CN111848271A - Method for efficiently producing organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for efficiently producing organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111848271A CN111848271A CN202010584081.XA CN202010584081A CN111848271A CN 111848271 A CN111848271 A CN 111848271A CN 202010584081 A CN202010584081 A CN 202010584081A CN 111848271 A CN111848271 A CN 111848271A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a method for efficiently producing an organic fertilizer, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing straw powder, a penetrating agent, ethanol and excrement, then carrying out steam explosion to obtain the excrement subjected to steam explosion, then adding a microbial strain and introducing oxygen to carry out decomposition, and then carrying out centrifugal separation on the obtained decomposed excrement, wherein decomposed filtrate is used for adjusting the water content of the decomposed excrement, and the solid decomposed excrement is mixed with the microbial strain, a nutrient, an auxiliary material and a binder and granulated to obtain the granular organic fertilizer. According to the method provided by the invention, the decomposition efficiency of the materials is greatly improved by utilizing steam explosion, the production period of the organic fertilizer is shortened, meanwhile, the aerobic bacteria activity is improved by constant temperature, oxygen introduction and decomposed filtrate spraying in the decomposition process, and meanwhile, the excrement is loosened by slowly turning over the excrement, so that the contact between the excrement and the oxygen is increased, the decomposition of the excrement is accelerated, the production period of the organic fertilizer is shortened, and the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a method for efficiently producing an organic fertilizer.
Background
The organic fertilizer is mainly derived from plants and/or animals, and is a carbon-containing material which is applied to soil to provide plant nutrition as a main function. Is prepared from biological substances, animal and plant wastes and plant residues, eliminates toxic and harmful substances in the biological substances, and is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, including: various organic acids, peptides and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The organic fertilizer not only can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, promote microbial propagation, improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of soil, and is a main nutrient for green food production.
At present, pollution-free, safe and high-quality green food is increasingly popular with people. Although the price of the green food is 50-200% higher than that of the common food, the green food still is pretty. In the last decade, the living standard of Chinese people is rapidly improved, the demand for green food is increasingly increased, and the production development of the Chinese green food is fast due to the advocation and attention of government departments. In the "basic standards of organic agriculture and food processing", there are regulations concerning the use of fertilizers, the main points of which are "enhancement of natural systems and biological recycling, return of sufficient organic matter to the soil for maintaining and increasing soil organic matter, soil fertility and soil bioactivity", "inorganic fertilizers are only considered as supplements rather than substitutes for nutrient recycling", "use of chemically synthesized fertilizers and chemically synthesized growth regulators must be limited to the extent that they do not have adverse consequences on the environment and crop quality, and do not allow toxic residues of crop products to accumulate to the extent that they affect human health". These regulations indicate that great care must be taken to preserve a good ecological environment in the production of green foods, that the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers must be limited, and that organic fertilizers are the main fertilizer source for the production of green foods. Therefore, the production of organic fertilizers is receiving more and more attention.
The production process of the organic fertilizer mainly comprises airing, stacking, fermenting, screening, granulating and packaging, and then the organic fertilizer product is obtained, wherein the airing is to kill harmful substances such as worm eggs and the like in the organic fertilizer, so that secondary pollution to soil is avoided, but the organic fertilizer is caused to have fertility loss; the stacking and fermentation are to convert the biomass in the organic fertilizer into effective biomass components of crops through microbial activities; in the whole production process, the airing, stacking and fermentation are long in duration, the production is difficult to continue, and the production period of the whole organic fertilizer is prolonged. The improvement of the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer is the key of the development and the application of the organic fertilizer.
