CN111909221B - 一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化材料技术领域,具体涉及一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在催化方面,1,3-氧杂硫杂环戊烷-2-亚氨基衍生物的生态可持续合成在学术和工业上都非常有吸引力,因为它们是有机合成中非常有价值的中间体,并已被用作开发抗癌药物的核心结构。在已报道的文献中,通过可见光-光氧化还原催化苯乙烯的双官能化是一种有效的策略,即利用了最便宜的可见光又可以利用空气中的氧气来原位形成游离态自由基作为氧化剂促进催化循环。
荧光素,2',7'-二氯荧光素等是一种廉价的具有可见光吸收的环保型有机染料,已被广泛用作对环境无害的光敏催化剂。但是,这种染料的均相使用导致其快速的载体重组/失活,以及在光催化反应中的低稳定性(自降解和光漂白)。由金属离子和有机连接体通过配位自组装所形成的金属-有机框架材料(MOFs),因其具有独特的性质,如大的比表面积,高的孔隙率,结构可调性等特点,在光催化领域得到广泛的应用。但是,目前研究的MOFs材料要真正应用到高效的可见光催化苯乙烯的双官能化反应,科研工作者还需解决如下问题:(1)大多数受MOFs可见光利用率差,合成成本高;(2)在可见光光谱区域中具有光催化活性的MOF仍然相对罕见,循环稳定性不高。
因此,开发一种价格便宜、环境友好、具有高效可循环的可见光光催化性能的MOFs至关重要。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料及其制备方法和应用,该材料价格便宜,环境友好,可见光响应强,其制备工艺简单,可大规模生产。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料,所述材料的分子式为C30H17Cl2N2O5.5Co0.5,晶系为单斜,空间群为C2/c,晶胞参数为:a=23.022(3)α=90.00°,β=104.889(2)°,γ=90.00°,单胞中分子个数为8;所述材料的化学通式为Co0.5(DCF)(bpy)(H2O)0.5,其中,DCF为2',7'-二氯荧光素,bpy为4,4'-联吡啶,DCF和bpy的结构式分别为:
一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)按照摩尔比(1~1.2):(2.0~2.3):(2.4~2.6)分别称取2',7'-二氯荧光素、4,4'-联吡啶和钴的可溶性盐,并置于玻璃样品瓶中,加入甲醇和水体积比为1:1的混合溶剂,并搅拌均匀;
步骤2)将玻璃样品瓶置于水热合成反应釜中,在75℃~85℃条件下恒温反应23~27h;
步骤3)待反应结束后,冷却得到红色块状晶体,再依次经过过滤、洗涤、干燥处理,即制得所述可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料。
优选地,所述2',7'-二氯荧光素、4,4'-联吡啶和钴的可溶性盐的摩尔比为1:2:2.6。
优选地,所述钴的可溶性盐为六水合硝酸钴。
优选地,步骤3)所述干燥处理的温度为85℃~100℃,时间为5~9h。
一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料在制备1,3-氧杂硫杂环戊烷-2-亚氨基中的应用。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明采用价格便宜、环境友好型的染料2',7'-二氯荧光素(DCF)作为光吸收单元和有机连接体,4,4'-联吡啶(bpy)作为次配体,与钴离子通过一步水热反应,获得具有三维网络结构的金属-有机框架材料Co-DCFB。该材料的固体紫外-可见吸收光谱表现出在340~550nm范围内的宽吸收带,表明该材料在可见光范围内有响应,为实现提高可见光的利用率和光催化剂的高效性提供前提;且Co-DCFB框架中均匀分布的2',7'-二氯荧光素单元以及合适的孔道使其在利用空气中的氧气和可见光作为绿色资源来催化苯乙烯和NH4SCN合成1,3-氧杂硫杂环戊烷-2-亚氨基的反应中具有非常高的效率。详细的研究表明其高效的催化性能可归因于光催化剂Co-DCFB与NH4SCN之间的相互作用促进了有效的光诱导电子转移过程,从而进一步提高了催化效率。
2、本发明使用的起始原料2',7'-二氯荧光素(DCF)和4,4'-联吡啶(bpy)价格低廉、环境友好,可通过一步水热反应合成出目标材料;成本低,易于大规模制备。本发明提供的材料对可见光具有较好的响应,催化效率高,循环稳定性好,可实现克级量反应。本发明的制备方法为制备1,3-氧杂硫杂环戊烷-2-亚氨基开辟了一种替代现有方法的优越方法,并且由于其反应条件温和且催化剂具有良好的循环利用性能而具有优良的应用潜力。
附图说明
图1为Co-DCFB的三维堆积结构图;
图2为Co-DCFB的晶体结构图;
图3为Co-DCFB的紫外-可见吸收光谱;
图4为逐次滴加0.02M的NH4SCN水溶液,Co-DCFB的荧光强度图;图4中,随着箭头方向,NH4SCN的含量逐渐增加;
图5为Co-DCFB吸附NH4SCN的红外光谱图;
