CN111887091B - Chinese chestnut tree crown reducing transformation method - Google Patents
Chinese chestnut tree crown reducing transformation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111887091B CN111887091B CN202010974497.2A CN202010974497A CN111887091B CN 111887091 B CN111887091 B CN 111887091B CN 202010974497 A CN202010974497 A CN 202010974497A CN 111887091 B CN111887091 B CN 111887091B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chestnut tree crown reducing transformation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting the grafted part of the Chinese chestnut to cut the stem; s2, performing multi-head grafting by a bark grafting method around the trunk cutting angle of 360 degrees; s3, mounting an umbrella-shaped shaping device above the trunk, wherein the inner side umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device keeps a certain distance with the bud at the uppermost end of the scion, and the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device exceeds the peripheral surface of the trunk of the Chinese chestnut tree by a certain distance; by means of the umbrella-shaped shaping device and the plant phototaxis principle, the newly-grown branches after the scion germination are guided to obliquely diffuse and grow towards the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device. The method can realize crown reduction of the chestnut trees, effectively reduce the management intensity of chestnuts, reduce the production cost, reduce the occurrence of production accidents and hazards of the chestnuts, change the phenomenon that branches stand upright and grow vigorously, promote the branches to grow outwards in parallel, improve the ventilation and light transmission of the trees, and promote the growth and production of the chestnuts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a shaping and crown-reducing transformation method for a large chestnut tree.
Background
In recent years, the market price of the Chinese chestnut is stable, the Chinese chestnut planting production prospect is wide, and the production and management enthusiasm of farmers is higher. The production of Chinese chestnut has become the main economic source for farmers to increase income in mountainous areas. However, the trees in the full bearing period of the chestnuts are large in height and inconvenient to manage, and particularly, climbing operation is required during pruning and harvesting, so that firstly, management labor is increased, and the production cost is increased; secondly, the danger coefficient is increased when the operation is carried out on the tree, and the falling injury accident happens occasionally, so that the management and the production safety of the Chinese chestnut are not facilitated; thirdly, the workers are mostly over 50 years old, the tree body is high and difficult to manage, the Chinese chestnut is not managed in place or basically, the 'top-tracking growth' and the great crown expansion of the Chinese chestnut tree are formed all the year round, and the problems of poor ventilation and light transmission, low yield, low quality and the like of the Chinese chestnut garden are caused. The Chinese chestnut is a kind of camptotheca acuminata, and the yield and quality of the Chinese chestnut can be obviously improved by improving the illumination condition. At present, thinning is carried out in some areas aiming at a chestnut garden with high canopy closure, although ventilation and light transmission conditions are enhanced to a certain extent, the remained chestnut trees form baldness in the inner cavity of the chestnut trees and outward movement of fruiting parts due to canopy closure and other reasons, and thus, the production situation of low-efficiency forests with low yield, poor benefit and the like is caused.