Chinese patent application No. 201711499999.9 discloses an amino acid microbial organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: the amino acid microbial organic fertilizer is prepared by preparing a compound amino acid aqueous solution, preparing fermentation powder, preparing organic compost, preparing a microbial agent and preparing an amino acid microbial organic fertilizer, and the amino acid microbial organic fertilizer is easier to absorb after being combined with amino acid as a fertilizer, so that the organic fertilizer can be provided when the amino acid is provided, the survival rate of microorganisms can be improved, and the effectiveness of the amino acid and the living environment of the microorganisms are ensured in the low-temperature production process. The Chinese patent application No. 201610320579.9 discloses a method for producing organic fertilizer by fermenting livestock and poultry manure. Inoculating a composite microbial strain consisting of aerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria into a culture medium consisting of livestock and poultry manure, organic waste and auxiliaries, mixing the materials, stacking and fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 15-70 ℃, granulating the fermentation product, stacking and fermenting ventilated particles when the water content of the material is 30-40%, and forming the granular organic fertilizer when the water content of the material is reduced to below 20%. The method inevitably needs to treat the organic fertilizer in the organic preparation process, so that the production period of the fertilizer is long and the production process is intermittent.
In order to improve the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer and promote the development and application of the organic fertilizer, a novel organic fertilizer production method is necessary to be provided, and the purpose of efficiently producing the organic fertilizer is further realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of long production period and low production efficiency of the conventional organic fertilizer, the invention provides a method for efficiently producing the organic fertilizer, so that the decomposition of excrement in the production of the organic fertilizer is accelerated, the production period of the organic fertilizer is shortened, and the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer is improved.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for efficiently producing an organic fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing straw powder, a penetrating agent, ethanol and excrement, then carrying out steam explosion to obtain steam exploded excrement, then adding a microbial strain and introducing oxygen to decompose, then carrying out centrifugal separation on the obtained decomposed excrement, wherein decomposed filtrate is used for adjusting the water content of the decomposed excrement, and mixing and aggregating solid decomposed excrement with the microbial strain, a nutrient, an auxiliary material and a binder to obtain the granular organic fertilizer. The specific production method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding straw powder into the excrement to adjust the water content, then adding a penetrating agent and ethanol, uniformly stirring, then adding the mixed material into a steam explosion tank for steam explosion, and discharging to obtain the excrement after steam explosion;
(2) Adding the feces after steam explosion into a horizontal decomposition tank, adding microbial strains, adjusting the water content of the feces by spraying decomposed filtrate, introducing oxygen to keep oxygen content, and turning over the feces by opening a stirring rod to obtain decomposed feces;
(3) centrifugally separating the decomposed excrement to obtain solid decomposed excrement and decomposed filtrate, wherein the decomposed filtrate is circularly used for adjusting the water content of the excrement in the preparation of the decomposed excrement, and the solid decomposed excrement is used for preparing an organic fertilizer;
(4) adding microbial strains and a nutrient into the solid decomposed excrement, uniformly mixing, adding into a disc granulator for granulating, spraying auxiliary materials after organic fertilizer particles are formed, spraying a binder, and continuously granulating to obtain granular organic fertilizer, so that the efficient production of the organic fertilizer is realized.
Preferably, the straw powder in the step (1) is one or a combination of more than two of corn straw, rice straw and sorghum straw obtained by sieving through a 100-mesh sieve.
Preferably, the manure in the step (1) is one or a combination of more than two of pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure and human manure.
Preferably, the penetrating agent in the step (1) is one of sodium hexadecyl sulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether.
Preferably, the steam explosion in step (1) has the following process conditions: introducing steam at the speed of 60-80mL/min, adjusting the pressure in the steam explosion tank to 4.3-5MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10-15min, and then opening a valve at the bottom of the steam explosion tank instantaneously to perform steam explosion.
Preferably, in the preparation of the feces after steam explosion in the step (1), the water content of the feces is adjusted to 10-15% after the straw powder is added, the addition amount of the penetrating agent is 5-10 per mill of the mixed material, and the addition amount of the ethanol is 5-10% of the mixed material.
Preferably, the stirring rod of the horizontal decomposing tank in the step (2) is of a porous and air-permeable structure.
