CN111907171A - 一种改进的柔性防火条及其用途 - Google Patents
一种改进的柔性防火条及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111907171A CN111907171A CN202010799293.XA CN202010799293A CN111907171A CN 111907171 A CN111907171 A CN 111907171A CN 202010799293 A CN202010799293 A CN 202010799293A CN 111907171 A CN111907171 A CN 111907171A
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- parts
- expandable graphite
- fire
- strip
- acid
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- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种改进的柔性防火条,包括柔性树脂外层和可膨胀石墨内芯,所述可膨胀石墨内芯的制备原料包括柔性树脂,改性可膨胀石墨,硅烷偶联剂改性的白炭黑,云母,固化剂,膨胀型阻燃剂,消烟剂,成炭剂;所述可膨胀石墨为改性可膨胀石墨,其制备原料包括鳞片石墨,氧化剂,混酸,所述混酸包括苯三磺酸。本发明防火条柔性好、膨胀性能优良、燃烧后形状保持性好。火灾发生时,能够有效防止有毒烟气或者火苗通过门的缝隙穿过而造成串火或中毒现象;耐候性好,在抗冻循环,耐高温高湿,耐腐蚀,耐水,耐油的试验中均表现出优异的耐候性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防火领域,具体涉及一种改进的柔性防火条,具有高耐候性,可低温膨胀。
背景技术
随着门窗密封行业的发展和人们对于防火安全意识的不断提高,人们对于门窗的密封性和防火性的要求也不断提高。防火条主要用在钢门或木门的门扇与门框、门扇与门扇之间,当发生火灾时防火条自动膨胀,封堵门缝的缝隙,从而阻隔火势或有毒气体从一个空间蔓延到另一个空间,有效防止火灾早期的浓烟,有毒气体和热气,并控制火势蔓延,为防火赢得宝贵的时间。
我国目前大力发展公共交通事业,截止2019年,中国投入运营的高速铁路已达到3.5万公里。中国已成为世界上高速铁路系统技术最全、集成能力最强、运营里程最长、运行速度最高、在建规模最大的国家。尽管高速列车车体和内部装饰均采用防火材料,但高铁人员构成复杂,密度大,人数众多,列车高速运行时,车体处于密闭状态,这就对高铁内部的防火材料提出了更高的要求。
目前的防火条一般采用具有受热膨胀的材料制备,一般的膨胀材料膨胀系数较低,密封性较差。而可膨胀石墨具有较高的膨胀系数,且耐高温、密封性强,越来越多地应用于防火材料。目前主要是作为可膨胀的防火涂层使用。石墨是一种层状结构,层与层之间有一定的空隙,在一定条件下可以与某些物质发生插层反应,形成层间化合物。插层后的石墨在高温下,插层物质分解,使得石墨高倍膨胀,形成蠕虫状的膨胀石墨,热释放率低,形成绝热层,起到防火目的;膨胀后能阻止热气,毒烟的扩散,其产生烟气少;而且膨胀石墨保持了石墨的耐腐蚀,耐高低温,自润滑,耐辐射,隔音隔热,良好的回弹性和密封性,是目前防火材料的热点。但是一般的石墨防火条由于强度较差、易断裂,从而导致可控性差,不便于安装。
发明人在前的专利,CN201811219539.0,CN201811219545.6,CN201810000781.2公开了以可膨胀石墨作为内芯的防火条,配合柔性树脂,成炭剂,阻燃剂,白炭黑等材料,制备得到的可膨胀的柔性防火材料柔韧性好,大角度弯折也不会发生开裂现象,防火等级高,适用于门窗等防火领域。但是上述材料是和塑料树脂的外壳一起组装得到,石墨受热发生大体积倍数膨胀时,碳化层和外壳的附着力差,存在将外壳和内芯材料脱落或挤出的风险,而且两种材料的界面亲和力较差,导致耐候性不强。经过长期风吹日晒产品性能下降,甚至无法满足防火的需求。高铁上门窗多,一次性更换成本较高,更换时费时费力。此外可膨胀石墨作为防火材料在高温下熔融的问题,会导致作为门窗粘连,不易打开。在作为交通工具时,门窗往往是逃生的唯一可选路径,如果存在熔融粘接,反而会使火灾事故发生时,人员不易打开门窗逃生,造成严重的安全事故。
