CN111887112A - Method and system for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index - Google Patents
Method and system for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index Download PDFInfo
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- CN111887112A CN111887112A CN202010677153.5A CN202010677153A CN111887112A CN 111887112 A CN111887112 A CN 111887112A CN 202010677153 A CN202010677153 A CN 202010677153A CN 111887112 A CN111887112 A CN 111887112A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Mining
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and discloses a method and a system for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging-resistant index, wherein the system for assisting rice breeding by using the lodging-resistant index comprises an initial angle calculation module, a precipitation monitoring module, a wind power monitoring module, a central control module, a skew angle calculation module, a single plant lodging index calculation module, an average lodging index calculation module, a lodging-resistant rice screening module, a yield calculation module, a high-yield rice screening module, a rice hybridization module and a rice selfing module; the preliminary evaluation index of the lodging resistance of the rice is formulated based on the lodging process of the rice under the simulated natural condition, and the lodging resistance of plant groups can be quantitatively evaluated; the high yield factor is considered when the rice variety is bred, the combination of lodging resistance and high yield can be realized, the lodging resistance of the bred new rice strain is high, and the yield is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and particularly relates to a method and a system for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging resistance index.
Background
At present: lodging means that the vertically growing crops are inclined in a sheet manner and even the whole plants are crawled over the ground. Lodging can reduce crop yield and quality, making harvesting difficult. When the rice is seriously lodging, the yield can be reduced by more than half even. Lodging occurs mostly in the middle and late stages of crop growth. The earlier the rice falls after jointing, the greater the loss. In the prior art, the measures for preventing lodging are mainly to select a lodging-resistant rice variety for cultivation, but the screening of the lodging-resistant rice variety is mainly determined by visual observation or gene determination; the lodging-resistant variety is determined to have no specific quantitative standard through visual observation, and the obtained result is inaccurate and has large influence on subjective factors; the determination is carried out by utilizing gene determination, the cost is high, and the determination process is complicated; meanwhile, no method for assisting rice breeding by using the lodging-resistant index exists at present, and a high-quality lodging-resistant rice variety cannot be obtained.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the existing method for determining the lodging-resistant variety through visual observation has no specific quantitative standard, the obtained result is not accurate, and the influence of subjective factors is large; the lodging-resistant variety is determined by utilizing gene determination, the cost is high, and the determination process is complicated;
(2) at present, a method for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging-resistant index is not available, and a high-quality lodging-resistant rice variety cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging resistance index.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method and a system for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging resistance index comprise the following steps:
another object of the present invention is to provide a method for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging resistance index, which comprises the following steps:
step one, measuring an initial vertical angle of the planted rice by an angle measuring instrument;
the method for measuring the initial standing angle of the planted rice comprises the following steps: fixing the horizontal moving ruler of the angle measuring instrument at a proper height H of the vertical ruler according to the height of the rice, recording the width F of the rice reaching the horizontal moving ruler, and calculating by using an arctangent function formula DEGRES (ATAN (F/H)) to obtain the vertical angle of the rice;
monitoring the precipitation of the rice planting area through a precipitation monitoring program; monitoring the wind power intensity of a rice planting area through a wind power monitoring module;
the method for monitoring the precipitation of the rice planting area comprises the following steps:
(2.1) acquiring precipitation data corresponding to precipitation of the rice planting area in a first preset time period, which is acquired by using precipitation monitoring equipment, as first precipitation data;
(2.2) acquiring precipitation data corresponding to precipitation of the rice planting area observed by weather station equipment in the first preset time period as second precipitation data;
(2.3) acquiring precipitation data, observed by a Doppler weather radar, corresponding to precipitation in the rice planting area in the first preset time period, as third precipitation data;
(2.4) determining the actual precipitation of the rice planting area according to the first precipitation data, the second precipitation data and the third precipitation data;