In order to solve the technical problems, crown reduction transformation needs to be carried out on the chestnut tree. However, no scientific, simple and convenient to operate and easy to master modification scheme has been proposed for reference.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a Chinese chestnut crown reduction transformation method which promotes the shaping and crown reduction of a Chinese chestnut tree by a technical means, is used for solving the technical problems of inconvenient management, poor ventilation and light transmission of the Chinese chestnut tree, over-vigorous upright growth of branches after crown reduction of the Chinese chestnut tree and the like, and achieves the purposes of simple and convenient management of the Chinese chestnut, good ventilation and light transmission, high quality and high yield of the chestnut.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a chestnut tree crown reducing transformation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting the grafted part of the Chinese chestnut to cut the stem;
s2, performing multi-head grafting by a bark grafting method around the trunk cutting angle of 360 degrees;
s3, mounting an umbrella-shaped shaping device above the trunk, wherein the inner side umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device keeps a certain distance with the bud at the uppermost end of the scion, and the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device exceeds the peripheral surface of the trunk of the Chinese chestnut tree by a certain distance; by means of the umbrella-shaped shaping device and the plant phototaxis principle, the newly-grown branches after the scion germination are guided to obliquely diffuse and grow towards the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, in step S1, when the diameter at breast height of the chestnut tree is 8-15cm, the distance between the trunk cutting position and the ground is 60-90 cm. Generally, the stem cutting position is determined according to the chest diameter of the chestnut tree; the larger the chest diameter of the chestnut tree is, the higher the distance between the trunk cutting position and the ground is; otherwise, the lower the stem position is from the ground. The thicker the chest diameter of the chestnut tree is, the more the chestnut tree can be cut off at a proper high position, and the wind resistance of the chestnut tree with an umbrella-shaped large crown can also be ensured; on the contrary, the trunk is cut at a lower position to prevent the trunk from being cut off by wind caused by the windy exposure of the umbrella-shaped big tree crown.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, after grafting, plastic cloth is repeatedly wrapped around the circumference of the trunk to wrap and fix the scion around the trunk; when the scion is wrapped and wound, the edge of the top end of the plastic cloth is 1-2cm higher than the top surface of the cut stem, so that a concave storage structure with the periphery surrounded by the plastic cloth is formed; the concave storage structure is filled with wet soil, and the wet soil is filled and then wrapped by plastic cloth to prevent the cut-dry part from being air-dried to influence scion germination.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, a layer of paper is covered on the wet soil, and then wrapped with plastic cloth.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the moist soil is moist soil having a depth of 20cm or more from the underground of the chestnut tree planting field. The Chinese chestnut trees have better adaptability by taking soil on the spot.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the umbrella-shaped shaping device may be regular or irregular, and is preferably regular in shape for stable support and installation and ensuring the consistent inclination angle of the scion newly-grown branches.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the umbrella-shaped reshaping device is circular, oval or square.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, at least one support rod is provided in the middle of the umbrella-shaped shaping device, and the support rod is fixed at the top end of the chestnut tree trunk or the outer periphery of the chestnut tree trunk. The support rod can be fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the trunk of the chestnut tree in a binding mode, or the lower end of the support rod which is relatively sharp can be directly inserted into the center of the trunk for fixing.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the inner surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device is kept 5-10cm from the top bud of the scion (to avoid crushing the top bud of the scion to make the top bud unable to grow), and the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device is 10-30cm beyond the peripheral surface of the chestnut tree trunk (to guide the scion to diffuse and grow to the outside of the edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device like an opened petal by using the plant phototaxis principle).
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the distance between the umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device and the uppermost end bud (or the top of the cut stem) of the scion is adjustable; specifically, the supporting rod of the umbrella-shaped shaping device is a telescopic rod. The aim of adjusting the inclination angle of the newly grown branches can be achieved by adjusting the distance between the umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device and the bud at the uppermost end of the scion, namely the opening degree of the newly grown branches of the scion can be adjusted.
(III) advantageous effects
The method of the invention has the following advantages: 1. the crown of the chestnut tree is reduced, the management intensity of chestnuts can be effectively reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the production accidents and hazards of chestnuts are reduced. 2. Soil after grafting can effectively preserve moisture, and the phenomenon that the air drying of the grafting position of the cut stem damages the growth of the scion is avoided. 3. The umbrella-shaped shaping device can improve the phenomenon that branches stand upright and grow vigorously, promote the branches to grow outwards in parallel, effectively enhance the open-heart effect, improve the ventilation and light transmission of trees, and promote the growth and production of Chinese chestnuts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an operation schematic diagram of step S1 of the chestnut tree crown reduction transformation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic operation diagram of step S2 of the chestnut tree crown-reducing transformation method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic operation diagram of step S3 of the chestnut tree crown-reducing transformation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a chestnut tree crown reducing transformation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting the grafted part of the Chinese chestnut to cut the stem;
s2, performing multi-head grafting by a bark grafting method around the trunk cutting angle of 360 degrees;
s3, mounting an umbrella-shaped shaping device above the trunk, wherein the inner side umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device keeps a certain distance with the bud at the uppermost end of the scion, and the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device exceeds the peripheral surface of the trunk of the Chinese chestnut tree by a certain distance; by means of the umbrella-shaped shaping device and the plant phototaxis principle, the newly-grown branches after the scion germination are guided to obliquely diffuse and grow towards the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device.