CN201810676809.4公开了一种低温快速熟化防火封堵块及其制备方法,采用了200目的低温膨胀石墨,保证了在较低温度下就能进行快速的熟化和膨胀,在火灾初期起到防火的作用。但是该专利的封堵块在高温下膨胀倍数过大,如果作为交通工具中门窗的防火条,在火灾高温环境下,会挤压玻璃变形,产生裂纹或者使玻璃爆碎,无法起到防堵有毒烟气和高热气体;而且该专利提供的防火材料在高温下会产生熔滴现象,可能导致车门,窗门无法打开,不利于火灾发生时的逃生。
因此,基于上述公共交通工具中门窗用防火条,亟需提供一种耐候性好,性能稳定,低温下即可膨胀,防火等级优异的柔性防火条。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明提供了一种改进的柔性防火条,包括柔性树脂外层和可膨胀石墨内芯,其中可膨胀石墨经过有机插层剂改性,能够有效控制受热时的膨胀倍率,能够在低温下即发生较大程度的膨胀,在火灾初期即可发挥延缓火势的目的,而在高温下膨胀倍率可以受到抑制,不至于撑开柔性树脂外层。同时本发明得到的防火条耐候性优异,在低温循环,高热高湿循环,紫外照射的模拟老化条件下,能够保持很好的韧性和防火等级,经久耐用,使用寿命长,避免了定期更换带来的高成本和繁琐工作。
本发明通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题:
本发明提供了一种改进的柔性防火条,包括柔性树脂外层和可膨胀石墨内芯,所述可膨胀石墨内芯包括改性可膨胀石墨,其特征在于,所述改性可膨胀石墨的制备原料包括鳞片石墨,氧化剂,混酸,所述混酸包括苯三磺酸。
优选地,所述改性可膨胀石墨的制备原料还包括阴离子插层剂。
优选地,沿所述防火条的长度方向,所述柔性树脂外层与可膨胀石墨内芯层紧密贴合,并完全覆盖在可膨胀石墨内芯层的外围;或者,沿所述防火条的长度方向,所述柔性树脂外层与可膨胀石墨内芯层紧密贴合,并沿防火条的长度方向部分覆盖在可膨胀石墨内芯层的外围。
进一步优选地,所述阴离子插层剂是带有长链烷基的阴离子表面活性剂,比如十二烷基硫酸钠,十二烷基苯磺酸钠,琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠,月桂基硫酸钠,脂肪醇醚硫酸钠。
进一步地,所述柔性树脂外层的制备原料包括以下重量份的原料:10-18份热塑性弹性体,5-10份二氧化硅填料,1-3份阻燃剂,2-5份增塑剂,3-6份氯化橡胶;所述可膨胀石墨内芯包括如下重量份的原料:15-30份柔性树脂,15-30份改性可膨胀石墨,10-20份硅烷偶联剂改性的白炭黑,15-25份云母,1-3份固化剂,4-8份膨胀型阻燃剂,1-3份消烟剂,2-5份成炭剂。
优选地,在柔性树脂外层的原料中,所述热塑性弹性体(TPR)是本领域所公知的,本发明优选采用苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体,比如SBS,SIS,SEBS,SEPS。
所述阻燃剂选自聚磷酸铵,磷酸三苯酯,硼酸锌,氢氧化铝,氢氧化镁,三氧化二锑中的至少一种。
所述增塑剂为含有硅和氮的有机硅化合物,该物质同时能够起到增塑、阻燃和偶联的作用,例如氨基硅油。或者增塑剂选自能够起到增塑和阻燃作用的磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三(2-乙基己酯)、环氧油酸酯、氯化石蜡。
优选地,在可膨胀石墨内芯的制备原料中,所述改性可膨胀石墨是通过将天然鳞片石墨和氧化剂,混酸和阴离子有机插层剂制备得到。
进一步地,所述改性可膨胀石墨包括以下重量份的原料:10-15份天然鳞片石墨,0.5-0.8份氧化剂,30-80份混酸,3-5份阴离子插层剂。
所述氧化剂选自KMnO4,KClO3,K2Cr2O7,(NH)4S2O8,双氧水(40%)中的至少一种。
所述混酸为浓硫酸,浓硝酸,草酸和苯三磺酸按照质量比4-6:2-2.5:1-2:2-3的复配。
所述混酸的用量没有特别的限定,能够充分浸泡天然鳞片石墨即可,一般在30份以上,但用量过多会导致原料浪费,一般控制在80份以下。