step three, calculating the inclination degree of the upright rice through an inclination angle calculation program;
step four, calculating the lodging index of the single-plant rice subjected to the severe environment through a single-plant lodging resistance index calculation program; calculating the average lodging index of the rice subjected to the severe environment by an average lodging resistance index calculation program;
step five, determining the rice with the lodging index lower than the average lodging index through a lodging-resistant rice screening program, and taking the rice as lodging-resistant rice;
step six, calculating the yield of the single-plant lodging-resistant rice through a yield calculation program; selecting high-yield rice from lodging-resistant rice through a high-yield rice screening program;
step seven, hybridizing high-yield rice through a rice selfing procedure to obtain a hybrid rice variety; selfing the hybrid rice variety through a rice selfing program to obtain a high-yield lodging-resistant excellent variety;
the high-yield rice hybridization method comprises the following steps:
(6.1) sowing the high-yield rice grains obtained in the sixth step;
(6.2) sun-drying seeds and sterilizing before sowing; accelerating germination at constant temperature, controlling the accelerating germination temperature to be 26-30 ℃, and hardening germination for 5 hours at normal temperature;
(6.3) after sowing, adopting a low-arch covering film, inserting bamboo chips with the length of 5.5 feet on the seedbed every other meter to form a low arch, and then covering a white light-transmitting film;
(6.4) after the green leaves are formed by the needle holding, ventilating and hardening seedlings, uncovering the film when the weather is good after one leaf and one heart, and uniformly spraying pesticide, 0.5% urea solution and organic silicon mixed solution on the leaf surfaces of the electric sprayer after uncovering the film;
(6.5) adopting a water seedling raising and sparse sowing seedling strengthening mode, and controlling the seed consumption in each mu of field to be 0.75-1.0 kg;
(6.6) transplanting when the seedling age is controlled to be 20-25 days; the planting depth is 2 cm, shallow planting is carried out, and a wide-row mode of expanding row spacing and reducing plant spacing is adopted; transplanting with medicine, soil and fertilizer, and inserting along with pulling, and inserting straight and stably.
Further, in the second step, the determining the actual precipitation of the rice planting area according to the first precipitation data, the second precipitation data and the third precipitation data includes:
determining a first weight corresponding to the first precipitation data, a second weight corresponding to the second precipitation data, and a third weight corresponding to the third precipitation data, wherein the first weight is greater than the second weight and the third weight; and determining the actual precipitation of the rice planting area according to the first precipitation data, the second precipitation data, the third precipitation data and the corresponding weights thereof.
Further, in the third step, the method for calculating the skewness of the upright rice comprises the following steps:
(1) defining east, west, south and north directions, and taking the ground plane as a horizontal line to respectively measure the rice skew angles in the four directions;
(2) acquiring an initial vertical angle of planted rice, and counting the angle A, wherein A is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees;
(3) measuring the skew angle of the planted rice after the rice is subjected to severe environment by using an angle measuring instrument, and counting as an angle B, wherein B is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees;
(4) calculating the inclination angle of the upright rice by using a formula of 'C-B', wherein C is the inclination angle of the upright rice;
(5) and calculating the skewness of the vertical rice through the skewness angle of the vertical rice and the initial vertical angle of the planted rice.
Further, in the step (5), the step of calculating the skewness of the upright rice by the skewness angle of the upright rice and the initial upright angle of the planted rice is specifically as follows:
and calculating the distortion degree of the upright rice by the formula of 'a ═ C/A', wherein the 'a' is the distortion degree of the upright rice.
Further, in the fourth step, the calculating the lodging index of the individual rice subjected to the harsh environment specifically includes:
1) determining lodging grade f according to inclination of vertical rice1、f2、f3...fi；
2) For different lodging grades f1、f2、f3......fiThe number of the rice in the rice field is counted up and respectively counted as x1、x2、x3...xi；
3) Calculating the lodging area S of the rice planting area;
4) calculating an average voltage level I;
5) the lodging index is obtained by the formula L ═ S × I.
Further, in the step 3), the calculating of the lodging area S of the rice planting region specifically comprises:
further, in step 4), the calculating the average inverse voltage level I specifically includes:
further, in the seventh step, the selfing of the hybrid rice variety comprises:
selecting a high-yield lodging-resistant variety as a parent, and hybridizing the high-yield rice obtained in the sixth step to obtain rice of the F1 generation; selfing the F1 rice to obtain F2 rice; the parents are distant in relationship.
