CN111885928A - 包含A2 β-酪蛋白和植物性脂肪混合物的组合物 - Google Patents
包含A2 β-酪蛋白和植物性脂肪混合物的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111885928A CN111885928A CN201880086552.5A CN201880086552A CN111885928A CN 111885928 A CN111885928 A CN 111885928A CN 201880086552 A CN201880086552 A CN 201880086552A CN 111885928 A CN111885928 A CN 111885928A
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含A2β‑酪蛋白和脂肪混合物的组合物。本发明进一步涉及该组合物在用于治疗胃肠道失调中的用途。本发明的组合物可以例如以干粉末或液体的形式用于生产婴幼儿营养品用乳制品,例如婴儿配方食品或临床营养品。
Description
本发明涉及包含A2β-酪蛋白和脂肪混合物的组合物。本发明进一步涉及该组合物在治疗胃肠道失调中的用途。本发明的组合物可以例如以干粉末或液体的形式用于生产婴幼儿营养品用乳制品,例如婴儿配方食品或临床营养品。
乳汁是幼年哺乳动物在其能够消化其他类型食物之前的主要营养源。几个世纪以来,普通乳汁和乳制品已成为我们营养饮食的一部分,在全球拥有60亿消费者。但是,乳汁的保健作用取决于所食用的乳制品的类型以及生产该制品的动物的品种(例如牛或山羊)。
乳汁是一种在水基液体中包含脂肪球的乳状液,该水基液体包含溶解的碳水化合物和蛋白质与矿物质的聚集体。这些脂肪球由三酰基甘油组成,并被膜磷脂和蛋白质包围。此外,在乳汁的乳脂肪部分中,发现了维生素(例如维生素A、D、E和K)以及脂肪酸(例如亚油酸和亚麻酸)。乳汁含有几种不同的碳水化合物,包括乳糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和其他寡糖。
普通牛乳包含约3.5重量%的总蛋白质,其中酪蛋白代表乳汁中最大的一类蛋白质,约占总蛋白质含量的80%。乳汁中有四种不同类型的酪蛋白:αs1-酪蛋白、αs2-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白和κ-酪蛋白。β-酪蛋白以至少13种不同形式存在,其中β-酪蛋白的两种最常见形式是A1β-酪蛋白和A2β-酪蛋白。
A1奶和A2奶含有不同类型的β-酪蛋白。普通牛乳中同时含有A1β-酪蛋白和A2β-酪蛋白,而A2奶主要由A2β-酪蛋白变体而非A1β-酪蛋白变体组成。 A2奶包含β-酪蛋白,其中所有亚型在从组氨酸(H)到脯氨酸(P)的第67位氨基酸上具有点突变,包括但不限于β-酪蛋白的A2-亚型、A3-亚型、D-亚型、 E-亚型、I-H2-亚型。A1β-酪蛋白被认为是过敏、乳糖不耐症、肠道炎症和不适的原因。据信这是由被称为β-酪啡肽-7(BCM7)的肽引起的,该肽在肠/胃中由A1β-酪蛋白而非由A2β-酪蛋白消化而来。例如,已经显示,与普通牛乳相比,山羊乳或骆驼乳缺乏A1β-酪蛋白或包含较少的A1β-酪蛋白,致敏性较低。 BCM-7不仅从普通乳汁中释放,而且还从酸奶和奶酪等其他乳制品中释放。
据信,所谓的“A2奶”比普通乳汁更健康,并据称具有若干保健益处。据信 A2奶对I型糖尿病、冠心病、精神分裂症、自闭症和乳糖不耐症具有有益作用。尽管尚未确定明确的因果关系。可以使用替代乳汁来代替A2奶,例如在大多数情况下包含(但并非必须)低水平的A1酪蛋白的山羊乳或骆驼乳、或豆乳。然而,在后一种情况下,已知大豆蛋白也被视为过敏原。
此外,当前的乳制品和婴儿配方食品经常导致消化性问题和不适感。当前,减少例如婴儿的不适感或减少与乳制品的消化性有关的(在过敏方面)问题的解决方案之一是提供基于水解乳蛋白的配方食品。但是,水解乳清制品具有苦味明显的缺点,使得它们不太适合用于婴儿配方食品中。用含(深度)水解的蛋白质的配方食品喂养的婴儿在以后的生活中经常遇到严重的问题:进食困难、对某些食物/口味非常挑剔等。此外,在乳制品(如婴儿配方食品)中使用深度水解的蛋白质也是不太理想的,因为它们的使用大大增加了肠道的渗透压,从而可能增加渗透性腹泻的可能性。