发明人预料不到底发现,在制备可膨胀石墨时,在混酸中加入一定量苯三磺酸,配合阴离子表面活性剂的插层,制备得到的坑膨胀石墨在低温下膨胀倍率即可达到令人满意的程度。一般在200℃即有可观的膨胀倍率。加入一定草酸,即作为酸源,也作为一种有机插层剂,在受热会分解产生二氧化碳,进一步使石墨发生膨胀。
优选地,本发明所述改性可膨胀石墨通过包括以下步骤的制备方法得到:将氧化剂溶于混酸中,将天然鳞片石墨加入到混酸溶液中,混合均匀,过滤,先用双氧水洗涤,再用水洗至中性,干燥即得改性可膨胀石墨。
所述柔性树脂选自聚氯乙烯树脂,聚硅氧烷树脂。
所述成炭剂选自多元醇和壳聚糖的复配,所述多元醇选自季戊四醇,季戊四醇的二聚体,季戊四醇三聚体中的至少一种;优选地,所述多元醇和壳聚糖的质量比为5-10:1-2,优选为6-8:1-1.4。
发明人发现,成炭剂中加入一定量分子量较大的壳聚糖,能够抑制膨胀石墨在较高温度下的膨胀倍率,可以防止车窗的防火条在较高温度下不会因为膨胀倍率太大发生脱落,挤出,压碎玻璃的情况,更为适合门窗的可膨胀防火密封材料。
所述硅烷偶联剂改性的白炭黑中,所述硅烷偶联剂选自KH-550,KH570,KH551,KH580和KH-792中的至少一种;所述白炭黑优选为气相法白炭黑的比表面积为150-250m2/g,优选为180-200m2/g。
白炭黑作为防火材料中经常加入的填料,能够提高材料的力学性质和抗老化性。发明人发现,硅烷偶联剂改性后的白炭黑还能够进一步提高防火材料的防火等级,使得燃烧的极限时间增长;而且还能一定程度增加防火条的耐候性。
所述固化剂为三聚磷酸硅。
所述消烟剂选自二茂铁,钼化物(比如钼酸锌,钼酸钙,钼酸铵,三氧化钼),三氧化二锑中的至少一种,优选为二茂铁,钼化物和三氧化二锑按照质量比10-13:8-10:1-1.5的复配。三氧化锑是性能优异的阻燃剂和消烟剂,但是缺点是燃烧室产生黑烟,存在一定的安全隐患,按照上述复配的消烟剂,能够极大减少三氧化二锑的用量,并且不会影响材料的阻燃,防火和消烟效果。
所述膨胀型阻燃剂由酸源,碳源,气源构成,所述酸源选自磷酸,聚磷酸铵;所述碳源选自山梨醇,淀粉,蔗糖;所述气源选自三聚氰胺或其盐,所述盐选自三聚氰胺硼酸盐,三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐和氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐中的至少一种。
所述酸源,碳源,气源的质量比为1-2:1-2:1-2。
本发明还提供了所述柔性防火条的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将可膨胀石墨内芯原料和柔性外层树脂层的原料分别放入到挤出机的相应部件中,控制挤出温度140-180℃,挤出,压纹,冷却,得到所述防火条。
本发明还提供了柔性防火条在门窗防火材料的用途,用于交通工具,比如公交,轿车,飞机,火车,高铁上门窗的防火条。
本发明所取得的有益效果如下:
一、可膨胀石墨内芯具有柔性好、膨胀性能优良、燃烧后形状保持性好、环保的性能,且在挤出或注塑成型过程中有很好的流动性,降温后尺寸稳定,以及火灾发生时,能够有效防止有毒烟气或者火苗通过门的缝隙穿过而造成串火或中毒现象。
二、本发明改性后的可膨胀石墨,在低温下即有一定的膨胀倍率,在火灾发生初期,温度不高时就能发挥防火的作用。
三、耐候性好,在抗冻循环,耐高温高湿,耐腐蚀,耐水,耐油性能试验中均表现出优异的耐候性,使本发明的改性的柔性防护条经久耐用,长时间使用,性能不会下降,避免了频繁更换门窗耗费的精力和物理,能够降低成本。
四、通过对消烟剂成分进行特定的复配,在高温着火状态下,其烟雾密度能进一步明显降低。
附图说明
图1为本申请第一种规格的实务照片示意。
图2为本申请第二种规格的实务照片示意。
图3为本申请第三种规格的实务照片示意。
以上图1-图3仅仅是本申请所涉及的实际产品的结构列举,本申请中的柔性防火条可以根据实际需要,设计挤出机出口形状,从而得到不同的形状。为便于比较说明,以下实施例全部采用图1的形式。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中所述“份”,若无特别说明,均指重量份,所述“%”,若无特别说明,均指重量百分。