Further, ploughing the field by using a medium-sized machine before transplanting, ploughing deeply for 35cm, irrigating and raking until no mud appears on a water layer of 3 cm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for assisting rice breeding using a lodging resistance index, which implements the method for assisting rice breeding using a lodging resistance index, the system comprising:
the system comprises an initial angle calculation module, a precipitation monitoring module, a wind power monitoring module, a central control module, a skew angle calculation module, a single plant lodging index calculation module, an average lodging index calculation module, a lodging-resistant rice screening module, a yield calculation module, a high-yield rice screening module, a rice hybridization module and a rice selfing module;
the initial angle calculation module is connected with the central control module and used for measuring the initial vertical angle of the planted rice through the angle measuring instrument;
the rainfall monitoring module is connected with the central control module and used for monitoring the rainfall of the rice planting area through a rainfall monitoring program;
the wind power monitoring module is connected with the central control module and used for monitoring the wind power intensity of the rice planting area through the wind power monitoring module;
the central control module is connected with the initial angle calculation module, the precipitation monitoring module, the wind power monitoring module, the skew angle calculation module, the single plant lodging index calculation module, the average lodging index calculation module, the lodging-resistant rice screening module, the yield calculation module, the high-yield rice screening module, the rice hybridization module and the rice selfing module and is used for controlling the normal operation of each module through a main control computer;
the skew angle calculation module is connected with the central control module and is used for calculating the skew angle of the upright rice through a skew angle calculation program;
the single plant lodging index calculation module is connected with the central control module and used for calculating the lodging index of the single plant rice subjected to severe environment through a single plant lodging index calculation program;
the average lodging index calculation module is connected with the central control module and used for calculating the average lodging index of the rice subjected to the severe environment through an average lodging index calculation program;
the lodging-resistant rice screening module is connected with the central control module and used for determining rice with a lodging index lower than the average lodging index through a lodging-resistant rice screening program to serve as lodging-resistant rice;
the yield calculation module is connected with the central control module and used for calculating the yield of the single-plant lodging-resistant rice through a yield calculation program;
the high-yield rice screening module is connected with the central control module and is used for selecting high-yield rice in lodging-resistant rice through a high-yield rice screening program;
the rice hybridization module is connected with the central control module and is used for hybridizing high-yield rice through a rice selfing procedure to obtain a hybrid rice variety;
and the rice selfing module is connected with the central control module and is used for selfing the hybrid rice varieties through a rice selfing program to obtain high-yield lodging-resistant excellent varieties.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the preliminary evaluation index of the lodging resistance of the rice is formulated based on the lodging process of the rice under the simulated natural condition, the strength of the lodging resistance of the rice is directly evaluated by taking a plant group as an object, the influence of weather conditions is avoided, and the lodging resistance of the plant group can be quantitatively evaluated by using the index of the wind speed level during lodging. The high yield factor is considered when the rice variety is bred, the combination of lodging resistance and high yield can be realized, the lodging resistance of the bred new rice strain is high, and the yield is higher.
The method is beneficial to screening out excellent anti-rice varieties through quantitative evaluation of the lodging resistance of the rice, reduces the blindness of rice breeding, and the cultivated new rice variety has wider adaptability and stress resistance. The auxiliary rice breeding method is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate and wide in application prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging resistance index according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging resistance index according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the calculation of the skewness of rice stands according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for calculating the lodging index of individual rice plants subjected to harsh environments, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a process for crossing high-yielding rice according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. an initial angle calculation module; 2. a precipitation monitoring module; 3. a wind power monitoring module; 4. a central control module; 5. a skew angle calculation module; 6. a single plant lodging index calculation module; 7. an average lodging index calculation module; 8. a lodging-resistant rice screening module; 9. a yield calculation module; 10. a high-yield rice screening module; 11. a rice hybridization module; 12. and (5) rice selfing module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging resistance index, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, measuring an initial vertical angle of the planted rice through an angle measuring instrument;
s102, monitoring the precipitation of the rice planting area through a precipitation monitoring program; monitoring the wind power intensity of a rice planting area through a wind power monitoring module;
s103, calculating the skew degree of the upright rice through a skew angle calculation program;
s104, calculating the lodging index of the single-plant rice subjected to severe environment through a single-plant lodging resistance index calculation program; calculating the average lodging index of the rice subjected to the severe environment by an average lodging resistance index calculation program;
s105, determining the rice with the lodging index lower than the average lodging index through a lodging-resistant rice screening program, and taking the rice as lodging-resistant rice;
s106, calculating the yield of the single-plant lodging-resistant rice through a yield calculation program; selecting high-yield rice from lodging-resistant rice through a high-yield rice screening program;
s107, hybridizing high-yield rice through a rice selfing program to obtain a hybrid rice variety; selfing the hybrid rice variety through a rice selfing program to obtain a high-yield lodging-resistant excellent variety.