考虑到上述情况,本领域中需要具有改善的消化性并导致食用后的不适感减少的乳制品。此外,本领域中需要导致过敏反应减少或免疫反应改善的乳制品。
除了其他目的,本发明的一个目的是解决本领域中的上述需求。除其他目的外,本发明的目的由所附权利要求书中概述的本发明来满足。
具体地,根据第一方面,除了其他目的,上述目的由本发明通过包含A2β- 酪蛋白和脂肪混合物的组合物来满足,其中所述脂肪混合物包含甘油三酯,并且其中所述甘油三酯包含饱和脂肪酸残基。涉及A2β-酪蛋白或甘油三酯的已知制品或通常用于婴儿营养品的成分专注于减轻特定组分的一种不利作用。本发明的化合物结合了A2β-酪蛋白和甘油三酯,以在食用包含本发明的组合物的食品(例如乳制品)后获得在改善消化率和减少的不适感上的协同作用。
棕榈酸(也称为十六烷酸)(C15H31COOH)和硬脂酸(C17H35COOH)是在动物、植物和微生物中发现的最常见的饱和脂肪酸。硬脂酸是继棕榈酸之后在自然界中发现的最常见的饱和脂肪酸之一。在牛乳中存在的甘油三酯中,棕榈酸(C16:0)和硬脂酸(C18:0)在sn-1/sn-3(约35%和10%)和sn-2位置(约 30%和10%)之间均匀分布。与在sn-1和sn-3位的含量(分别约16%和15%) 相比,人乳中存在的甘油三酯含有的占据sn-2位的棕榈酸较多(约60%),硬脂酸较少(约5%)。
根据优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中所述饱和脂肪酸残基的35 重量%至80重量%、优选40重量%至70重量%、最优选45重量%至65重量%位于甘油三酯的sn-2位。在甘油三酯的sn-2位存在饱和脂肪酸是优选的,因为它导致肠道健康、肠道细菌健康、大便较软、哭泣较少、改善睡眠、脂肪吸收、钙摄取和骨骼强健。另一方面,包含饱和脂肪酸主要连接在sn-1和sn-3位上的脂肪相的食品可能引起一些问题,例如:不溶性皂的形成、便秘、抽筋、哭闹时间较长、睡眠周期短、脂肪酸摄入减少、矿物质(例如钙和镁)摄入减少、婴儿成长受阻、以及骨矿物质密度和骨矿物质浓度降低,并因此骨骼强度降低。
根据另一种优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中位于甘油三酯的sn-2 位的饱和脂肪酸残基的链长为8至26个碳原子,优选为10至24个碳原子,最优选为12至20个碳原子。
根据优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中位于甘油三酯的sn-2位的饱和脂肪酸残基的链长为C16或C18,优选为C16。已经表明,长度为C16和 C18的脂肪酸残基导致在这种甘油三酯的消化期间钙皂的形成显著减少,并且因此导致不利作用(即食用后的不适感)较少。
根据优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中所述甘油三酯包括选自由以下组成的组中的至少一种甘油三酯:OXO、OXC、OXCa、OXLa、OXM、OXP、 OXPa、OXL、OXLn、OXcL、OXG、OXS、OXA、OXE、OXD、XXL、XXLn、 XXcL、XXG、XXS、XXA、XXE、XXD、XXX、CXC、CXCa、CXLa、CXM、CaXCa、CaXLa、CaXM、LaXLa、LaXM、MXM、LXL、LXLn、LXcL、LXG、 LnXLn、LnXcL、LnXG、cLXcL、cLXG、GXG、AXA、AXE、AXD、EXE、 EXD和DXD,优选OXO,最优选OPO,其中,X是链长为8至26个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸。C为辛酸,Ca为癸酸,La为月桂酸,M为肉豆蔻酸,P为棕榈酸, Pa为棕榈油酸,S为硬脂酸,O为油酸,L为亚油酸,Ln为α-亚麻酸,cL为共轭亚油酸,G为γ-亚麻酸,A为花生四烯酸,E为二十碳五烯酸,D为二十二碳六烯酸。
优选地,本发明的组合物包含至少两种甘油三酯的组合,其中链长为8至 26个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸主要结合至甘油三酯分子的sn-2位,所述甘油三酯分子选自包括OCO、OCaO、OLaO、OMO、OPO、OPaO和OSO的组。