Further preferably, the decomposing technological conditions in the horizontal decomposing tank are as follows: keeping the temperature in the decomposing tank at 35-55 deg.C, the water content of the feces at 60-90%, the oxygen content at 21-26%, stirring at 2-10r/min, and decomposing time at 2-3 d.
Preferably, the microorganism strain in the step (2) and the step (4) is one of bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium.
Preferably, in the preparation of the decomposed feces in the step (2), the mass ratio of the feces after steam explosion to the microbial strains is 100-: 0.1-0.3.
Preferably, the nutrient in step (4) is one or a combination of two of bean dregs and animal feather meal.
Preferably, the auxiliary material in the step (4) is one or a combination of more than two of rice bran, straw powder and biochar.
Preferably, the binder in the step (4) is polyvinyl alcohol glue solution.
More preferably, the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol glue solution is 5-10%.
Preferably, the rotating speed of the granulating in the disc granulator in the step (4) is 16-20r/min, and the particle size of the granulated organic fertilizer is 1-3 mm.
Preferably, in the preparation of the granular organic fertilizer in the step (4), the mass ratio of the solid decomposed manure, the microbial strains, the nutritional agents, the auxiliary materials and the binding agents is 100-: 0.1-0.3: 3-5: 10-20: 2-4. The microorganism is a cultured microorganism agent cultured in wheat bran in advance.
The known traditional production method of the organic fertilizer needs to treat raw materials and the organic fertilizer for a long time, so that the whole production period of the organic fertilizer is long, the production process is intermittent, continuous production cannot be realized, and the efficiency is low. The invention creatively utilizes the steam explosion process and the horizontal decomposition tank to produce the organic fertilizer, accelerates the decomposition of the excrement, shortens the production period of the organic fertilizer and improves the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer.
The invention firstly adds straw powder, penetrant and ethanol into the excrement and then adds the mixture into a steam explosion tank for steam explosion to obtain the excrement after steam explosion. Steam explosion is to carry out the preliminary treatment with the material at the high-temperature high-pressure steam explosion jar, the mixed material produces chemical hydrolysis under high temperature high pressure condition, spout the mixed material in the very short time when the gas explosion, the material becomes normal atmospheric temperature from high temperature high pressure state in the twinkling of an eye, the inside moisture of material gasifies the inflation suddenly, because the effect of pressure in the twinkling of an eye produces the shearing force and causes the destruction to the result of material, can realize faecal quick deodorization, be favorable to going on under the indoor environment thoroughly decomposing, make the interior living beings of straw powder and excrement and urine decompose through steam explosion simultaneously, the efficiency of thoroughly decomposing in the follow-up jar of thoroughly decomposing has been improved greatly, the production cycle of fertilizer has been shortened. In addition, the addition of the penetrating agent increases the dispersibility of the excrement, improves the deodorization and worm egg and bacteria killing effects of steam explosion; the ethanol has strong permeability, can improve the solubility of organic matters in the excrement, and can enhance the decomposition of excrement biomass in the steam explosion process, thereby accelerating the decomposition speed.
Furthermore, excrement and microbial strains after gas explosion are added into a horizontal decomposition tank for decomposition, the water content of the excrement is adjusted by spraying decomposed filtrate, oxygen is introduced to keep the oxygen content, the horizontal decomposition tank can continuously maintain the temperature and the oxygen content, a good environment is provided for the activity of microorganisms, and the contact of the excrement and the oxygen is increased by slowly turning the excrement, so that the activity of aerobic bacteria is improved, the decomposition of the excrement is accelerated, the production efficiency of organic fertilizers is accelerated, and the decomposed excrement is obtained.
Furthermore, decomposed filtrate obtained after centrifugal separation of decomposed excrement is recycled, and the decomposed excrement is decomposed by the aid of the steam-exploded excrement in the decomposing tank, so that resource utilization rate can be improved, microbial activity in the filtrate is high, and decomposition of the non-decomposed excrement can be accelerated, and efficiency is further improved. And finally, mixing and granulating solid decomposed excrement obtained after centrifugal separation of the decomposed excrement with microbial strains, a nutrient, auxiliary materials and a binder to obtain the granular organic fertilizer.