图6为Co-DCFB催化剂催化实验循环利用图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)称取8.2mg 2',7'-二氯荧光素(DCF),6.3mg 4,4'-联吡啶(bpy)和15mg Co(NO3)2·6H2O,置于10mL的玻璃样品瓶中,加入4mL水和甲醇(体积比为1:1)的混合溶剂,并搅拌均匀。
其中,2',7'-二氯荧光素(DCF)和4,4'-联吡啶(bpy)的结构式分别如下:
(2)将玻璃样品瓶置于水热合成反应釜里,再将水热合成反应釜放置于电热鼓风干燥箱中,恒温80℃,反应24h。
(3)待反应结束后,冷却得到红色块状晶体,过滤、洗涤、100℃干燥6h,即制得所述可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料,记为Co-DCFB晶体,其分子式为C30H17Cl2N2O5.5Co0.5,其化学通式为Co0.5(DCF)(bpy)(H2O)0.5。
上述Co-DCFB晶体的元素分析结果,测定值(%)为:C 60.72,H 2.86,N 4.69。分子式C30H17Cl2N2O5.5Co0.5的理论值(%)为:C 60.67,H 2.89,N 4.72。
上述Co-DCFB晶体经测定其晶体学数据如下表1所示。
表1 Co-DCFB的晶体学数据表
其三维堆积结构如图1所示,其晶体结构如图2所示,从图2中可以看出2',7'-二氯荧光素单元均匀分布,具有较大的孔道,为开展其可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应研究奠定基础。
实施例2 Co-DCFB的固体紫外-可见吸收光谱测试
称取10mg实施例1中的材料Co-DCFB装样,进行固体紫外的测试。测试结果如图3所示,可以看出,Cd-EY在340~550nm范围内的宽吸收带,表明该材料在可见光范围内有响应,为实现提高可见光的利用率和光催化剂的高效性提供前提。
实施例3 Co-DCFB对苯乙烯双官能化反应的催化性能测试
向含有苯乙烯(1.0mmol)和NH4SCN(1.2mmol)的3mL乙腈溶液中加入光催化剂Co-DCFB(2.5μmol),并用2.50W的绿色LED灯(λ=535nm)照射,具体反应式如下:
将所得的混合物在室温下搅拌反应6h,通过TLC监测反应,通过1H-NMR分析确定产率。测试结果见表2,可以看出该催化剂无论是吸电子基烯烃类底物还是供电子基烯烃类底物都具有良好的催化效率。
表2测试结果
实施例4 Co-DCFB对NH4SCN的荧光滴定测试
称取实施例1中的材料Co-DCFB,配制成0.1mM的水的标准悬浊液,取3mL上述悬浊液于石英比色皿中,再向其中逐次滴加0.02M的NH4SCN水溶液,直到荧光强度不再发生变化为止,总计加入[Co(bpy)3]Cl2浓度为1.4μM,激发波长为490nm,记录其在550nm的荧光发射峰。结果如图4所示,可以看出随着NH4SCN量的增加,Co-DCFB的荧光发生显著的淬灭,表明可以有效地发生光诱导电子从Co-DCFB激发态向NH4SCN的传递。
实施例5 Co-DCFB对NH4SCN的红外吸附测试
称取5mg实施例1中的材料Co-DCFB,分散在6μM的NH4SCN乙腈溶液中一天,将过滤的固体用乙腈溶液洗涤数次。滤饼进行红外光谱(IR)测试,结果如图5所示,可以看出形成主客体作用化合物以后,归属于NH4SCN上C=N的伸缩振动峰发生了明显的红移,相对于自由的NH4SCN在2037cm-1处的峰移至2007cm-1,表明存在有效的NH4SCN和材料Co-DCFB之间的相互作用。
实施例6 Co-DCFB对苯乙烯双官能化反应催化性能的循环利用测试
将实施例3完成一次苯乙烯和NH4SCN催化反应后的Co-DCFB过滤,用乙腈洗涤三次,常温真空干燥;然后以其为催化剂,进行第二次催化实验,按照同样的处理方法再过滤和用乙腈洗涤三次、干燥,依次进行第三、四和五次实验,五次实验的催化结果如图6所示,可以看出五次催化的产率分别为100%、99%、98%、96%和96%,产率几乎没有降低,表明材料具有良好的催化剂稳定性,能循环利用至少五次。
Claims (6)
2.权利要求1所述的一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)按照摩尔比(1~1.2):(2.0~2.3):(2.4~2.6)分别称取2',7'-二氯荧光素、4,4'-联吡啶和钴的可溶性盐,并置于玻璃样品瓶中,加入甲醇和水体积比为1:1的混合溶剂,并搅拌均匀;
步骤2)将玻璃样品瓶置于水热合成反应釜中,在75℃~85℃条件下恒温反应23~27h;
步骤3)待反应结束后,冷却得到红色块状晶体,再依次经过过滤、洗涤、干燥处理,即制得所述可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述2',7'-二氯荧光素、4,4'-联吡啶和钴的可溶性盐的摩尔比为1:2:2.6。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钴的可溶性盐为六水合硝酸钴。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)所述干燥处理的温度为85℃~100℃,时间为5~9h。
6.权利要求1所述的一种可见光催化苯乙烯双官能化反应的金属-有机框架材料在制备1,3-氧杂硫杂环戊烷-2-亚氨基中的应用。
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