CN111909038A - 一种苯二胺的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种苯二胺的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111909038A CN111909038A CN202010842394.0A CN202010842394A CN111909038A CN 111909038 A CN111909038 A CN 111909038A CN 202010842394 A CN202010842394 A CN 202010842394A CN 111909038 A CN111909038 A CN 111909038A
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- phenylenediamine
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- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- -1 Schiff base metal complex Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002262 Schiff base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005915 ammonolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007098 aminolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical group COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004753 Schiff bases Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZPQOPVIELGIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 ZPQOPVIELGIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 6
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100463133 Caenorhabditis elegans pdl-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMAQZIILEGKYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 KMAQZIILEGKYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWAYEPXDGHYGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobenzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 KWAYEPXDGHYGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFPHTEQTJZKQAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 AFPHTEQTJZKQAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018965 MCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- JSRLURSZEMLAFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 JSRLURSZEMLAFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWJPEBQEEAHIGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dibromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 SWJPEBQEEAHIGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFJKASVFAWFUNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 GFJKASVFAWFUNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FECNOIODIVNEKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-aminobenzoyl)amino]benzoic acid Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O FECNOIODIVNEKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJCVRTZCHMZPBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 XJCVRTZCHMZPBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGNSMKDDFAUGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethyl-2-phenyl-5h-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound CC1(C)COC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 UGNSMKDDFAUGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100328886 Caenorhabditis elegans col-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017279 Ni0.8Co0.2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004700 cobalt complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZBYYWKJVSFHYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ZBYYWKJVSFHYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
- C07C209/06—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms
- C07C209/10—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms with formation of amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings or from amines having nitrogen atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
- B01J31/2243—At least one oxygen and one nitrogen atom present as complexing atoms in an at least bidentate or bridging ligand
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C249/00—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C249/02—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of compounds containing imino groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4277—C-X Cross-coupling, e.g. nucleophilic aromatic amination, alkoxylation or analogues
- B01J2231/4283—C-X Cross-coupling, e.g. nucleophilic aromatic amination, alkoxylation or analogues using N nucleophiles, e.g. Buchwald-Hartwig amination
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/16—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/824—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
- B01J2531/842—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
- B01J2531/845—Cobalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
- B01J2531/847—Nickel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苯二胺的制备方法,该制备方法为:在有机溶剂和催化剂存在下,以二卤代苯为原料、氨水为氨解剂,在不超过0.2Mpa的低压下加热氨解反应制备苯二胺;其中,催化剂为席夫碱金属络合催化剂,络合的金属离子选自Pd2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Fe2+或Cu2+中的至少一种。本发明以二卤代苯为原料,使用席夫碱金属络合催化剂,在低压条件下直接氨解制备苯二胺,反应条件温和,避开了传统工艺中的硝化和高压氢解工艺,安全风险小,且合成工艺路线短,起始原料简单易得,产品收率和质量较高,合成成本优势明显;同时,反应过程避免了使用对环境有害的混酸化合物,绿色环保,另外,催化剂可以回收利用,降低了生产成本,有利于规模化制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯二胺的制备方法,特别涉及一种采用金属络合催化剂催化氨解二卤代苯制备苯二胺的方法,属于苯二胺合成技术领域。
背景技术
苯二胺(邻、间、对位异构体)是很重要的有机合成中间体,主要用作染料中间体、环氧树脂的固化剂、水泥的促凝剂、石油添加剂及制造医药的原料等领域,用途非常广阔。
目前制备苯二胺的方法主要为:以混酸体系硝化苯制得中间产物二硝基苯,而后还原制得苯二胺。该工艺流程主要包含两个阶段,温度为40℃时主要完成苯的单硝化过程,然后在温度升至90℃左右时逐渐开始进行双硝化过程,此过程会产生较高热量,温度较难控制,容易导致温度失控现象,由于二硝基苯的易爆特性,操作不当往往会存在很大的事故隐患,同时会产生大量的废酸溶液,后处理困难。
以间苯二胺为例,近年来其工艺改进的文献多有报道,主要包括:
(1)公开号为CN111018720A的中国发明专利申请公开了以苯甲酸为起始原料的合成路线,先将苯甲酸硝化,再在酸的作用下与醇类试剂反应酯化制得间硝基苯甲酸酯;然后间硝基苯甲酸酯氨解后制得3-硝基苯甲酰胺,在碱性溶剂中与次卤酸盐或卤素经霍夫曼降解得到间硝基苯胺,还原后制得间苯二胺,合成路线如下:
其中,R=CH3,C2H5,CH3CH2CH2>>ò(CH3)2CH
该流程虽然避免了间二硝基苯的参与,但是合成路线过长且繁琐,不利于工业化生产。
(2)公开号为CN110105220A的中国发明专利申请公开了以间硝基氯苯为原料的合成方法,将间硝基氯苯以混酸体系硝化后,制得3,5-二硝基氯苯,而后经催化加氢后制得目标产物,主要流程如下:
该路线原料易得、流程简短,但硝化过程中会产生大量废酸溶液,后处理过程困难,且氢解还原过程压力较高,对反应装置及操作的要求较高。
(3)公开号为CN104478737A的中国发明专利申请公开了以氨水为氨解剂、芳基卤代物为原料,在溶剂中以铁酸盐为催化剂,采用微波加热的合成方法,主要流程如下:
其中,X=Cl,Br;M=Co,Fe,Cu
此路线提供了一种使用催化剂一步将卤素氨解的思路,但是由于该流程所使用的催化剂在工业化过程中难以回收,增加了生产成本,给规模化制备带来较大困难。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有的苯二胺制备过程存在安全隐患、工艺路线长、后处理困难、对反应装置及操作要求高等问题,本发明提供一种苯二胺的制备方法,采用金属络合催化剂催化氨解二卤代苯制备苯二胺。
技术方案:本发明所述的一种苯二胺的制备方法,是在有机溶剂和催化剂存在下,以二卤代苯为原料、氨水为氨解剂,在不超过0.2Mpa的低压下加热氨解反应制备苯二胺;其中,催化剂为席夫碱金属络合催化剂。
上述苯二胺的制备方法具体包括如下步骤:
(1)在低压反应容器中,加入有机溶剂、二卤代苯、氨水和席夫碱金属络合催化剂,保持反应容器内压力不超过0.2Mpa,加热搅拌进行氨解反应;
(2)反应结束后,冷却,泄压后,减压蒸馏回收70~80%溶剂;
(3)在残留溶剂中加入1~3倍体积的水,搅拌冷却结晶,过滤干燥得苯二胺粗品,经酒精重结晶得到纯品。
制备过程的反应方程式如下:
其中,二卤代苯中的卤素优选为氯原子或溴原子,即卤素X=Cl,Br,卤素取代位置可以是邻位、间位和对位;其中,以对位取代的二卤代苯为原料制备苯二胺的收率较高。可选的,有机溶剂为乙二醇二甲醚、二甘醇单甲醚等高沸点溶剂中的一种。
作为优选的,二卤代苯与有机溶剂的体积比为1:3~10;二卤代苯与氨水的摩尔比为1:3~20。
较优的,氨解反应温度为80~160℃,反应时间为6~20小时;更优的,氨解反应时,先在不超过0.2Mpa的低压条件下将反应液在6~20小时内缓慢加热到80~160℃,然后保温继续反应2~4小时。氨解反应温度最好为130~160℃。
具体的,席夫碱金属络合催化剂为ML1或ML2,其结构式分别如下:
其中,L1、L2为上述席夫碱结构的配体;M为金属,金属离子M1 2+、M2 2+分别选自Pd2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Fe2+或Cu2+中的至少一种。
上述席夫碱金属络合催化剂的制备步骤如下:
A、配体合成:将水杨醛和醇类溶剂加入到带有保护气体的反应装置中,滴入乙二胺或对苯二胺的醇溶液,升温搅拌反应,结束后减压蒸馏除去大部分溶剂,然后冷却、洗涤、过滤并干燥后得固体粗品,重结晶后得到有机配体;
B、合成金属络合催化剂:配体溶解于最小量的醇类溶剂中,分别与二价钯、镍、铁、铜或钴盐的醇水溶液混合,将所得溶液在40~60℃下搅拌回流2~6h;然后冷却,过滤、醇洗涤并真空干燥,得到带有不同颜色的金属络合催化剂。
较优的,步骤A中,苯二胺或乙二胺与水杨醛的摩尔比为1.0:2.0~2.4,且溶剂使用量为反应物总量的1:3~10V,即苯二胺或乙二胺与水杨醛的总量与两反应物的溶剂总量之间的质量体积比为1:3~10。步骤B中,配体与二价钯、镍、铁、铜或钴盐的摩尔比为1:0~1:1,即两者为等摩尔数混合,且二价钯、镍、铁、铜或钴盐的摩尔量可略大于配体的摩尔量。
以席夫碱金属络合催化剂ML2为例,合成ML2的反应方程式如下:
其中,MCl2可选自PdCl2、NiCl2、CoCl2、FeCl2或CuCl2的一种或两种;配体与MCl2的摩尔比为1:1.0~1.1。
作为优选的,席夫碱金属络合催化剂的用量为二卤代苯质量的0.5~5%。
以间苯二胺的合成为例,进一步说明本发明利用席夫碱金属络合催化剂催化氨解制备苯二胺的制备过程:间二氯苯为原料、氨水为氨解剂,在席夫碱金属络合催化剂存在下,低压(压力不高于0.2MPa)加热搅拌反应。该化学反应方程式如下:
作为优选的技术方案:
间二氯苯与氨水的摩尔比例为1:3~20;
席夫碱金属络合催化剂用量为间二氯苯质量的0.5~5%;
氨解反应的条件为:温度130~160℃,反应时间6~12h;
有机溶剂为乙二醇二甲醚或二甘醇单甲醚。最好为二甘醇单甲醚,其用量为间二氯苯使用量的3~10倍。
类似于间苯二胺的合成示例,邻苯二胺和对苯二胺可以采用上述相近的合成方法而制得。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:(1)本发明以二卤代苯为原料,使用席夫碱金属络合催化剂,在低压条件下直接氨解制备苯二胺,反应条件温和,避开了传统工艺中的硝化和高压氢解工艺,安全风险小;而且,合成工艺路线直接,路径较短,起始原料简单易得,产品收率和质量较高,合成成本优势明显;(2)本发明利用席夫碱金属络合催化剂催化二卤代苯氨解制备苯二胺,避免大量使用对环境有害的混酸化合物,符合绿色化学理念,同时,催化剂可以回收利用,降低了生产成本,有利于规模化制备。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
本发明的一种苯二胺的制备方法,是在有机溶剂和席夫碱金属络合催化剂存在下,以二卤代苯为原料、氨水为氨解剂,在不超过0.2Mpa的低压下加热氨解反应制备苯二胺。
实施例1制备席夫碱金属络合催化剂
(1)配体双(2-羟基苯甲醛)乙二胺席夫碱(L1)的合成
1000毫升三颈烧瓶,配有冷凝器、磁力搅拌器、温度计、滴液漏斗和氮气入口。将乙二胺溶液(15g,0.25mol)和200ml甲醇装入烧瓶中,并充分搅拌均匀。将水杨醛(61g,0.5mol)溶解于200ml甲醇中,并将该溶液转移到滴液漏斗中,在氮气存在下搅拌,在1小时内滴加到三颈烧瓶中。逐渐升高反应温度至回流3h。冷却反应,过滤,经甲醇重结晶得到亮黄色结晶固体54.9克,收率82%。
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δ,ppm)3.9(t,4H,CH),6.8(t,2H,Ar),6.9(d,2H,Ar),7.2(d,2H,Ar),7.3(t,2H,Ar),8.3(s,2H,=CH),13.2(s,2H,OH).
m/z,ESI-MS:[M-H]-,267.11.
