CN111903977A - 一种白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂的提取方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂的提取方法,包括白芸豆淀粉的提取和淀粉酶抑制剂的提取,白芸豆淀粉的提取包括以下步骤:S1:取白芸豆豆渣,按照加入纯水,搅拌使其分散,加入NaOH溶液,在设定温度下提取一定时间后,取出沉淀分散于纯水中,调pH至7.0,离心、去清液,下层淀粉再用纯水洗涤、离心,滤饼干燥,粉碎,过筛,得到白芸豆淀粉;淀粉酶抑制剂的提取包括以下步骤:S2:取上述步骤所得白芸豆淀粉,粉碎过筛后,加入蒸馏水,在恒定的温度下不断地搅拌,离心取上清液,将上清液超滤膜超滤,将截留液冷冻干燥后,粉碎,即得到白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂,白芸豆淀粉酶抑制的得率增高,且最大可能地利用了白芸豆,白芸豆的淀粉利用率升高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物抑制剂的提取工艺领域,尤其涉及一种白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂的提取方法。
背景技术
白芸豆属豆科蝶形花亚科,菜豆族菜豆属,是一种在世界范围内广泛种植的豆类作物,芸豆籽粒中含有18%~21%的蛋白质,40%~60%的淀粉,1.6%~2.15%的脂肪,白芸豆不仅营养丰富,而且具有药用价值。白芸豆中含有淀粉酶抑制剂,能够抑制唾液及胰中的淀粉酶活性,阻碍食物中碳水化合物的水解和消化,在减肥和血糖控制等保健食品中有广泛应用。
目前,利用白芸豆生产淀粉酶抑制剂已工业化生产,淀粉酶抑制剂主要成分是蛋白质,含量低,其分离提取后,剩下的豆渣比例大,且豆渣水分含量大,易腐败变质,运输困难,通常只用作饲料。因此,如果不对豆渣进行很好的开发利用,将会造成生产的经济效益低、浪费了资源。豆渣中最主要的有效成分是淀粉。白芸豆淀粉颗粒小 (15~25μm),直链淀粉含量相对高(34%~45%),与谷物类淀粉相比较,具有很好的透光性、凝胶性,是生产制造粉丝、粉皮、凉粉、皮冻等食品的优质淀粉。因此,白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂提取后,对豆渣中淀粉的提取和利用就尤其重要。
在申请号为:CN201610150957.3,申请日为:20160316名称为:一种白芸豆中淀粉阻碍剂的提取制备工艺的专利中,公开了一种白芸豆中淀粉阻碍剂的提取制备工艺。所述工艺包括:将白芸豆微波杀菌,粉碎过筛,水提,过滤滤渣后取上清液;以上清液中纤维素和淀粉的总含量计,按照1-2%纤维素酶、1.5-2.5%α-淀粉酶、3-5%β-淀粉酶的比例加入三种酶,进行反应;之后减压浓缩得到浓缩液,调节 pH;向浓缩液中加入抗性糊精,混合均匀得到混合溶液;对混合溶液低温喷雾干燥,即得到最终产品。本发明将酶处理与微波处理法相结合,有效去除所选原料的杂质、微生物以及纤维素、淀粉等成分,采用微波杀菌、水提结合酶处理、低温喷雾干燥等工艺在白芸豆中提取出淀粉抑制剂,同时结合抗性糊精,增加本产品稳定血糖的功效,并将此白芸豆提取物进行开发与利用。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题在于提供一种白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂的提取方法。
本发明的的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂的提取方法,包括白芸豆淀粉的提取和淀粉酶抑制剂的提取,
所述白芸豆淀粉的提取包括以下步骤:
S1:取称取1.0kg白芸豆豆渣,按照一定料液比加入纯水,搅拌使其分散,加入NaOH溶液,在设定温度下提取一定时间后,于3000 r/min下离心10min,去上清液,取出沉淀分散于纯水中,用3%HCl 调pH至7.0,离心、去清液,刮去沉淀的上层黑色物质,下层淀粉再用纯水洗涤2次、离心,滤饼干燥,水分低于14%后粉碎,过100 目筛,得到白芸豆淀粉;
所述淀粉酶抑制剂的提取包括以下步骤:
S2:取上述步骤所得白芸豆淀粉200g,用万能粉碎机粉碎过筛后,按照一定料液比加入蒸馏水,在恒定的温度下不断地搅拌使其充分分散,提取一定时间后,离心取上清液,得到白芸豆淀粉提取液,将白芸豆提取液用0.2μm的滤膜微滤后,再用截留分子质量为50ku的超滤膜超滤,滤出液再用截留分子质量为10ku的超滤膜超滤,将截留液冷冻干燥后,粉碎,即得到白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂。
优选的,所述S1中料液比为白芸豆豆渣料液比1:7(豆渣:水)。
更优选的,所述S1中NaOH溶液质量分数为0.15%,加入NaOH 溶液,在温度45℃提取10小时h后离心。
更优选的,所述S1中滤饼于50℃烘箱干燥。
更优选的,所述S2中料液比为1:6(白芸豆淀粉:水)。
更优选的,所述S2中按照一定料液比加入蒸馏水,在55℃温度下不断地搅拌使其充分分散。
更优选的,所述S2中提取时间为6小时,后离心取上清液。
本发明的有益效果:
