box 34, an exhaust port 35, a filter membrane dust removal and collection net 36, a flow guide sheet 37, an air inlet 38 and a frame 39
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the self-propelled peanut picking-up combine harvester grading dust and seedling collecting device of the embodiment includes a seedling collecting box 1, an inertial dust removing device 2 and a cyclone dust removing device 3, wherein:
as shown in figures 1 and 2, the top of the side wall of the seedling collecting box 1 is provided with a crushed seedling inlet which is connected with a pneumatic conveying pipeline 11. The pneumatic conveying pipeline 11 is connected with the seedling crushing device. The peanut vine is crushed by the seedling crushing device and then is conveyed to the pneumatic conveying pipeline 11 through the fan. After the air flow from the pneumatic conveying pipeline 11 carries broken seedlings and dust particles into the seedling collecting box 1, the air flow speed is slowed down due to the large space inside the seedling collecting box 1, and then the broken seedlings and part of the dust particles with large weight are settled in the seedling collecting box 1 under the action of gravity.
The top of the seedling collecting box 1 is provided with an air outlet for exhausting air flow. Only residual dust particles in the air flow discharged from the seedling collecting box 1 are settled through the seedling collecting box 1. The inlet of the inertial dust collector 2 is connected with the exhaust port at the top of the seedling collecting box 1. The shell of the inertial dust removal device 2 is enclosed to form a flow guide channel 21 extending along the horizontal direction; in this embodiment, the cross section of the flow guide passage 21 is rectangular.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in order to further remove the residual dust particles in the air flow, a plurality of inertial dust-removing baffles 22 extending in the horizontal direction and having a strip shape are arranged in the flow guide channel 21. The extending direction of the inertial dust-removing baffle 22 is perpendicular to the axis of the flow guide channel 21, and the windward surface is inclined downwards, so that when the airflow flows through the inertial dust-removing baffle 22, dust in the airflow collides with the inertial dust-removing baffle to decelerate and settle downwards. The bottom of the diversion channel 21 is provided with a plurality of inertial dust collection grooves 23, the inertial dust collection grooves 23 are used for collecting downward settled dust, the bottom of the inertial dust collection grooves 23 is provided with a dust outlet 24 communicated with the seedling collection box 1, and the dust deposited in the inertial dust collection grooves 23 enters the seedling collection box 1 through the dust outlet 24.
In this embodiment, a plurality of inertial dust-removing baffles 22 in the inertial dust-removing device 2 are divided into three rows, and each row of inertial dust-removing baffles 22 is distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the flow guide channel 21. Three rows of inertial dust extraction baffles 22 are staggered. This arrangement not only provides low drag, but also allows the dust in the air stream to collide with the inertial dust extraction baffle 22 multiple times, slowing down sufficiently for the dust particles to settle. At this stage, dust having a particle size of more than 100 μm can be sufficiently settled.
In this embodiment, the cyclone dust removing device 3 includes an outer cylinder 31 and an inner cylinder 32 which are coaxially and vertically disposed. The upper part of the outer cylinder 31 is cylindrical, the lower part thereof gradually shrinks to form a conical structure, and a dust separation outlet 33 is formed at the bottom end. The above structure makes the longitudinal section of the conical structure at the bottom of the outer cylinder 31 trapezoidal.
A dust collection box 34 is connected below the dust separation outlet 33, and the dust collection box 34 is of a detachable structure. The inner cylinder 32 is cylindrical and disposed inside the outer cylinder 31, and has a top end penetrating through a top plate of the outer cylinder 31 to form an exhaust port 35 and a bottom end extending to a middle of the conical structure of the outer cylinder 31 and provided with an intake port 38. The exhaust port 35 is provided with a detachable filter dust collecting net 36.
The outlet of the inertial dust collector 2 is tangentially connected with the top side surface of the outer cylinder 31 along the horizontal direction. The outer wall of the inner cylinder 32 is provided with a spiral downward deflector 37. The inertial dust collector 2 is used for inputting the airflow mixed with the dust into the annular channel between the outer cylinder 31 and the inner cylinder 32, and forming a spiral downward airflow in the annular channel under the action of the deflector 37, so that when the dust entrained in the airflow moves to the conical structure of the outer cylinder 31, the dust is discharged into the dust collection box 34 from the dust separation outlet 33 at the bottom end of the outer cylinder 31, and the residual airflow moves upward to enter the air inlet 38 at the bottom end of the inner cylinder 32, and is discharged to the outside after being filtered by the filter membrane dust collection net 36 from the air outlet 35 at the top end of the inner cylinder 32.
Different from the cyclone separation device for separating homogeneous powder in the prior art, the inner cylinder 32 is arranged on the inner side of the outer cylinder 31 in the embodiment, the flow deflector 37 is arranged on the outer side of the inner cylinder 32, and the spiral airflow is limited and guided in the annular area, so that the spiral airflow is more stable and can flow according to a preset path, and the dust particles to be separated in the embodiment have a better separation effect.
The cyclone dust removing device 3 separates the air flow and the dust particles by adopting the principle of centrifugal separation. Dust having a particle size of 10-100 microns can be separated in the gas stream at this stage. In order to facilitate the deposition of dust in the dust collecting container 34, the dust collecting container 34 in this embodiment has a cross-sectional area larger than the area of the dust separating outlet 33, and this structure can reduce the air flow velocity in the dust collecting container 34 to facilitate the dust deposition while preventing the dust inside thereof from being blown up again.