(2)配体双(2-羟基苯甲醛)对苯二胺席夫碱(L2)的合成
500mL三颈烧瓶,配有冷凝器、磁力搅拌器、温度计、滴液漏斗和氮气入口。将对苯二胺(27g,0.25mol)和150mL无水乙醇装入烧瓶中,并充分搅拌均匀。将水杨醛(61g,0.5mol)溶解于200mL无水乙醇中,并将该溶液转移到滴液漏斗中,在氮气存在下搅拌,在1小时内滴加到三颈烧瓶中。加热至回流3h。冷却反应,过滤,粗品经95%乙醇重结晶得到亮黄色结晶固体71.1克,收率90%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δ,ppm)6.9(t,2H,Ar),7.0(d,2H,Ar),~7.4(s,4H,Ar),7.4(t,2H,Ar),8.7(s,2H,=CH),13.2(s,2H,OH).
m/z,ESI-MS:[MH].,315.11.
(3)金属络合物催化剂的合成
配体(0.1mol)在最小量的甲醇溶液中分别与氯化钯、四水醋酸镍(II)、七水硫酸亚铁、五水硫酸铜或四水醋酸钴(II)(0.2mol)的甲醇溶液(单一或两种按百分比)混合。将所得溶液在配备有加热器的磁力搅拌器上于60℃下回流2h。冷却,过滤、乙醇洗涤并真空干燥,得到带有不同颜色络合物。例如,镍络合物亮红色、钴络合物深黄色结晶粉末。
取实施例1制得的席夫碱金属络合催化剂催化氨解制备苯二胺,制备过程及产物收率详见实施例2~8。
实施例2
2L不锈钢压力釜中,加入对二氯苯(147g,1.0mol),28%浓氨水(300mL,5.0mol),PdL2催化剂(4.5g),二乙二醇二甲醚(1000mL),充氮保护,开启搅拌,保持压力不超过0.2MPa情况下,缓慢升温至150℃,耗时8小时。恒温2小时,压力不再变化,反应结束。冷却至室温后卸压,减压脱除大部分溶剂约1090mL,冷冻结晶,过滤出粗品,水洗,离心干燥后经95%乙醇重结晶得到96g对苯二胺结晶固体,熔点136~139℃,收率89%。
实施例3
1L压力釜中,加入对二溴苯(94.4g,0.4mol),28%浓氨水(80mL,1.3mol),Ni0.8Cu0.2L1催化剂(3.5g),二乙二醇单甲醚(400mL),充氮保护,开启搅拌,保持压力不超过0.2MPa情况下,缓慢升温至85℃,耗时6.5小时。恒温2小时,压力不再变化,反应结束。冷却至室温后卸压,减压脱除大部分溶剂约500mL,冷却结晶,过滤出粗品,水洗,离心干燥后经95%乙醇重结晶得到39.7g对苯二胺结晶固体,熔点136~138℃,收率92%。
实施例4
1L压力釜中,加入间二氯苯(58.8g,0.4mol),28%浓氨水(240mL,4.0mol),PdL1催化剂(2.5g),二乙二醇单甲醚(400mL),充氮保护,开启搅拌,保持压力不超过0.2MPa情况下,缓慢升温至160℃,耗时10小时。恒温2小时,压力不再变化,反应结束。冷却至室温后卸压,减压脱除大部分溶剂约520mL,冷冻结晶,过滤出粗品,水洗,滤干后经95%乙醇重结晶得到33.6g间苯二胺结晶固体,熔点61~62℃,收率78%。
实施例5
1L压力釜中,加入邻二氯苯(58.8g,0.4mol),28%浓氨水(210mL,3.5mol),PdL1催化剂(2.5g),乙二醇(400mL),充氮保护,开启搅拌,保持压力不超过0.2MPa情况下,缓慢升温至160℃,耗时8小时。恒温2小时,压力不再变化,反应结束。冷却至室温后卸压,减压脱除大部分溶剂约480mL,冷冻结晶,过滤出粗品,水洗,滤干后经95%乙醇重结晶得到34.5g邻苯二胺结晶固体,熔点101~102℃,收率80%。
实施例6
100L压力釜中,加入对二氯苯(5.9kg,40mol),28%浓氨水(21.0L,350mol),PdL1催化剂(65g),二乙二醇单甲醚(40L),充氮保护,开启搅拌,保持压力不超过0.2MPa情况下,缓慢升温至160℃,耗时8小时。恒温2小时,压力不再变化,反应结束。冷却至室温后卸压,减压脱除大部分溶剂约45L,冷冻结晶,过滤出粗品,水洗,离心干燥后经90%乙醇重结晶得到3.5kg对苯二胺结晶固体,熔点136~138℃,收率81.2%。
实施例7
100L压力釜中,加入间二溴苯(9.4kg,40mol),28%浓氨水(24L,400mol),CoL2催化剂(90g),二乙二醇单甲醚(40L),充氮保护,开启搅拌,保持压力不超过0.2MPa情况下,缓慢升温至150℃,耗时9小时。恒温2小时,压力不再变化,反应结束。冷却至室温后卸压,减压脱除大部分溶剂约50L,冷冻结晶,过滤出粗品,水洗,离心干燥后经90%乙醇重结晶得到3.2kg间苯二胺结晶固体,熔点60~62℃,收率73%。
实施例8