The existing organic fertilizer has the problems of long production period and low production efficiency, and the application of the organic fertilizer is limited. In view of the above, the invention provides a method for efficiently producing an organic fertilizer, which comprises the steps of adding straw powder to adjust the water content of excrement, adding a penetrating agent and ethanol, uniformly stirring, adding the mixture into a steam explosion tank, and performing steam explosion to obtain the excrement subjected to steam explosion; adding the feces after steam explosion into a horizontal decomposition tank, continuously adding microbial strains, adjusting the water content of the feces by spraying decomposed filtrate, introducing oxygen, keeping the oxygen content, and turning over the feces by opening a stirring rod to obtain decomposed feces; centrifugally separating the decomposed excrement to obtain solid decomposed excrement and decomposed filtrate, wherein the decomposed filtrate is circularly used for adjusting the water content of the excrement; adding microbial strains and a nutrient into the solid decomposed excrement, uniformly mixing, adding into a disc granulator, granulating, spraying auxiliary materials after the organic fertilizer particles are formed, spraying a binder, and continuously granulating to obtain the granular organic fertilizer. According to the method provided by the invention, the decomposition efficiency of the materials is greatly improved by utilizing steam explosion, the production period of the organic fertilizer is shortened, meanwhile, the aerobic bacteria activity is improved by constant temperature, oxygen introduction and decomposed filtrate spraying in the decomposition process, and meanwhile, the excrement is loosened by slowly turning over the excrement, so that the contact between the excrement and the oxygen is increased, the decomposition of the excrement is accelerated, the production period of the organic fertilizer is shortened, and the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for efficiently producing organic fertilizer, which has the outstanding characteristics and excellent effects that:
1. the invention utilizes steam explosion to quickly deodorize the excrement, is beneficial to decomposing in indoor environment, and decomposes the biomass through steam explosion, thereby greatly improving the decomposing efficiency in the decomposing tank and shortening the production period of the organic fertilizer.
2. The invention increases the dispersivity of the excrement by using the penetrant, improves the deodorization and insect egg and bacteria killing effects of steam explosion, has strong permeability of ethanol, can improve the dissolubility of organic matters in the excrement, and enhances the decomposition of excrement biomass in the steam explosion process, thereby accelerating the decomposition speed.
3. According to the invention, aerobic bacteria activity is improved by constant temperature, oxygen introduction and spraying of decomposed filtrate in the decomposing process, so that the condition that the propagation speed of aerobic microorganisms in excrement is influenced due to insufficient contact with oxygen is avoided, oxygen is input through the stirring rod, and the excrement is loosened by slowly turning over the excrement, so that the contact between the excrement and the oxygen is increased, the decomposition of the excrement is accelerated, the production period of the organic fertilizer is shortened, and the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the process flow chart of the method for producing the organic fertilizer is shown.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made by those skilled in the art and by conventional means without departing from the spirit of the method of the invention described above.
