CN111844976B - 一种聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料、制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN111844976B
CN111844976B CN201910293136.9A CN201910293136A CN111844976B CN 111844976 B CN111844976 B CN 111844976B CN 201910293136 A CN201910293136 A CN 201910293136A CN 111844976 B CN111844976 B CN 111844976B
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fluoropolymer
polyimide
composite material
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insulation
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CN111844976A (zh
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张云
李炳健
李建革
丁荣华
宋海明
陈宇峰
黄彐全
雷伟
花金旦
郭祥
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Panasian Microvent Tech Jiangsu Corp
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚酰亚胺‑氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的制备方法、制备方法及其应用，方法包括以下步骤：1）将聚酰亚胺膜表面经电晕工艺处理后，涂覆氟聚合物乳液，经高温干燥、烧结后制成氟聚合物粘结层；2）将步骤1）形成的复合材料的表面通过双金属辊热压复合氟聚合物绝缘外层，制备得复合结构的聚酰亚胺‑氟聚合物绝缘复合材料，复合材料包括：聚酰亚胺绝缘基层、氟聚合物粘结层和氟聚合物绝缘外层，聚酰亚胺绝缘基层的至少一侧表面通过氟聚合物粘结层与氟聚合物绝缘外层连接。通过上述方式，本发明能够集优异的耐热性能、机械性能、电气性能、防水、防油、耐刮擦、耐化学腐蚀等特性于一体，制备实施的复合体系粘接性强。

Description

一种聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料、制备方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料、制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺（PI）由于其聚合物主链中含有非常稳定的芳香杂环结构，使其体现出非常优异的综合性能，拥有优异的力学性能，耐高低温性能优越，使用温度范围广（-200～300℃），拥有优异的介电性能，耐电压强度高，耐辐射、耐腐蚀、优异的阻燃性。目前各国已将聚酰亚胺材料的研究、开发及利用列入21世纪最有希望的工程塑料之一，但聚酰亚胺作为电气绝缘材料，其表面能低，缺乏自粘性，在潮湿环境下抗水解性能差；另外聚酰亚胺介电常数在3-3.5，只能应用在普通绝缘领域，并不适用于低介电常数的高频高速柔性电路板和航空航天等特殊领域。
氟聚合物材料（如聚四氟乙烯PTFE、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物FEP、全氟丙基全氟乙烯基醚-聚四氟乙烯共聚物PFA、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物ETFE），其不但具有优异的电气绝缘性，拥有较低的介电常数和介电损耗，在高频条件下，能获得介电常数小于2.5，而且具有耐高温、防水、防油、耐化学腐蚀等特性。但采用氟聚合物材料制备的绕包电缆薄膜耐刮擦性能差。
现有技术为了获得高绝缘性、低介电常数和耐水解性聚酰亚胺复合材料，大多数采用在聚酰亚胺分子骨架中引入甲基封端或者氟原子，在获得低介电常数的同时，影响聚酰亚胺薄膜的力学性能，并且工艺复杂、其制备成本高。
还有的现有技术在聚酰亚胺（PI）基材正反表面涂覆硅烷胶或者环氧树脂，可以解决粘结性的问题，但这些粘结层不耐高温，且不能降低聚酰亚胺（PI）的介电常数至2.5以下。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够解决聚酰亚胺表面能低，缺乏自粘性，在潮湿环境下抗水解性能差等缺点，并克服聚四氟乙烯与聚酰亚胺复合工艺问题的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料、制备方法及其应用。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1）将聚酰亚胺膜表面经电晕工艺处理后，涂覆氟聚合物乳液，经高温干燥、烧结后制成氟聚合物粘结层；
2）将步骤1）形成的复合材料的表面通过双金属辊热压复合氟聚合物绝缘外层，制备得复合结构的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，双金属辊采用电磁加热方式，控制热压温度为280-350℃，线速度为5-10rpm，压力为0.5-1MPa。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述氟聚合物乳液的涂覆厚度为2μm-50μm。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的另一个技术方案是：提供一种制备方法制备而成的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料，包括：聚酰亚胺绝缘基层、氟聚合物粘结层和氟聚合物绝缘外层，聚酰亚胺绝缘基层的至少一侧表面通过氟聚合物粘结层与氟聚合物绝缘外层连接。