As shown in fig. 2, the system for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the system comprises an initial angle calculation module 1, a precipitation monitoring module 2, a wind power monitoring module 3, a central control module 4, a skew angle calculation module 5, a single plant lodging index calculation module 6, an average lodging index calculation module 7, an lodging-resistant rice screening module 8, a yield calculation module 9, a high-yield rice screening module 10, a rice hybridization module 11 and a rice selfing module 12;
the initial angle calculation module 1 is connected with the central control module 4 and used for measuring the initial vertical angle of the planted rice through the angle measuring instrument;
the rainfall monitoring module 2 is connected with the central control module 4 and used for monitoring the rainfall of the rice planting area through a rainfall monitoring program;
the wind power monitoring module 3 is connected with the central control module 4 and used for monitoring the wind power intensity of the rice planting area through the wind power monitoring module;
the central control module 4 is connected with the initial angle calculation module 1, the rainfall monitoring module 2, the wind power monitoring module 3, the skew angle calculation module 5, the single plant lodging index calculation module 6, the average lodging index calculation module 7, the lodging-resistant rice screening module 8, the yield calculation module 9, the high-yield rice screening module 10, the rice hybridization module 11 and the rice selfing module 12 and is used for controlling the modules to normally operate through a main control computer;
the skew angle calculation module 5 is connected with the central control module 4 and is used for calculating the skew angle of the upright rice through a skew angle calculation program;
the single plant lodging index calculation module 6 is connected with the central control module 4 and used for calculating the lodging index of the single plant rice in severe environment through a single plant lodging index calculation program;
the average lodging index calculation module 7 is connected with the central control module 4 and used for calculating the average lodging index of the rice subjected to the severe environment through an average lodging index calculation program;
the lodging-resistant rice screening module 8 is connected with the central control module 4 and used for determining rice with a lodging index lower than the average lodging index through a lodging-resistant rice screening program to serve as lodging-resistant rice;
the yield calculation module 9 is connected with the central control module 4 and used for calculating the yield of the single-plant lodging-resistant rice through a yield calculation program;
the high-yield rice screening module 10 is connected with the central control module 4 and is used for selecting high-yield rice in lodging-resistant rice through a high-yield rice screening program;
the rice hybridization module 11 is connected with the central control module 4 and is used for hybridizing high-yield rice through a rice selfing procedure to obtain a hybrid rice variety;
and the rice selfing module 12 is connected with the central control module 4 and is used for selfing the hybrid rice variety through a rice selfing program to obtain a high-yield lodging-resistant excellent variety.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a method for assisting rice breeding using a lodging resistance index according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as a preferred embodiment, the method for measuring an initial standing angle of planted rice according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: fixing the horizontal moving ruler of the angle measuring instrument at a proper height H of the vertical ruler according to the height of the rice, recording the width F of the rice reaching the horizontal moving ruler, and calculating by using an arctangent function formula DEGRES (ATAN (F/H)).