Referring to fig. 1, the operation of step S1 is shown. The grafting part of the chestnut tree trunk 1 is determined according to the chest diameter of the chestnut tree, the chest diameter of the chestnut tree trunk 1 is 8-15cm, and the head is blocked at a position 60-90cm away from the ground preferably.
Referring to fig. 2, the operation of step S2 is shown. And (3) grafting a plurality of scions 2 at multiple points around the trunk cutting direction by a bark grafting method in a 360-degree direction around the trunk cutting position, and wrapping the scions 2 with plastic cloth 3 after grafting, wherein the distance between the scions 2 and the top surface of the trunk cutting position is 3-5 cm. When the scion is wrapped and wound by the plastic cloth 3, the top end edge of the plastic cloth 3 is 1-2cm higher than the top surface of the cut stem, so that a concave storage structure with the plastic cloth 3 as a middle recess of a surrounding and blocking wall is formed, wet soil at the position 20cm deep below the planting place of the chestnut tree is dug and filled in the concave storage structure, the upper part of the wet soil is covered by newspaper, and finally the plastic cloth is wrapped, so that the cut stem grafting position is prevented from being air-dried and damaging the growth of the scion 2.
Referring to fig. 3, the operation of step S3 is shown. After grafting, an umbrella-shaped shaping device 4 is arranged above the trunk. The inner umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4 and the bud at the uppermost end of the scion 2 are kept at 5-10cm, so that the bud at the uppermost end of the scion is prevented from being crushed and can not grow. Meanwhile, the area of the umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4 is larger than the sectional area of the chestnut tree trunk 1, so that the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4 exceeds the peripheral surface of the chestnut tree trunk 1 by about 10-30 cm.
After the work is finished, the new branches 5 after the scion 2 germinates are guided to tilt to spread and grow in a petal type which is opened towards the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4 by means of the shielding effect of the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4 and the plant phototaxis principle.
The invention mainly adopts the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4 and the phototaxis of the plant to change the growth direction of the scion branches and promote the new branches 5 to grow outwards along the device, and according to the preset angle arranged by the umbrella-shaped device, the branches can reach an ideal opening angle, so that the branches grow vigorously and slowly, the formation of Chinese chestnut flower buds is promoted, and the aim of simple shaping is fulfilled.
The method of the invention has the following advantages: (1) the crown of the chestnut tree is reduced, the management intensity of chestnuts can be effectively reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the production accidents and hazards of chestnuts are reduced. (2) Soil after grafting can effectively preserve moisture, and the phenomenon that the air drying of the grafting position of the cut stem damages the growth of the scion is avoided. (3) By using the umbrella-shaped shaping device, the upright and vigorous growth of branches can be changed, the parallel outward growth of the branches is promoted, the open-heart effect can be effectively enhanced, the ventilation and light transmission of trees are improved, and the growth and production of Chinese chestnuts are promoted.
The umbrella surface shape of the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4 may be a regular shape or an irregular shape. In order to facilitate stable support and installation and ensure the consistent inclination angle of the scion new branches, the scion new branches are preferably regular shapes, such as circular (circular umbrella surface as shown in fig. 3) or square centrosymmetric shapes.
The umbrella-shaped reshaping device 4 can be fixed above the trunk by any one of the following modes:
first, a vertical support rod (41 shown in fig. 3) is provided at the center of the umbrella-shaped trimming device 4, and the lower end of the support rod is a thin and sharp metal piece and is directly inserted into the middle of the top surface of the trunk 1.
Secondly, in order to avoid injuring the trunk (especially when scraping strong wind), two or more vertical support rods are symmetrically arranged below the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4, extend to the position below the trunk cutting position, and are tied around the trunk 1 by ropes.