本发明实施例所用到的浓硝酸浓度为98wt%,浓硝酸浓度为66wt%,天然鳞片石墨采购自青岛天源达石墨有限公司,粒度0.5mm-1μm,含碳量98%以上。气象白炭黑采购自瓦克(WACKER),牌号N20,BET180-200m2/g。所述云母采购自河北兴源矿物粉体加工厂,规格50目,颜色白色。
制备例改性可膨胀石墨的制备
制备例1
将0.5份高锰酸钾,3份十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶于40份混酸,混酸是浓硫酸,浓硝酸,草酸和苯三磺酸按照质量比5:2:1:3的复配,搅拌混合均匀后得到混酸溶液,将12份天然鳞片石墨加入到上述混酸溶液中,搅拌混合均匀,6h后过滤,滤物用20%双氧水过滤,再用纯水洗涤至中性,在50℃烘箱干燥过夜即得改性可膨胀石墨,以下称为可膨胀石墨1。
制备例2
将0.5份高锰酸钾,3份十二烷基硫酸钠钠溶于40份混酸,混酸是浓硫酸,浓硝酸,草酸和苯三磺酸按照质量比5:2:1:2的复配,搅拌混合均匀后得到混酸溶液,将12份天然鳞片石墨加入到上述混酸溶液中,搅拌混合均匀,6h后过滤,滤物用20%双氧水过滤,再用纯水洗涤至中性,在50℃烘箱干燥过夜即得改性可膨胀石墨,以下称为可膨胀石墨2。
制备例3
将0.5份高锰酸钾溶于40份混酸,混酸是浓硫酸,浓硝酸,草酸和苯三磺酸按照质量比5:2:1:3的复配,搅拌混合均匀后得到混酸溶液,将12份天然鳞片石墨加入到上述混酸溶液中,搅拌混合均匀,6h后过滤,滤物用20%双氧水过滤,再用纯水洗涤至中性,在50℃烘箱干燥过夜即得改性可膨胀石墨,以下称为可膨胀石墨3。
对比制备例1
将0.5份高锰酸钾,3份十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶于40份混酸,混酸是浓硫酸,浓硝酸,草酸按照质量比5:2:1的复配,搅拌混合均匀后得到混酸溶液,将12份天然鳞片石墨加入到上述混酸溶液中,搅拌混合均匀,6h后过滤,滤物用20%双氧水过滤,再用纯水洗涤至中性,在50℃烘箱干燥过夜即得改性可膨胀石墨,以下称为可膨胀石墨4。
对上述制备例得到的可膨胀石墨进行膨胀测试,结果如下表1所示:
表1
实施例1
1-1柔性树脂外层的原料组成
15份热塑性丁苯橡胶SBS、8份二氧化硅填料、3份聚磷酸铵阻燃剂、4份磷酸三(2-乙基己酯)增塑剂以及5份氯化橡胶。
1-2可膨胀石墨内芯的原料组成
25份聚氯乙烯树脂,18份制备例1制备得到的可膨胀石墨1,15份KH550改性的气象白炭黑,20份云母,3份三聚磷酸硅,6份膨胀型阻燃剂(2份聚磷酸铵,2份山梨醇,2份三聚氰胺硼酸盐的复配),2份消烟剂(二茂铁,钼酸锌,三氧化二锑按照质量比10:8:1的复配),4份成炭剂(季戊四醇和壳聚糖按照质量比6:1的复配)。
1-3
将可膨胀石墨内芯原料和柔性外层树脂层的原料分别放入到挤出机的相应部件中,控制挤出温度约160℃,挤出,压纹,冷却,得到所述柔性防火条。
实施例2
其他条件和实施例1相同,区别在于可膨胀石墨内芯的原料组成中,将可膨胀石墨1替换为等质量的可膨胀石墨2。
实施例3
其他条件和实施例1相同,区别在于可膨胀石墨内芯的原料组成中,将可膨胀石墨1替换为等质量的可膨胀石墨3。
实施例4
其他条件和实施例1相同,区别在于1-2可膨胀石墨内芯的原料组成中,成炭剂为4份季戊四醇。
实施例5
其他条件和实施例1相同,区别在于1-2可膨胀石墨内芯的原料组成中,2份消烟剂为二茂铁和三氧化二锑按照10:1的复配。
实施例6
其他条件和实施例1相同,区别在于1-2可膨胀石墨内芯的原料组成中气象白炭黑不经过硅烷偶联剂改性。
对比例1
其他条件和实施例1相同,区别在于可膨胀石墨内芯的原料组成中,将可膨胀石墨1替换为等质量的可膨胀石墨4。
对比例2
其他条件和实施例1相同,区别在于可膨胀石墨内芯的原料组成中,将可膨胀石墨1替换为等质量的普通商业化可膨胀石墨(采购自青岛天源达石墨有限公司,硫含量约1.5%,含碳量97%)。
应用例
将以上实施例和对比例得到的柔性防火条按照GB23864-2009进行测试,对烟雾密度采用GB/T8627-2007标准测试烟密度等级(SDR),结果如下表2所示。燃烧后形状保持性能是900℃烧60分钟测试得到的性能。
表2