Example 2
Fig. 1 shows a method for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging resistance index according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as a preferred embodiment, the method for monitoring precipitation in a rice planting area according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
(2.1) acquiring precipitation data corresponding to precipitation of the rice planting area in a first preset time period, which is acquired by using precipitation monitoring equipment, as first precipitation data;
(2.2) acquiring precipitation data corresponding to precipitation of the rice planting area observed by weather station equipment in the first preset time period as second precipitation data;
(2.3) acquiring precipitation data, observed by a Doppler weather radar, corresponding to precipitation in the rice planting area in the first preset time period, as third precipitation data;
(2.4) determining the actual precipitation of the rice planting area according to the first precipitation data, the second precipitation data and the third precipitation data;
in step (2.4), the determining the actual precipitation of the rice planting area according to the first precipitation data, the second precipitation data and the third precipitation data provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
determining a first weight corresponding to the first precipitation data, a second weight corresponding to the second precipitation data, and a third weight corresponding to the third precipitation data, wherein the first weight is greater than the second weight and the third weight; and determining the actual precipitation of the rice planting area according to the first precipitation data, the second precipitation data, the third precipitation data and the corresponding weights thereof.
Example 3
The method for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the calculation of the skewness of the vertical rice provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
s201, defining east, west, south and north directions, and respectively measuring the rice skew angles in the four directions by taking a ground plane as a horizontal line;
s202, acquiring an initial vertical angle of the planted rice, and counting the angle A, wherein A is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees;
s203, measuring the skew angle of the planted rice after the rice is subjected to severe environment through an angle measuring instrument, and counting as an angle B, wherein B is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees;
s204, calculating the inclination angle of the upright rice by using a formula (C-A-B), wherein C is the inclination angle of the upright rice;
and S205, calculating the skewness of the vertical rice through the skewness angle of the vertical rice and the initial vertical angle of the planted rice.
The method for calculating the skewness of the upright rice by the skewness angle of the upright rice and the initial upright angle of the planted rice provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
and calculating the distortion degree of the upright rice by the formula of 'a ═ C/A', wherein the 'a' is the distortion degree of the upright rice.
Example 4
The method for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the method for calculating lodging index of single-plant rice subjected to severe environment provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
s301, determining a lodging grade f according to the skewness degree of the upright rice1、f2、f3...fi；
S302, for different lodging grades f1、f2、f3......fiThe number of the rice in the rice field is counted up and respectively counted as x1、x2、x3...xi；
S303, calculating the lodging area S of the rice planting region;
s304, calculating an average voltage level I;
and S305, obtaining the lodging index through the formula L-S I.
The method for calculating the lodging area S of the rice planting area provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
the calculated average back-off level I provided by the embodiment of the invention is specifically as follows:
example 5
The method for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and as a preferred embodiment, the selfing of hybrid rice varieties provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
selecting a high-yield lodging-resistant variety as a parent, and hybridizing the high-yield rice obtained in the sixth step to obtain rice of the F1 generation; selfing the F1 rice to obtain F2 rice; the parents are distant in relationship.
Example 6
The method for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance indexes provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the method for performing high-yield rice hybridization provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
s401, sowing the high-yield rice grains obtained in the step S106;
s402, sun-drying and sterilizing before sowing; accelerating germination at constant temperature, controlling the accelerating germination temperature to be 26-30 ℃, and hardening germination for 5 hours at normal temperature;
s403, after sowing, adopting a low-arch covering film, inserting bamboo chips with the length of 5.5 feet on the seedbed every other meter to form a low arch, and then covering a white light-transmitting film;
s404, after the green leaves of the supporting needles are formed, ventilating and hardening seedlings, uncovering the film in good weather after one leaf and one core are formed, and uniformly spraying pesticide, 0.5% urea solution and organic silicon mixed solution on the leaf surfaces of the film by using an electric sprayer after the film is uncovered;
s405, adopting a water seedling raising and sparse sowing seedling strengthening mode, and controlling the seed consumption in each mu of field to be 0.75-1.0 kg;
s406, transplanting the seedlings when the seedling age is controlled to be 20-25 days; the planting depth is 2 cm, shallow planting is carried out, and a wide-row mode of expanding row spacing and reducing plant spacing is adopted; transplanting with medicine, soil and fertilizer, and inserting along with pulling, and inserting straight and stably.