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，氟聚合物绝缘外层包括聚四氟乙烯PTFE薄膜、聚四氟乙烯/四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物PTFE/FEP复合材料、聚四氟乙烯/全氟丙基全氟乙烯基醚-聚四氟乙烯共聚物PTFE/PFA复合材料、聚四氟乙烯/乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物PTFE/ETFE复合材料或聚四氟乙烯/聚偏氟乙烯PTFE/PVDF复合材料。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，氟聚合物粘结层是四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物FEP乳液，经高温干燥、烧结而制成四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物FEP/聚酰亚胺/四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物FEP复合材料。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，聚酰亚胺绝缘基层的上下两层表面均通过氟聚合物粘结层与氟聚合物绝缘外层连接，形成五层复合结构的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的另一个技术方案是：提供一种聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的应用，应用于电线电缆的绕包，聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料绕包在铜导体上，再将其他绝缘层绕包在聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料外侧。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的另一个技术方案是：提供聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的应用，应用于低介电常数的高频高速柔性电路板上，聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的上下表面均与电解铜箔进行热压复合，其表面或用导电胶水印刷电路制版。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明集优异的耐热性能、机械性能、电气性能、防水、防油、耐刮擦、耐化学腐蚀等特性于一体，制备实施解决了聚酰亚胺表面能低，缺乏自粘性，在潮湿环境下抗水解性能差等缺点，并克服聚四氟乙烯与聚酰亚胺复合工艺困难，复合体系粘接性强；其电常数小于2.5，耐刮擦性能优异，整体柔韧性好，适用于低介电常数的高频高速柔性电路板和航空航天等特殊领域。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图，其中：
图1是本发明聚酰亚胺—氟聚合物绝缘复合材料一较佳实施例的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示聚酰亚胺—氟聚合物绝缘复合材料应用的一较佳实施例的结构示意图；
图3是图1所示聚酰亚胺—氟聚合物绝缘复合材料应用的另一较佳实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，本发明实施例包括：
一种聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料，包括：聚酰亚胺绝缘基层3、氟聚合物粘结层2、4和氟聚合物绝缘外层1、5，聚酰亚胺绝缘基层3的至少一侧表面通过氟聚合物粘结层2、4与氟聚合物绝缘外层1、5连接。
聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料厚度为50μm～300μm。
本发明优选聚酰亚胺绝缘基层3的上下两层表面均通过氟聚合物粘结层2、4与氟聚合物绝缘外层1、5连接，形成五层复合结构的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料，如图1所示。
通过添加一定量的含氟树脂包覆纳米二氧化硅微粒，获得具有低介电常数、高耐水性的聚酰亚胺薄膜作为基层3。
氟聚合物绝缘外层1、5包括聚四氟乙烯PTFE薄膜、聚四氟乙烯/四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物PTFE/FEP复合材料、聚四氟乙烯/全氟丙基全氟乙烯基醚-聚四氟乙烯共聚物PTFE/PFA复合材料、聚四氟乙烯/乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物PTFE/ETFE复合材料或聚四氟乙烯/聚偏氟乙烯PTFE/PVDF复合材料。
氟聚合物粘结层2、4优选四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物FEP乳液，经高温干燥、烧结而制成四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物FEP/聚酰亚胺PI/四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物FEP复合材料。
FEP作为氟材料的一种，既起到粘结层的作用，又起到绝缘的作用。外层氟聚合物绝缘层对聚酰亚胺绝缘基层起到防护抗水解作用。
聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料集优异的耐热性能、机械性能、电气性能、防水、防油、耐刮擦、耐化学腐蚀等特性于一体。本发明制备实施解决了聚酰亚胺表面能低，缺乏自粘性，在潮湿环境下抗水解性能差等缺点，并克服氟聚合物绝缘外层与聚酰亚胺复合工艺困难，复合体系粘接性强。其介电常数小于2.5，耐刮擦性能优异，整体柔韧性好，适用于低介电常数的高频高速柔性电路板和航空航天等特殊领域。
一种聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的制备方法，包括
实施例1：
1. 将厚度为25μm的聚酰亚胺膜3，表面经双面电晕工艺处理后，采用涂布塔线涂覆四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物（FEP）乳液，再经150℃干燥、300℃烧结而制成带有FEP粘结层2、4的聚酰亚胺复合材料。控制FEP粘结层2、4厚度为5μm。