A small number of dust particles, typically of small size, remain in the air stream in the inner cylinder 32, forming an aerosol structure in the air which is difficult to separate. In order to separate these particles, in this embodiment, a filter dust collecting net 36 is disposed on the exhaust port 35 of the inner cylinder 32, the filter dust collecting net 36 can filter particles with a particle size larger than PM2.5 in the air flow, and the filtered air meets a higher emission standard.
In this embodiment, the filter dust collecting net 36 is mounted on the exhaust port 35 via a detachable frame 39. Adopts a detachable structure, which is convenient for users to replace the filter membrane dust removal and collection net 36. In this embodiment, through multistage dust removal, most dust has been got rid of when arriving filter membrane dust removal dust-collecting net 36, therefore filter membrane dust removal dust-collecting net 36's filtration load is less, has prolonged filter membrane dust removal dust-collecting net 36's live time, and the user need not change filter membrane dust removal dust-collecting net 36 frequently, has indirectly improved self-propelled peanut and has picked up the utilization ratio of combine.
The top end of the inner cylinder 32 is bent horizontally so that the exhaust port 35 faces horizontally. This orientation causes the airflow exiting the exhaust port 35 to also flow in a horizontal direction, and the remaining dust particles of the airflow are more likely to settle. The exhaust port 35 is provided with a filter membrane dust removal and collection net 36, which can reduce the speed of the exhaust air flow and avoid the air flow from blowing up the dust on the ground surface.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a self-propelled peanut pickup combine harvester removes dust in grades and collects seedling device which characterized in that, including collection seedling case (1), inertia dust collector (2) and cyclone dust collector (3), wherein:
a broken seedling inlet is formed in the top of the side wall of the seedling collecting box (1), and the broken seedling inlet is connected with a pneumatic conveying pipeline (11); the airflow speed of the airflow from the pneumatic conveying pipeline (11) is reduced after the crushed seedlings and the dust particles enter the seedling collecting box (1), so that the crushed seedlings and part of the dust particles are settled in the seedling collecting box (1); the top of the seedling collecting box (1) is provided with an exhaust port;
the inlet of the inertial dust removal device (2) is connected with the exhaust port of the seedling collection box (1); a shell of the inertial dust removal device (2) is enclosed to form a flow guide channel (21) extending along the horizontal direction; a plurality of strip-shaped inertial dust-removing baffles (22) extending along the horizontal direction are arranged in the flow guide channel (21); the extension direction of the inertial dust removal baffle (22) is vertical to the axis of the flow guide channel (21), and the windward surface is inclined downwards, so that dust in the airflow collides with the inertial dust removal baffle to decelerate and settle downwards; a plurality of inertial dust collection tanks (23) are arranged at the bottom of the flow guide channel (21), and the inertial dust collection tanks (23) are used for collecting downward settled dust; a dust outlet (24) communicated with the seedling collecting box (1) is formed in the bottom of the inertial dust removal collecting tank (23);
the cyclone dust removal device (3) comprises an outer cylinder (31) and an inner cylinder (32) which are coaxial and are vertically arranged; the upper part of the outer cylinder body (31) is cylindrical, the lower part of the outer cylinder body gradually shrinks to form a conical structure, a dust separation outlet (33) is formed at the bottom end, and a dust collection box (34) is connected below the dust separation outlet (33); the inner cylinder (32) is cylindrical and is arranged inside the outer cylinder (31), the top end of the inner cylinder penetrates through the top plate of the outer cylinder (31) to form an exhaust port (35), the bottom end of the inner cylinder extends to the middle of the conical structure of the outer cylinder (31), and an air inlet (38) is formed; the exhaust port (35) is provided with a detachable filter membrane dust removal and collection net (36);
an outlet of the inertial dust removal device (2) is tangentially connected with the side surface of the top of the outer cylinder (31) along the horizontal direction; the outer wall of the inner cylinder body (32) is provided with spiral downward guide vanes (37) in a surrounding manner; the inertial dust removal device (2) is used for inputting the airflow mixed with dust into an annular channel between the outer cylinder (31) and the inner cylinder (32), and forming a spiral downward airflow in the annular channel under the action of the flow deflector (37), so that when the dust carried in the airflow moves to the conical structure of the outer cylinder (31), the dust is discharged into the dust collection box (34) from a dust separation outlet (33) at the bottom end of the outer cylinder (31), and the residual airflow enters an air inlet (38) at the bottom end of the inner cylinder (32), is filtered by the filter membrane dust removal and collection net (36) from an air outlet (35) at the top end of the inner cylinder (32), and is discharged to the outside.
2. The grading dust and seedling collecting device of the self-propelled peanut picking combined harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of inertial dust-removing baffles (22) in the inertial dust-removing device (2) are divided into a plurality of rows, and each row of inertial dust-removing baffles (22) are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the flow guide channel (21); the inertial dust removal baffles (22) of each row are distributed in a staggered manner.
3. The grading, dust removing and seedling collecting device of the self-propelled peanut picking combined harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the dust collecting box (34) is larger than the area of the dust separating outlet (33).
4. The grading, dust-removing and seedling-collecting device of the self-propelled peanut picking combined harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top end of the inner cylinder (32) is bent to the horizontal direction, so that the air outlet (35) faces the horizontal direction.
5. The staged dust and seedling collecting device of the self-propelled peanut picking combined harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filter membrane dust collecting net (36) is mounted on the air outlet (35) through a detachable frame (39).
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Cited By (2)
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CN112042362A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-12-08 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Self-propelled peanut pickup combine harvester grading dust removal seedling collection device |
CN113853922A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2021-12-31 | 河南农业大学 | Dust fall formula peanut pickup harvester |
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CN113853922A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2021-12-31 | 河南农业大学 | Dust fall formula peanut pickup harvester |
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