更优选地,本发明的组合物包含至少一种甘油三酯,所述甘油三酯在sn-1 和sn-3位具有链长为18个碳原子的一个或两个不饱和脂肪酸,所述不饱和脂肪酸选自包括亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸和共轭亚油酸(cL)的组,后者包括cL- 异构体顺式-9、反式-11共轭亚油酸。
甚至更优选地,本发明的组合物包含至少一种甘油三酯,所述甘油三酯在 sn-1和sn-3位具有链长为8至12个碳原子的一个或两个中链脂肪酸,其中所述一个或两个中链脂肪酸选自由辛酸、癸酸和月桂酸组成的组。
最优选地,本发明的组合物包含至少一种甘油三酯,所述甘油三酯在sn-1 和sn-3位具有链长为至少20个碳原子的长链多不饱和脂肪酸,其中所述长链多不饱和脂肪酸选自由花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸组成的组。
人母乳的几个关键益处取决于特殊的脂肪/甘油三酯结构,即油酸-棕榈酸- 油酸(OPO)脂肪。OPO脂肪是在甘油三酯的中间位置或sn-2位中特别富含棕榈酸的甘油三酯。已开发出OPO脂肪,不仅模拟人乳中的脂肪酸组成,其还模拟人乳中甘油三酯的独特结构。在人乳中,棕榈酸存在于在其他类型的脂肪中极为罕见的独特结构中。这种特殊的OPO脂肪结构被称为sn-2棕榈酸酯,具有很高比例(70%-75%)的结合在甘油三酯的第二个位置(中间位置或sn-2位) 的棕榈酸。因此,OPO脂肪也称为高2-棕榈酸植物性脂肪、β-棕榈酸酯或高sn-2 脂肪。已显示人乳脂肪中棕榈酸和其他长链饱和脂肪酸在sn-2位上的特殊定位增强脂肪吸收并最大程度地减少钙排泄。与标准棕榈油精脂肪结构(POP而非 OPO)相比,OPO结构显著减少消化过程中钙皂在肠道内的形成。除1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)外,人乳中还发现了多种甘油三酯,其中长链饱和脂肪酸位于甘油三酯的sn-2位,包括OLaLa、MMLa、MLaM、LLaO、OMLa、 OLaM、PMLa、MPLa、OLaO、OMO、OPLa、OLaP、MPL、PML、SMM、 MSM、MPLn、PMLn、OPL、OPLn、PPL、PPM、PMP、MPM、PPO、OPS、 OSP、OSO。
根据又另一种优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中位于sn-2位的饱和脂肪酸残基是棕榈酸残基。
根据另一种优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中基于存在于脂肪混合物中的甘油三酯的总重量,甘油三酯包含至少10重量%、更优选至少20重量%、最优选至少40重量%的1,3-二油酸2-棕榈酸甘油三酯。
根据优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中基于组合物的总重量,所述A2β-酪蛋白在组合物中以0.1重量%至15重量%,优选0.25重量%至12重量%,最优选0.5重量%至10重量%存在。在这些范围内,提供了均衡的营养组合物,特别是当该组合物作为小婴儿用乳制品而应用时。在上述选定范围内的包含A2β-酪蛋白的组合物确保最佳的蛋白质质量以及营养充足的氨基酸组成。此外,该组合物提供适量的蛋白质,使得营养不良或过量喂养的变化最小化。
优选地,本发明组合物中的A2β-酪蛋白来源于哺乳动物乳汁,其中所述哺乳动物乳汁来自产生的乳汁中A1酪蛋白浓度低(至多20重量%)的哺乳动物。哺乳动物乳汁包括从奶牛、山羊、绵羊、驴、水牛、骆驼、牦牛和马中获得的乳汁。
根据另一种优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中基于组合物的总重量,所述组合物还包含至多20重量%、优选至多10重量%、更优选至多1重量%的A1β-酪蛋白。在本发明的组合物中,A1β-酪蛋白在组合物中优选地尽可能低,优选地不存在。
根据又另一种优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中基于组合物的总重量,所述组合物的总蛋白含量为5重量%至40重量%,优选为7.5重量%至 30重量%。