The large field before transplanting provided by the embodiment of the invention is ploughed by a medium-sized machine, ploughed deeply for 35cm, irrigated and raked until no mud appears in a water layer of 3 cm.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for assisting rice breeding by using a lodging resistance index is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, measuring an initial vertical angle of the planted rice by an angle measuring instrument;
the method for measuring the initial standing angle of the planted rice comprises the following steps: fixing the horizontal moving ruler of the angle measuring instrument at a proper height H of the vertical ruler according to the height of the rice, recording the width F of the rice reaching the horizontal moving ruler, and calculating by using an arctangent function formula DEGRES (ATAN (F/H)) to obtain the vertical angle of the rice;
monitoring the precipitation of the rice planting area through a precipitation monitoring program; monitoring the wind power intensity of a rice planting area through a wind power monitoring module;
the method for monitoring the precipitation of the rice planting area comprises the following steps:
(2.1) acquiring precipitation data corresponding to precipitation of the rice planting area in a first preset time period, which is acquired by using precipitation monitoring equipment, as first precipitation data;
(2.2) acquiring precipitation data corresponding to precipitation of the rice planting area observed by weather station equipment in the first preset time period as second precipitation data;
(2.3) acquiring precipitation data, observed by a Doppler weather radar, corresponding to precipitation in the rice planting area in the first preset time period, as third precipitation data;
(2.4) determining the actual precipitation of the rice planting area according to the first precipitation data, the second precipitation data and the third precipitation data;
step three, calculating the inclination degree of the upright rice through an inclination angle calculation program;
step four, calculating the lodging index of the single-plant rice subjected to the severe environment through a single-plant lodging resistance index calculation program; calculating the average lodging index of the rice subjected to the severe environment by an average lodging resistance index calculation program;
step five, determining the rice with the lodging index lower than the average lodging index through a lodging-resistant rice screening program, and taking the rice as lodging-resistant rice;
step six, calculating the yield of the single-plant lodging-resistant rice through a yield calculation program; selecting high-yield rice from lodging-resistant rice through a high-yield rice screening program;
step seven, hybridizing high-yield rice through a rice selfing procedure to obtain a hybrid rice variety; selfing the hybrid rice variety through a rice selfing program to obtain a high-yield lodging-resistant excellent variety;
the high-yield rice hybridization method comprises the following steps:
(6.1) sowing the high-yield rice grains obtained in the sixth step;
(6.2) sun-drying seeds and sterilizing before sowing; accelerating germination at constant temperature, controlling the accelerating germination temperature to be 26-30 ℃, and hardening germination for 5 hours at normal temperature;
(6.3) after sowing, adopting a low-arch covering film, inserting bamboo chips with the length of 5.5 feet on the seedbed every other meter to form a low arch, and then covering a white light-transmitting film;
(6.4) after the green leaves are formed by the needle holding, ventilating and hardening seedlings, uncovering the film when the weather is good after one leaf and one heart, and uniformly spraying pesticide, 0.5% urea solution and organic silicon mixed solution on the leaf surfaces of the electric sprayer after uncovering the film;
(6.5) adopting a water seedling raising and sparse sowing seedling strengthening mode, and controlling the seed consumption in each mu of field to be 0.75-1.0 kg;
(6.6) transplanting when the seedling age is controlled to be 20-25 days; the planting depth is 2 cm, shallow planting is carried out, and a wide-row mode of expanding row spacing and reducing plant spacing is adopted; transplanting with medicine, soil and fertilizer, and inserting along with pulling, and inserting straight and stably.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step two, the determining the actual precipitation of the rice planting area according to the first precipitation data, the second precipitation data and the third precipitation data comprises:
determining a first weight corresponding to the first precipitation data, a second weight corresponding to the second precipitation data, and a third weight corresponding to the third precipitation data, wherein the first weight is greater than the second weight and the third weight; and determining the actual precipitation of the rice planting area according to the first precipitation data, the second precipitation data, the third precipitation data and the corresponding weights thereof.
3. The method for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step three, the method for calculating the skewness of the erect rice comprises the following steps:
(1) defining east, west, south and north directions, and taking the ground plane as a horizontal line to respectively measure the rice skew angles in the four directions;
(2) acquiring an initial vertical angle of planted rice, and counting the angle A, wherein A is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees;
(3) measuring the skew angle of the planted rice after the rice is subjected to severe environment by using an angle measuring instrument, and counting as an angle B, wherein B is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees;
(4) calculating the inclination angle of the upright rice by using a formula of 'C-B', wherein C is the inclination angle of the upright rice;
(5) and calculating the skewness of the vertical rice through the skewness angle of the vertical rice and the initial vertical angle of the planted rice.