通过表2数据可以看出,本发明制备得到的改进的柔性防火条综合性能优异,耐候性和耐火性都明显得到改善。通过上述实验数据验证了本发明产品特别适合作为公共交通工具,比如公交车,飞机,高铁门窗的防火条。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种改进的柔性防火条,包括柔性树脂外层和可膨胀石墨内芯,所述可膨胀石墨内芯的制备原料包括柔性树脂,改性可膨胀石墨,硅烷偶联剂改性的白炭黑,云母,固化剂,膨胀型阻燃剂,消烟剂,成炭剂;所述可膨胀石墨为改性可膨胀石墨,其制备原料包括鳞片石墨,氧化剂,混酸,所述混酸包括苯三磺酸。
2.如权利要求1所述的防火条,其特征在于,所述改性可膨胀石墨的制备原料还包括阴离子插层剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的防火条,其特征在于,沿所述防火条的长度方向,所述柔性树脂外层与可膨胀石墨内芯层紧密贴合,并完全覆盖在可膨胀石墨内芯层的外围;或者,沿所述防火条的长度方向,所述柔性树脂外层与可膨胀石墨内芯层紧密贴合,并沿防火条的长度方向部分覆盖在可膨胀石墨内芯层的外围。
4.如权利要求2所述的防火条,其特征在于,所述阴离子插层剂是带有长链烷基的阴离子表面活性剂;优选为十二烷基硫酸钠,十二烷基苯磺酸钠,琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠,月桂基硫酸钠,脂肪醇醚硫酸钠中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求2所述的防火条,其特征在于,所述改性可膨胀石墨包括以下重量份的原料:10-15份天然鳞片石墨,0.5-0.8份氧化剂,30-80份混酸,3-5份阴离子插层剂,优选所述混酸为浓硫酸,浓硝酸,草酸和苯三磺酸按照质量比4-6:2-2.5:1-2:2-3的复配。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的防火条,其特征在于,所述柔性树脂外层的制备原料包括以下重量份的原料:10-18份热塑性弹性体,5-10份二氧化硅填料,1-3份阻燃剂,2-5份增塑剂,3-6份氯化橡胶;所述可膨胀石墨内芯包括如下重量份的原料:15-30份柔性树脂,15-30份改性可膨胀石墨,10-20份硅烷偶联剂改性的白炭黑,15-25份云母,1-3份固化剂,4-8份膨胀型阻燃剂,1-3份消烟剂,2-5份成炭剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的防火条,其特征在于,在柔性树脂外层的原料中,所述热塑性弹性体(TPR)选自苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体,比如SBS,SIS,SEBS,SEPS;所述阻燃剂选自聚磷酸铵,磷酸三苯酯,硼酸锌,氢氧化铝,氢氧化镁,三氧化二锑中的至少一种;所述增塑剂选自氨基硅油,磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三(2-乙基己酯)、环氧油酸酯、氯化石蜡中的至少一种。
8.如权利要求6所述的防火条,其特征在于,所述成炭剂选自多元醇和壳聚糖的复配,所述多元醇选自季戊四醇,季戊四醇的二聚体,季戊四醇三聚体中的至少一种;优选地,所述多元醇和壳聚糖的质量比为5-10:1-2,更优选为6-8:1-1.4。
9.如权利要求6所述的防火条,其特征在于,所述膨胀型阻燃剂由酸源,碳源,气源构成,所述酸源选自磷酸,聚磷酸铵;所述碳源选自山梨醇,淀粉,蔗糖;所述包括气源选自三聚氰胺或其盐;所述盐选自三聚氰胺硼酸盐,三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐和氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐中的至少一种;所述酸源,碳源,气源的质量比为1-2:1-2:1-2;和/或
所述消烟剂为二茂铁,钼化物和三氧化二锑按照质量比10-13:8-10:1-1.5的复配;和/或所述固化剂为三聚磷酸硅。
10.权利要求1-9任一项所述柔性防火条在交通工具中的用途,利用用于公交车,轿车,飞机,火车,高铁门窗的防火条。
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