Example 1
(1) Adding corn straw powder which is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve into pig manure to adjust the water content to be 12.5%, then adding ethanol, wherein the addition amount of sodium hexadecyl sulfonate is 7.5 per thousand of the mixed material, the addition amount of ethanol is 7.5% of the mixed material, uniformly stirring, then adding the mixed material into a steam explosion tank, introducing steam at the speed of 70mL/min, adjusting the pressure in the steam explosion tank to be 4.6MPa, maintaining the pressure for 12min, then opening a valve at the bottom of the steam explosion tank instantaneously, performing steam explosion, and discharging to obtain the feces after steam explosion;
(2) adding 150kg of steam exploded excrement into a horizontal decomposition tank, then adding 0.2kg of bacillus subtilis, adjusting the water content of the excrement by spraying decomposed filtrate, introducing oxygen to keep the oxygen content, then opening a stirring rod to turn over the excrement, wherein the stirring rod of the horizontal decomposition tank is of a porous structure, and the decomposition process conditions are as follows: keeping the temperature in the decomposing tank at 45 ℃, the water content of the excrement at 75%, the oxygen content at 24%, the stirring speed at 6r/min and the decomposing time at 3d to obtain decomposed excrement;
(3) Centrifugally separating the decomposed excrement to obtain solid decomposed excrement and decomposed filtrate, wherein the decomposed filtrate is circularly used for adjusting the water content of the excrement in the preparation of the decomposed excrement, and the solid decomposed excrement is used for preparing an organic fertilizer;
(4) adding 0.2kg of bacillus subtilis and 4kg of bean dregs into 125kg of solid decomposed excrement, uniformly mixing, adding into a disc granulator for granulating, spraying 15kg of rice bran after organic fertilizer particles are formed, spraying 3kg of polyvinyl alcohol glue solution with the concentration of 7%, continuously granulating, wherein the rotating speed of the granules is 18r/min, and the particle size of the granulated organic fertilizer is 2mm, so that the granular organic fertilizer can be obtained, and the efficient production of the organic fertilizer is realized.
Example 2
(1) Adding rice straw powder which is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve into cow dung to adjust the water content to be 11%, then adding ethanol, wherein the adding amount of polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether is 6 per mill of the mixed material, the adding amount of ethanol is 6% of the mixed material, uniformly stirring, then adding the mixed material into a steam explosion tank, introducing steam at the speed of 65mL/min, adjusting the pressure in the steam explosion tank to be 4.5MPa, maintaining the pressure for 14min, then opening a valve at the bottom of the steam explosion tank instantaneously, performing steam explosion, and discharging to obtain the feces after steam explosion;
(2) Adding 120kg of steam exploded excrement into a horizontal decomposition tank, then adding 0.25kg of bacillus megatherium, adjusting the water content of the excrement by spraying decomposed filtrate, introducing oxygen to keep the oxygen content, then opening a stirring rod to turn over the excrement, wherein the stirring rod of the horizontal decomposition tank is of a porous structure, and the decomposition process conditions are as follows: keeping the temperature in the decomposing tank at 40 ℃, the water content of the excrement at 65%, the oxygen content at 22%, the stirring speed at 4r/min and the decomposing time at 3d to obtain decomposed excrement;
(3) centrifugally separating the decomposed excrement to obtain solid decomposed excrement and decomposed filtrate, wherein the decomposed filtrate is circularly used for adjusting the water content of the excrement in the preparation of the decomposed excrement, and the solid decomposed excrement is used for preparing an organic fertilizer;
(4) adding 0.15kg of bacillus megatherium and 3.5kg of animal feather powder into 140kg of solid decomposed excrement, uniformly mixing, adding into a disc granulator for granulating, then spraying 12kg of straw powder after organic fertilizer particles are formed, spraying 2.5kg of 6% polyvinyl alcohol glue solution, continuing granulating, wherein the rotating speed of the granules is 17r/min, and the particle size of the granulated organic fertilizer is 1.5mm, so that the granular organic fertilizer can be obtained, and the efficient production of the organic fertilizer is realized.