1L压力釜中,加入间二氯苯(58.8g,0.4mol),28%浓氨水(420mL,7.0mol),Ni0.8Co0.2L2催化剂(2.8g),二乙二醇单甲醚(400mL),充氮保护,开启搅拌,保持压力不超过0.2MPa情况下,缓慢升温至160℃,耗时9小时。恒温2小时,压力不再变化,反应结束。冷却至室温后卸压,减压脱除大部分溶剂约680mL,冷冻结晶,过滤出粗品,水洗,离心干燥后经95%乙醇重结晶得到36.2g间苯二胺结晶固体,熔点59~61℃,收率84%。
Claims (10)
1.一种苯二胺的制备方法,其特征在于,在有机溶剂和催化剂存在下,以二卤代苯为原料、氨水为氨解剂,在不超过0.2Mpa的低压下加热氨解反应制备苯二胺;其中,所述催化剂为席夫碱金属络合催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的苯二胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法具体包括如下步骤:
(1)在低压反应容器中,加入有机溶剂、二卤代苯、氨水和席夫碱金属络合催化剂,保持反应容器内压力不超过0.2Mpa,加热搅拌进行氨解反应;
(2)反应结束后,冷却,泄压后,减压蒸馏回收70~80%溶剂;
(3)在残留溶剂中加入1~3倍体积的水,搅拌冷却结晶,过滤干燥得苯二胺粗品,经酒精重结晶得到纯品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的苯二胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述席夫碱金属络合催化剂的制备步骤如下:
A、配体合成:将水杨醛和醇类溶剂加入到带有保护气体的反应装置中,滴入对苯二胺或乙二胺的醇溶液,升温搅拌反应,结束后减压蒸馏除去大部分溶剂,然后冷却、洗涤、过滤并干燥后得固体粗品,重结晶后得到有机配体;
B、合成金属络合催化剂:将所述配体溶解于醇类溶剂中,分别与二价钯、镍、铁、铜或钴盐的醇水溶液混合,将所得溶液在40~60℃下搅拌回流2~6h;然后冷却,过滤、醇洗涤并真空干燥,得到带有不同颜色的席夫碱金属络合催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的苯二胺的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤A中,所述苯二胺或乙二胺与水杨醛的摩尔比为1.0:2.0~2.4;反应物与溶剂的质量体积比为1:3~10。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的苯二胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二卤代苯为邻位、间位或对位二卤代苯,其中,卤素为氯原子或溴原子;所述有机溶剂为乙二醇二甲醚或二甘醇单甲醚。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的苯二胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二卤代苯与有机溶剂的体积比为1:3~10;所述二卤代苯与氨水的摩尔比为1:3~20。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的苯二胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述席夫碱金属络合催化剂的用量为二卤代苯质量的0.5~5%。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的苯二胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氨解反应温度为80~160℃,反应时间为6~20小时。
10.根据权利要求9所述的苯二胺的制备方法,其特征在于,氨解反应时,先在不超过0.2Mpa的低压条件下将反应液在6~20小时内缓慢加热到80~160℃,然后保温继续反应2~4小时。
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CN115283017A (zh) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-04 | 安徽东至广信农化有限公司 | 对硝基苯酚加氢用催化剂的制备方法 |
CN115283017B (zh) * | 2022-08-10 | 2024-03-26 | 安徽东至广信农化有限公司 | 对硝基苯酚加氢用催化剂的制备方法 |
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