2. 将步骤1过程中 FEP/PI/FEP复合材料正反双面经在双金属辊热压复合机上进行热压复合10μm厚度的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）薄膜1、5，双金属辊采用电磁加热方式，控制热压温度为300℃，线速度为5rpm，压力为0.5MPa，制备成55μm的五层复合结构的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料7，复合体系粘结性强。
实施例2：
1. 将厚度为50μm的聚酰亚胺膜3，表面经双面电晕工艺处理后，采用涂布塔线涂覆四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物（FEP）乳液，再经150℃干燥、300℃烧结而制成带有FEP粘结层2、4的聚酰亚胺复合材料。控制FEP粘结层2、4厚度为10μm。
2. 将步骤1过程中 FEP/PI/FEP复合材料正反双面经在双金属辊热压复合机上进行热压复合15μm厚度的聚四氟乙烯/乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物复合材料（PTFE/ETFE）薄膜1、5，双金属辊采用电磁加热方式，控制热压温度为300℃，线速度为8rpm，压力为0.8MPa，制备成100μm的五层复合结构的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料10，复合体系粘结性强。
本发明涉及制备的一种聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料性能优越，介电强度＞175kV/mm，低介电常数小于2.5、低介电损耗、高体积电阻率，具有优异的耐热性能、耐化学性和耐候性、尺寸稳定性、阻燃性能达到UL94 V-0等级，可应用于航空航天线缆、极端环境的电线电缆、电子绝缘（5G通信、高频高速柔性PCB板应用）等领域。
聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的应用，应用于电线电缆的绕包，聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料7绕包在铜导体6上，再将其他绝缘层8如PTFE生带，绕包在聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料7外侧，如图2所示。
聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的应用，应用于低介电常数的高频高速柔性电路板上，聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料10的上下表面均与厚度大约18μm的电解铜箔进行热压复合，如图3所示，其表面或用导电胶水印刷电路制版。
本发明中的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料具备聚酰亚胺和氟聚合物两类特种工程塑料的优点，形成了聚酰亚胺绝缘基层、中间氟聚合物粘结层和外层氟聚合物绝缘层，集优异的耐热性能、机械性能、电气性能和耐防潮、防水、防油、耐化学腐蚀等特性于一体，并且由于中间粘结层的存在，复合结构粘接性强。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）将聚酰亚胺膜表面经电晕工艺处理后，采用涂布塔线涂覆氟聚合物乳液，经高温干燥、烧结后制成氟聚合物粘结层；所述氟聚合物乳液的涂覆厚度为2μm-5μm；
2）将步骤1）形成的复合材料的表面通过双金属辊热压复合氟聚合物绝缘外层，制备得复合结构的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料；
其中，双金属辊采用电磁加热方式，控制热压温度为280-350℃，线速度为5-10rpm，压力为0.5-1MPa；
制备方法制备而成的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料，包括：聚酰亚胺绝缘基层、氟聚合物粘结层和氟聚合物绝缘外层，聚酰亚胺绝缘基层的至少一侧表面通过氟聚合物粘结层与氟聚合物绝缘外层连接；
氟聚合物绝缘外层包括聚四氟乙烯PTFE薄膜、聚四氟乙烯/四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物PTFE/FEP复合材料、聚四氟乙烯/全氟丙基全氟乙烯基醚-聚四氟乙烯共聚物PTFE/PFA复合材料、聚四氟乙烯/乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物PTFE/ETFE复合材料或聚四氟乙烯/聚偏氟乙烯PTFE/PVDF复合材料；
氟聚合物粘结层是四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物FEP乳液，经高温干燥、烧结而制成四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物FEP/聚酰亚胺/四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物FEP复合材料；
聚酰亚胺绝缘基层的上下两层表面均通过氟聚合物粘结层与氟聚合物绝缘外层连接，形成五层复合结构的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的应用，其特征在于，应用于电线电缆的绕包，聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料绕包在铜导体上，再将其他绝缘层绕包在聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料外侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的应用，其特征在于，应用于低介电常数的高频高速柔性电路板上，聚酰亚胺-氟聚合物绝缘复合材料的上下表面均与电解铜箔进行热压复合，或其上下表面用导电胶水印刷电路制版。
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