Example 3
(1) Adding sorghum straw powder which is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve into chicken manure to adjust the water content to be 14%, then adding sodium hexadecyl sulfonate and ethanol, wherein the adding amount of the sodium hexadecyl sulfonate is 9 per mill of the mixed material, and the adding amount of the ethanol is 9% of the mixed material, uniformly stirring, then adding the mixed material into a steam explosion tank, introducing steam at the speed of 75mL/min, adjusting the pressure in the steam explosion tank to be 4.8MPa, maintaining the pressure for 11min, then instantly opening a valve at the bottom of the steam explosion tank, performing steam explosion, and discharging to obtain the feces after steam explosion;
(2) adding 180kg of steam exploded excrement into a horizontal decomposition tank, then adding 0.15kg of bacillus subtilis, adjusting the water content of the excrement by spraying decomposed filtrate, introducing oxygen to keep the oxygen content, then opening a stirring rod to turn over the excrement, wherein the stirring rod of the horizontal decomposition tank is of a porous structure, and the decomposition process conditions are as follows: keeping the temperature in the decomposing tank at 50 ℃, the water content of the excrement at 80%, the oxygen content at 25%, the stirring speed at 8r/min and the decomposing time at 2d to obtain decomposed excrement;
(3) centrifugally separating the decomposed excrement to obtain solid decomposed excrement and decomposed filtrate, wherein the decomposed filtrate is circularly used for adjusting the water content of the excrement in the preparation of the decomposed excrement, and the solid decomposed excrement is used for preparing an organic fertilizer;
(4) Adding 0.25kg of bacillus subtilis and 4.5kg of bean dregs into 110kg of solid decomposed excrement, uniformly mixing, adding into a disc granulator for granulating, spraying 18kg of biochar after organic fertilizer particles are formed, spraying 3.5kg of 9% polyvinyl alcohol glue solution, continuously granulating, wherein the rotating speed of the granules is 19r/min, and the particle size of the granulated organic fertilizer is 2.5mm, so that the granular organic fertilizer can be obtained, and the efficient production of the organic fertilizer is realized.
Example 4
(1) Adding corn straw powder which is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve into human excrement to adjust the water content to be 10%, then adding polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether and ethanol, wherein the addition amount of the polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether is 5 per mill of the mixed material, and the addition amount of the ethanol is 5% of the mixed material, uniformly stirring, then adding the mixed material into a steam explosion tank, introducing steam at the speed of 60mL/min, adjusting the pressure in the steam explosion tank to be 4.3MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15min, then opening a valve at the bottom of the steam explosion tank instantaneously, performing steam explosion, and discharging to obtain the excrement after steam explosion;
(2) 200kg of steam exploded excrement is added into a horizontal decomposition tank, then 0.1kg of bacillus megatherium is added, then the water content of the excrement is adjusted by spraying decomposed filtrate, oxygen is introduced to keep the oxygen content, then a stirring rod is opened to turn over the excrement, the stirring rod of the horizontal decomposition tank is of a porous ventilation structure, and the decomposition process conditions are as follows: keeping the temperature in the decomposing tank at 35 ℃, the water content of the excrement at 60%, the oxygen content at 21%, the stirring speed at 2r/min, and the decomposing time at 3d to obtain decomposed excrement;
(3) Centrifugally separating the decomposed excrement to obtain solid decomposed excrement and decomposed filtrate, wherein the decomposed filtrate is circularly used for adjusting the water content of the excrement in the preparation of the decomposed excrement, and the solid decomposed excrement is used for preparing an organic fertilizer;
(4) adding 0.1kg of bacillus megatherium and 3kg of animal feather powder into 150kg of solid decomposed excrement, uniformly mixing, adding into a disc granulator for granulating, then spraying 10kg of rice bran after organic fertilizer particles are formed, spraying 2kg of polyvinyl alcohol glue solution with the concentration of 5%, continuously granulating, wherein the rotating speed of the granules is 16r/min, and the particle size of the granular organic fertilizer after the granules is 1mm, so that the granular organic fertilizer can be obtained, and the efficient production of the organic fertilizer is realized.