4. The method for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step (5), the calculation of the skewness of the erect rice from the skewness angle of the erect rice and the initial erect angle of the planted rice is specifically:
and calculating the distortion degree of the upright rice by the formula of 'a ═ C/A', wherein the 'a' is the distortion degree of the upright rice.
5. The method for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the calculating of lodging index of individual rice plants subjected to harsh environment comprises:
1) determining lodging grade f according to inclination of vertical rice1、f2、f3...fi；
2) For different lodging grades f1、f2、f3......fiThe number of the rice in the rice field is counted up and respectively counted as x1、x2、x3...xi；
3) Calculating the lodging area S of the rice planting area;
4) calculating an average voltage level I;
5) the lodging index is obtained by the formula L ═ S × I.
6. The method for assisting rice breeding by using the lodging resistance index as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step 3), the calculating of the lodging area S of the rice planting region is specifically as follows:
7. the method for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance index as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step 4), the calculating average lodging grade I is specifically:
8. a method of using lodging resistance index as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step seven, the selfing of the hybrid rice variety comprises:
selecting a high-yield lodging-resistant variety as a parent, and hybridizing the high-yield rice obtained in the sixth step to obtain rice of the F1 generation; selfing the F1 rice to obtain F2 rice; the parents are distant in relationship.
9. The method for assisting rice breeding by using lodging resistance indexes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the large field is ploughed by medium-sized machinery before transplanting, deep ploughed by 35cm, irrigated and raked until the water layer of 3cm is not muddy.
10. A system for assisting rice breeding using a lodging resistance index, which implements the method for assisting rice breeding using a lodging resistance index as claimed in claims 1-9, wherein the system for assisting rice breeding using a lodging resistance index comprises:
the system comprises an initial angle calculation module, a precipitation monitoring module, a wind power monitoring module, a central control module, a skew angle calculation module, a single plant lodging index calculation module, an average lodging index calculation module, a lodging-resistant rice screening module, a yield calculation module, a high-yield rice screening module, a rice hybridization module and a rice selfing module;
the initial angle calculation module is connected with the central control module and used for measuring the initial vertical angle of the planted rice through the angle measuring instrument;
the rainfall monitoring module is connected with the central control module and used for monitoring the rainfall of the rice planting area through a rainfall monitoring program;
the wind power monitoring module is connected with the central control module and used for monitoring the wind power intensity of the rice planting area through the wind power monitoring module;
the central control module is connected with the initial angle calculation module, the precipitation monitoring module, the wind power monitoring module, the skew angle calculation module, the single plant lodging index calculation module, the average lodging index calculation module, the lodging-resistant rice screening module, the yield calculation module, the high-yield rice screening module, the rice hybridization module and the rice selfing module and is used for controlling the normal operation of each module through a main control computer;
the skew angle calculation module is connected with the central control module and is used for calculating the skew angle of the upright rice through a skew angle calculation program;
the single plant lodging index calculation module is connected with the central control module and used for calculating the lodging index of the single plant rice subjected to severe environment through a single plant lodging index calculation program;
the average lodging index calculation module is connected with the central control module and used for calculating the average lodging index of the rice subjected to the severe environment through an average lodging index calculation program;
the lodging-resistant rice screening module is connected with the central control module and used for determining rice with a lodging index lower than the average lodging index through a lodging-resistant rice screening program to serve as lodging-resistant rice;
the yield calculation module is connected with the central control module and used for calculating the yield of the single-plant lodging-resistant rice through a yield calculation program;
the high-yield rice screening module is connected with the central control module and is used for selecting high-yield rice in lodging-resistant rice through a high-yield rice screening program;
the rice hybridization module is connected with the central control module and is used for hybridizing high-yield rice through a rice selfing procedure to obtain a hybrid rice variety;
and the rice selfing module is connected with the central control module and is used for selfing the hybrid rice varieties through a rice selfing program to obtain high-yield lodging-resistant excellent varieties.
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