Thirdly, two or more long vertical support rods are symmetrically arranged below the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4, and the long vertical support rods can extend to the ground and are directly inserted into the soil around the chestnut tree trunk 1.
Furthermore, the distance between the umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4 and the bud (or the top surface of the trunk) at the uppermost end of the scion is adjustable; specifically, each vertical support rod of the umbrella-shaped shaping device is a telescopic rod, and the distance between the umbrella surface and the bud at the uppermost end of the scion can be adjusted, so that the inclination angle of the growth of the new branches 5 or the opening degree of the tree crowns formed by the new branches can be adjusted. Or the area of the umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device 4 can be replaced or adjusted, and the inclination angle of the newly grown branches 5 or the opening degree of the tree crowns formed by the newly grown branches can also be adjusted.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A chestnut tree crown reducing transformation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting the grafted part of the Chinese chestnut to cut the stem; when the diameter of the chest of the chestnut tree is 8-15cm, the distance between the trunk cutting position and the ground is 60-90 cm;
s2, performing multi-head grafting by a bark grafting method around the trunk cutting angle of 360 degrees;
s3, installing an umbrella-shaped shaping device above the trunk, wherein the inner side umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device keeps a certain distance with the bud at the uppermost end of the scion, the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device exceeds the peripheral surface of the trunk of the Chinese chestnut tree by 10-30cm, and the area of the umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device is larger than the sectional area of the trunk of the Chinese chestnut tree; by means of the umbrella-shaped shaping device and the plant phototaxis principle, the newly-grown branches after scion germination are guided to obliquely spread and grow towards the opened petals at the peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped shaping device;
the middle of the umbrella-shaped shaping device is provided with at least one supporting rod, the supporting rod is fixed at the top end of the cut trunk of the chestnut tree or the peripheral surface of the trunk of the chestnut tree, and the supporting rod is a telescopic rod piece.
2. The chestnut tree crown-reducing transformation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, after grafting, scion wrapping and fixing around the cut stem is performed by repeatedly wrapping plastic cloth around the periphery of the cut stem; when the scion is wrapped and wound, the edge of the top end of the plastic cloth is 1-2cm higher than the top surface of the cut stem, so that a concave storage structure with the periphery surrounded by the plastic cloth is formed; the concave storage structure is filled with wet soil, and the wet soil is filled and then wrapped by plastic cloth to prevent the cut-dry part from being air-dried to influence scion germination.
3. The chestnut tree crown-reducing transformation method according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, a layer of paper is covered on the wet soil, and then the wet soil is wrapped with plastic cloth.
4. The chestnut tree crown-reducing transformation method according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the moist soil is moist soil with an underground depth of not less than 20cm from a planting site of chestnut trees.
5. The method for improving canopy reduction of chestnut tree according to claim 1, wherein the umbrella-shaped shaping device has a regular shape or an irregular shape in step S3.
6. The chestnut tree crown-reducing transformation method according to claim 5, wherein in step S3, the umbrella-shaped shaping device is circular, elliptical or square.
7. The chestnut tree crown-reducing transformation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the inner umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device and the uppermost bud of the scion are kept at 5-10 cm.
8. The chestnut tree crown-reducing transformation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the distance between the umbrella surface of the umbrella-shaped shaping device and the bud at the uppermost end of the scion is adjustable.
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| JP4877111B2 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2012-02-15 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | Plant lighting equipment |
| CN104584968B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2017-02-22 | 迁西县板栗产业研究发展中心 | Grafting method for rejuvenation of aged Chinese chestnut trees |
| CN108293582A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-07-20 | 肥东县丰宝灵芝种植有限公司 | A kind of production method of modeled lucid ganoderma |
| CN107908198B (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2020-11-03 | 福建农林大学 | Illumination shaping guide system and method for plant bonsai |
| CN108307829A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-07-24 | 河北润丰林业科技有限公司 | A kind of stock stays branch shade to promote grafting survival method |
| CN108935048B (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-11-13 | 湖南大匠农业科技有限公司 | Strawberry soilless culture method and culture rack |
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