Example 5
(1) Adding corn straw powder which is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve into pig manure to adjust the water content to be 15%, then adding sodium hexadecyl sulfonate and ethanol, wherein the adding amount of the sodium hexadecyl sulfonate is 10 per mill of the mixed material, the adding amount of the ethanol is 10% of the mixed material, uniformly stirring, then adding the mixed material into a steam explosion tank, introducing steam at the speed of 80mL/min, adjusting the pressure in the steam explosion tank to be 5MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min, then instantly opening a valve at the bottom of the steam explosion tank, performing steam explosion, and discharging to obtain the feces after steam explosion;
(2) Adding 100kg of steam exploded excrement into a horizontal decomposition tank, then adding 0.3kg of bacillus subtilis, adjusting the water content of the excrement by spraying decomposed filtrate, introducing oxygen to keep the oxygen content, then opening a stirring rod to turn over the excrement, wherein the stirring rod of the horizontal decomposition tank is of a porous and breathable structure, and the decomposition process conditions are as follows: keeping the temperature in the decomposing tank at 55 ℃, the water content of the excrement at 90%, the oxygen content at 26%, the stirring speed at 10r/min and the decomposing time at 2d to obtain decomposed excrement;
(3) centrifugally separating the decomposed excrement to obtain solid decomposed excrement and decomposed filtrate, wherein the decomposed filtrate is circularly used for adjusting the water content of the excrement in the preparation of the decomposed excrement, and the solid decomposed excrement is used for preparing an organic fertilizer;
(4) adding 0.3kg of bacillus subtilis and 5kg of animal feather powder into 100kg of solid decomposed excrement, uniformly mixing, adding into a disc granulator for granulating, spraying 20kg of biochar after organic fertilizer particles are formed, spraying 4kg of polyvinyl alcohol glue solution with the concentration of 10%, continuously granulating, wherein the rotating speed of the granules is 20r/min, and the particle size of the granulated organic fertilizer is 3mm, so that the granular organic fertilizer can be obtained, and the efficient production of the organic fertilizer is realized.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 compared with example 1, no gas explosion treatment was performed, and the rest was completely identical to example 1. Is not beneficial to the promotion of the decomposition efficiency, and the obtained organic fertilizer has poor fertilizer efficiency.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 compared to example 1, no penetrant was used, and the rest was identical to example 1. The decomposition speed can be influenced, the decomposition of the organic fertilizer is poor in a short time, and the fertilizer efficiency is poor.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 in comparison with example 1, in step (2), the mixed materials were decomposed by the compost 12d without oxygen introduction and constant temperature treatment in the horizontal decomposition tank, and the others were completely identical to those of example 1.
The test method comprises the following steps:
fertilizer efficiency test (germination rate of seeds): in the test, the small green vegetable seeds are taken as experimental objects, 20g of the organic fertilizers of the embodiment and the comparative example are respectively taken and dispersed in 1kg of moist soil, 20 small green vegetable seeds are planted in a spraying mode, the seeds are cultivated for 1 week, the germination quantity and the average root length of the seeds are recorded, and the germination rate of the seeds is calculated. The formula of the germination rate of the seeds is as follows: germination rate = (number of seeds germinated/20); the control was moist soil without organic fertilizer. The test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1:
as can be seen from Table 1, compared with the comparative examples, the organic fertilizer produced by the method of the embodiment of the invention has slightly higher seed germination rates, small differences, which are about 80%, and higher seed germination rates, which shows that the organic fertilizer produced by the method has high decomposition rate, good decomposition effect, short production period, high efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Claims (10)
1. A method for efficiently producing an organic fertilizer is characterized in that straw powder, a penetrating agent, ethanol and excrement are uniformly mixed and then subjected to steam explosion to obtain steam exploded excrement, then microbial strains are added and oxygen is introduced for decomposition, the obtained decomposed excrement is subjected to centrifugal separation, decomposed filtrate is used for adjusting the water content of the decomposed excrement, and solid decomposed excrement is mixed with the microbial strains, a nutrient, auxiliary materials and a binder and subjected to granulation to obtain the granular organic fertilizer. The specific production method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding straw powder into the excrement to adjust the water content, then adding a penetrating agent and ethanol, uniformly stirring, then adding the mixed material into a steam explosion tank for steam explosion, and discharging to obtain the excrement after steam explosion;
(2) adding the feces after steam explosion into a horizontal decomposition tank, adding microbial strains, adjusting the water content of the feces by spraying decomposed filtrate, introducing oxygen to keep oxygen content, and turning over the feces by opening a stirring rod to obtain decomposed feces;
(3) centrifugally separating the decomposed excrement to obtain solid decomposed excrement and decomposed filtrate, wherein the decomposed filtrate is circularly used for adjusting the water content of the excrement in the preparation of the decomposed excrement, and the solid decomposed excrement is used for preparing an organic fertilizer;
(4) Adding microbial strains and a nutrient into the solid decomposed excrement, uniformly mixing, adding into a disc granulator for granulating, spraying auxiliary materials after organic fertilizer particles are formed, spraying a binder, and continuously granulating to obtain granular organic fertilizer, so that the efficient production of the organic fertilizer is realized.