根据优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中基于组合物的总重量,所述组合物的总脂肪含量为10重量%至40重量%,优选为15重量%至30重量%,其中所述总脂肪含量的至少35重量%、优选至少45重量%、最优选至少55重量%由油酸-棕榈酸-油酸(OPO)脂肪组成。
根据又另一种优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中所述脂肪混合物还包含奶牛乳脂肪,其中基于脂肪混合物的总脂肪含量,所述奶牛乳脂肪占2 重量%至70重量%,优选15重量%至65重量%,更优选20重量%至60重量%。
根据另一种优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中所述组合物还包含至多0.05重量%的乳糖。例如,该组合物可以不含乳糖。例如,包含本发明的组合物的乳制品可以是不含乳糖的A2 OPO乳婴儿配方食品。此外,本发明的组合物可以包含浓度为至多2.5mg/100kJ或至多0.05重量%的乳糖。这样的制品将减少关于消化性的问题,并且如通过本发明婴儿配方食品所发现的,导致食用后不适感减少,并使其完全适合乳糖不耐症的婴儿。
根据又另一种优选的实施方式,本发明涉及组合物,其中所述组合物还包含水解乳清蛋白。当将本发明的组合物进一步与水解乳清蛋白组合时,包含该组合物的食品的消化将通过在胃消化过程中形成甚至较软的凝乳状物而得到进一步改善,从而改善食用时的舒适度。
根据第二方面,本发明涉及用于治疗胃肠道失调的用途的组合物。胃肠道失调选自由乳糖不耐症、腹泻、渗透性腹泻、炎性肠病、胃肠漏、肠易激综合征、便秘和反流组成的组。此外,本发明的组合物可以改善骨骼健康、营养吸收,增强免疫反应,支持大脑发育,增强认知功能,易于消化并改善肠道菌群的平衡(即改善肠道有益菌群的定殖性、肠道健康菌群组成)。肠道菌群具有许多重要功能,包括防止病原体以及调节炎症和免疫反应。
根据另一方面,本发明涉及用于治疗脑疾病或增强脑功能的用途的组合物。
根据另一方面,本发明涉及用于治疗骨疾病的用途的组合物。
根据另一方面,本发明涉及用于食品组合物或乳制品的用途的组合物。所述食品组合物或乳制品优选为干粉末或液体,其中所述乳制品选自由婴儿配方食品、后续配方食品、成长乳、用于早产婴儿和低体重足月产婴儿的配方食品、孕期营养品、老年人营养品、运动和功能营养品、恢复营养品和临床营养品组成的组,优选婴儿配方食品。
食品组合物或乳制品主要用于婴幼儿营养品,可能包括足月婴儿的婴儿配方食品(0至6个月)、后续配方食品(6至12个月)、成长乳(1至3岁)、用于(低体重)早产婴儿的特殊配方食品、用于患有乳糖不耐症的婴儿和儿童的特殊配方食品(无乳糖)和用于消化健康的特殊配方。可以为有特定需求的消费者群体设想其他制品,不限于用于业余和职业运动员的功能营养品、孕期营养品、老年人营养品和临床营养品。这样的制品通常以速溶粉末提供,在食用前要溶于温水中。例如,通过将组合物的干粉末溶解在水中,可以获得基于本发明的组合物的液态乳配方食品。食品组合物或乳制品也可以是包装在无菌包装(例如无菌袋或无菌瓶)中的即食液体制剂。作为可替代的方案,经过消毒的即饮配方食品(以液体形式出售)是另一种可能的乳制品形式。
Claims (20)
1.包含A2β-酪蛋白和脂肪混合物的组合物,其中所述脂肪混合物包含甘油三酯,并且其中所述甘油三酯包含饱和脂肪酸残基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述饱和脂肪酸残基的35重量%至80重量%、优选40重量%至70重量%、最优选45重量%至65重量%位于甘油三酯的sn-2位。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其特征在于,位于甘油三酯的sn-2位的饱和脂肪酸残基的链长为8至26个碳原子,优选为10至24个碳原子,最优选为12至20个碳原子。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,位于甘油三酯的sn-2位的饱和脂肪酸残基的链长为C16或C18,优选为C16。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述甘油三酯包括选自由以下组成的组中的至少一种甘油三酯:OXO、OXC、OXCa、OXLa、OXM、OXP、OXPa、OXL、OXLn、OXcL、OXG、OXS、OXA、OXE、OXD、XXL、XXLn、XXcL、XXG、XXS、XXA、XXE、XXD、XXX、CXC、CXCa、CXLa、CXM、CaXCa、CaXLa、CaXM、LaXLa、LaXM、MXM、LXL、LXLn、LXcL、LXG、LnXLn、LnXcL、LnXG、cLXcL、cLXG、GXG、AXA、AXE、AXD、EXE、EXD和DXD,优选OXO,最优选OPO,其中,