白芸豆淀粉酶抑制的得率增高,且最大可能地利用了白芸豆,白芸豆的淀粉利用率升高。
具体实施方式
本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述:
一种白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂的提取方法,包括白芸豆淀粉的提取和淀粉酶抑制剂的提取,
所述白芸豆淀粉的提取包括以下步骤:
S1:取称取1.0kg白芸豆豆渣,按照一定料液比加入纯水,搅拌使其分散,加入NaOH溶液,在设定温度下提取一定时间后,于3000 r/min下离心10min,去上清液,取出沉淀分散于纯水中,用3%HCl 调pH至7.0,离心、去清液,刮去沉淀的上层黑色物质,下层淀粉再用纯水洗涤2次、离心,滤饼于50℃烘箱干燥,水分低于14%后粉碎,过100目筛,得到白芸豆淀粉;
所述淀粉酶抑制剂的提取包括以下步骤:
S2:取上述步骤所得白芸豆淀粉200g,用万能粉碎机粉碎过筛后,按照一定料液比加入蒸馏水,在恒定的温度下不断地搅拌使其充分分散,提取一定时间后,离心取上清液,得到白芸豆淀粉提取液,将白芸豆提取液用0.2μm的滤膜微滤后,再用截留分子质量为50ku的超滤膜超滤,滤出液再用截留分子质量为10ku的超滤膜超滤,将截留液冷冻干燥后,粉碎,即得到白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂。
优选的,所述S1中料液比为白芸豆豆渣料液比1:7(豆渣:水)。
更优选的,所述S1中NaOH溶液质量分数为0.15%,加入NaOH 溶液,在温度45℃提取10小时h后离心。
更优选的,所述S1中滤饼于50℃烘箱干燥。
更优选的,所述S2中料液比为1:6(白芸豆淀粉:水)。
更优选的,所述S2中按照一定料液比加入蒸馏水,在55℃温度下不断地搅拌使其充分分散。
更优选的,所述S2中提取时间为6小时,后离心取上清液。
白芸豆的豆渣中含有大量的淀粉,采用碱法工艺提取白芸豆淀粉,适当提高NaOH用量和延长提取时间有利于淀粉的提取,NaOH用量过多和过高的提取温度会导致淀粉局部糊化,提取率降低,淀粉提取的最佳工艺条件为:NaOH用量0.15%,料液比为1:7,提取时间为10h,提取温度为45℃,白芸豆淀粉的得率增高。
提高白芸豆粉的粉碎细度和延长提取时间可提高淀粉酶抑制剂的提取率;适当升高提取温度和物料比有利于淀粉酶抑制剂的提取,但过高的温度会导致淀粉酶抑制剂变性失去活性。同时,物料比过高后,使得淀粉酶抑制剂的浓度较低,提取率降低。得到白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1:6、提取时间为8h、提取温度为55℃,在该工艺条件下所提取的淀粉酶抑制剂得率为 4.67%。
最后应说明的是:
在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个引用结构”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本实用新型的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本实用新型的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本实用新型的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂的提取方法,其特征在于:包括白芸豆淀粉的提取和淀粉酶抑制剂的提取,
所述白芸豆淀粉的提取包括以下步骤:
S1:取称取1.0kg白芸豆豆渣,按照一定料液比加入纯水,搅拌使其分散,加入NaOH溶液,在设定温度下提取一定时间后,于3000r/min下离心10min,去上清液,取出沉淀分散于纯水中,用3%HCl调pH至7.0,离心、去清液,刮去沉淀的上层黑色物质,下层淀粉再用纯水洗涤2次、离心,滤饼干燥,水分低于14%后粉碎,过100目筛,得到白芸豆淀粉;
所述淀粉酶抑制剂的提取包括以下步骤:
S2:取上述步骤所得白芸豆淀粉200g,用万能粉碎机粉碎过筛后,按照一定料液比加入蒸馏水,在恒定的温度下不断地搅拌使其充分分散,提取一定时间后,离心取上清液,得到白芸豆淀粉提取液,将白芸豆提取液用0.2μm的滤膜微滤后,再用截留分子质量为50ku的超滤膜超滤,滤出液再用截留分子质量为10ku的超滤膜超滤,将截留液冷冻干燥后,粉碎,即得到白芸豆淀粉酶抑制剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的提取方法,其特征在于:所述S1中料液比为白芸豆豆渣料液比1:7(豆渣:水)。
3.如权利要求2所述的提取方法,其特征在于:所述S1中NaOH溶液质量分数为0.15%,加入NaOH溶液,在温度45℃提取10小时h后离心。
4.如权利要求3所述的提取方法,其特征在于:所述S1中滤饼于50℃烘箱干燥。
5.如权利要求4所述的提取方法,其特征在于:所述S2中料液比为1:6(白芸豆淀粉:水)。
6.如权利要求5所述的提取方法,其特征在于:所述S2中按照一定料液比加入蒸馏水,在55℃温度下不断地搅拌使其充分分散。
7.如权利要求6所述的提取方法,其特征在于:所述S2中提取时间为6小时,后离心取上清液。
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