2. The method for efficiently producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straw powder in the step (1) is one or a combination of more than two of corn straw, rice straw and sorghum straw which are obtained after being sieved by a 100-mesh sieve; the excrement is one or the combination of more than two of pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure and human manure; the penetrating agent is one of sodium hexadecyl sulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether.
3. The method for efficiently producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process conditions of the steam explosion in the step (1) are as follows: introducing steam at the speed of 60-80mL/min, adjusting the pressure in the steam explosion tank to 4.3-5MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10-15min, and then opening a valve at the bottom of the steam explosion tank instantaneously to perform steam explosion.
4. The method for efficiently producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the feces after steam explosion in the step (1), the water content of the feces is adjusted to 10-15% after the straw powder is added, the addition amount of the penetrating agent is 5-10 per mill of the mixed material, and the addition amount of the ethanol is 5-10% of the mixed material.
5. The method for efficiently producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stirring rod of the horizontal decomposing tank in the step (2) is of a porous and breathable structure, and the decomposing process conditions are as follows: keeping the temperature in the decomposing tank at 35-55 deg.C, the water content of the feces at 60-90%, the oxygen content at 21-26%, stirring at 2-10r/min, and decomposing time at 2-3 d.
6. The method for efficiently producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microorganism strain in the steps (2) and (4) is one of bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium.
7. The method for efficiently producing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the feces after steam explosion to the microbial strains in the preparation of the decomposed feces is 100-200: 0.1-0.3.
8. The method for efficiently producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient in the step (4) is one or a combination of two of bean dregs and animal feather meal; the auxiliary material is one or the combination of more than two of rice bran, straw powder and biological carbon; the adhesive is polyvinyl alcohol glue solution with the concentration of 5-10%.
9. The method for efficiently producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotating speed of the granulating in the disc granulator in the step (4) is 16-20r/min, and the particle size of the granulated organic fertilizer after the granulating is 1-3 mm.
10. The method for efficiently producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), in the preparation of the granular organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the solid decomposed manure, the microbial strains, the nutritional agents, the auxiliary materials and the binders is 100-: 0.1-0.3: 3-5: 10-20: 2-4.
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| CN202010584081.XA CN111848271A (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | Method for efficiently producing organic fertilizer |
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| CN202010584081.XA CN111848271A (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | Method for efficiently producing organic fertilizer |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113307665A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-08-27 | 巢湖市祥慧湖羊养殖有限公司 | Method for preparing environment-friendly organic fertilizer by using sheep manure |
| CN114163281A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-03-11 | 山西农业大学 | Preparation method of microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer |
| AU2021408092B2 (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2023-03-02 | Incitec Fertilisers Operations Pty Ltd | Further improved fertilizer |
-
2020
- 2020-06-24 CN CN202010584081.XA patent/CN111848271A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021408092B2 (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2023-03-02 | Incitec Fertilisers Operations Pty Ltd | Further improved fertilizer |
| CN113307665A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-08-27 | 巢湖市祥慧湖羊养殖有限公司 | Method for preparing environment-friendly organic fertilizer by using sheep manure |
| CN114163281A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-03-11 | 山西农业大学 | Preparation method of microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer |
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