X是链长为8至26个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸,
C为辛酸,
Ca为癸酸,
La为月桂酸,
M为肉豆蔻酸,
P为棕榈酸,
Pa为棕榈油酸,
S为硬脂酸,
O为油酸,
L为亚油酸,
Ln为α-亚麻酸,
cL为共轭亚油酸,
G为γ-亚麻酸,
A为花生四烯酸,
E为二十碳五烯酸,
D为二十二碳六烯酸。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,位于sn-2位的所述饱和脂肪酸残基是棕榈酸残基。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,基于存在于所述脂肪混合物中的所述甘油三酯的总重量,所述甘油三酯包含至少10重量%、更优选至少20重量%、最优选至少40重量%的1,3-二油酸2-棕榈酸甘油三酯。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,基于所述组合物的总重量,所述A2β-酪蛋白在所述组合物中以0.1重量%至15重量%,优选0.25重量%至12重量%,最优选0.5重量%至10重量%存在。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,基于所述组合物的总重量,所述组合物还包含至多20重量%、优选至多10重量%、更优选至多1重量%的A1β-酪蛋白。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,基于所述组合物的总重量,所述组合物的总蛋白含量为5重量%至40重量%,优选为7.5重量%至30重量%。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,基于所述组合物的总重量,所述组合物的总脂肪含量为10重量%至40重量%,优选为15重量%至30重量%,其中至少35重量%、优选至少45重量%、最优选至少55重量%的所述总脂肪含量由油酸-棕榈酸-油酸(OPO)脂肪组成。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述脂肪混合物还包含奶牛乳脂肪,其中基于所述脂肪混合物的总脂肪含量,所述奶牛乳脂肪占2重量%至70重量%,优选15重量%至65重量%,更优选20重量%至60重量%。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物还包含至多0.05重量%的乳糖。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物还包含水解乳清蛋白。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的组合物用于治疗胃肠道失调的用途。
16.用于根据权利要求15所述的用途的组合物,其特征在于,所述胃肠道失调选自由乳糖不耐症、腹泻、渗透性腹泻、炎性肠病、胃肠漏、肠易激综合征、便秘和反流组成的组。
17.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的组合物在用于治疗脑病或增强脑功能中的用途。
18.根据权利要求1至14中任一项的组合物在用于治疗骨疾病中的用途。
19.根据权利要求1至14中任一项的组合物在用于食品组合物或乳制品中的用途。
20.根据权利要求19所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述食品组合物或乳制品为干粉末或液体,其中所述制品选自由婴儿配方食品、后续配方食品、成长乳、用于早产婴儿和低体重足月产婴儿的配方食品、孕期营养品、老年人营养品、运动和功能营养品、恢复营养品和临床营养品组成的组,优选婴儿配方食品。
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