CN111838396A - 一种多酚-大豆蛋白颗粒自组装型Pickering乳液的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种多酚-大豆蛋白颗粒自组装型Pickering乳液的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种热聚集介导的茶多酚‑大豆蛋白微球颗粒的制备工艺方法,属于大豆蛋白产品开发领域。该方法包括以下步骤:(1)制备大豆分离蛋白(SPI);(2)配置SPI和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)溶液(3)SPI溶液进行加热处理后,立即添加EGCG溶液冰水冷却至室温,将上述混合液通过冷冻干燥技术制备EGCG‑大豆蛋白微球颗粒。本发明明确了大豆分离蛋白和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯通过热聚集形成微球颗粒的工艺,并且确定了制备的微球颗粒具有改善的功能特性,该微球颗粒具有粒径大小合适,稳定性好,制备简单,成本低的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于大豆蛋白乳液产品开发领域,主要涉及一种多酚-大豆蛋白颗粒自组装型Pickering乳液的制备工艺。
背景技术
Pickering乳液是一种由固体颗粒稳定在油水界面的新型乳液,与传统的表面活性剂稳定的乳液机理不同,固体颗粒可以在界面处形成致密的颗粒层,依靠物理屏障力或颗粒间的架桥现象来防止乳状液滴的絮凝或聚结。当前Pickering乳液中使用的颗粒稳定剂大多是合成的或无机的,在食品中的应用具有一定的局限性。因此从天然材料中制备的食品级颗粒稳定剂在食品、化妆品和医药等领域有较好的应用前景。
在报道的所有食品级Pickering颗粒中,以食品蛋白为基础的颗粒由于其自身的营养和功能成分等优点且不需要任何化学处理来改变其表面性质,是最有前途的一种制备Pickering乳液的理想材料。大豆分离蛋白(SPI)是一种常见的食品蛋白质,由于具有良好的加工和营养特性,在食品工业中得到了广泛的应用。大多数的研究表明,大豆蛋白是制备Pickering纳米稳定剂或制备具有多种用途的纳米复合物的良好材料。但由于大豆蛋白颗粒不平衡的两亲性,由其制备的Pickering乳液往往表现出失稳现象。近年来,由多酚构建的蛋白复合颗粒的良好的两亲性引起了人们的极大关注。多酚小分子具有较高的蛋白质亲和力,能通过共价与非共价作用力与蛋白质多肽链形成交联点。因此,利用多酚-蛋白复合颗粒在食品工业中制备 Pickering乳液有着极大的发展潜力。绿茶是人们茶饮中常见的茶类之一,其主要的生物活性成分是儿茶素。儿茶素是绿茶中主要的多酚类化合物,其中表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)含量最高,是发挥抗氧化性、抑菌性等生理活性的关键物质。因其良好的生理活性,在主流食品中添加EGCG等生物活性化合物正成为人们关注的焦点。有研究表明,当EGCG与蛋白质结合时,可以显著提高其他封装成分的稳定性和生物利用度。
本发明通过利用大豆球蛋白/表没食子儿茶素没食子酸纳米复合颗粒制备Pickering乳液,开发一种具有高抗氧化能力大豆蛋白颗粒,提高Pickering乳液稳定性,增强Pickering乳液功能特性,以期为食品工业提供一种新兴的绿色健康的稳定剂,从而为大豆蛋白与多酚的产品开发提供一定的参考。
发明内容
本发明采用大豆球蛋白/表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯纳米复合颗粒制备Pickering乳液,该方法实验条件温和,得到粒径较小的复合颗粒,仅为28.2nm,同时具有较强的的ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力。本发明制备的Pickering乳液具有良好的乳化性且乳液液滴间形成不规则网络状结构显著的提高了稳定性。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
(1)以低温脱脂豆粉为原料,采用碱溶酸沉的原理,制备大豆分离蛋白。将脱脂豆粉以10:1,10: 1.5,10:2(v/w)的比例分散于去离子水中,用2M NaOH调节pH至8.0,室温下搅拌1-2h,在4000g下离心10min。将获得的上清液用2M HCl调节pH至4.5,储存在冰箱(4℃)中过夜。然后在4000g下再次离心15min,用去离子水洗涤两次所获得沉淀。室温下用2MNaOH调节pH至7.0,通过冷冻干燥得到大豆分离蛋白(SPI)粉末。
(2)配置5%(w/v)的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)溶液,其中溶液的溶剂为pH为6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,在25-30℃下磁力搅拌2h,在冰箱中使蛋白溶液水化过夜(4-6℃),同时加入0.02%(w/v)叠氮化钠(NaN3) 作为防腐剂抑制微生物生长,防止溶液变质。
(3)配置pH为2.5的EGCG溶液(10wt%)备用。将SPI溶液70-90℃下水浴加热10-30min,随后将EGCG溶液加入到SPI溶液中(SPI与EGCG摩尔比为1:1,1:2,1:4),样品涡旋20s,立即冰水浴冷却到室温(20-25℃),向复合颗粒样品中加入大豆油,油水体积比为1:3,1:5,1:7。然后使用IKA 乳化机以10000rmp高速均质2-5min,得到SPI-EGCG纳米复合颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液。
步骤(1)所述的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)粉末制备工艺中蒸馏水与脱脂豆粉的混合优选比例为10:1,室温下搅拌时间为2h。
步骤(2)所述SPI溶液中的搅拌的最佳温度为25℃,最佳水化过夜温度为4℃。
步骤(3)所述将SPI溶液水浴加热的最佳温度为90℃,水浴加热时间为20min,EGCG溶液加入到SPI溶液中时的SPI与EGCG最佳的摩尔比为1:4,油水最佳比例为1:5,最佳均质时间为2min。该方法操作过程简单,产品性价比高。本发明有助于开发具有高抗氧化能力的新型纳米颗粒聚合物,从而促进大豆蛋白在食品和饮料工业中的应用。
附图说明
附图1为发明的工艺路线图。
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明,应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
实施例1:
(1)将脱脂豆粉以10:1.5(v/w)的比例分散于去离子水中,用2M NaOH调节pH至8.0,室温下搅拌2h,在4000g下离心10min。将获得的上清液用2M HCl调节pH至4.5,储存在冰箱(4℃)中过夜。然后在4000g下再次离心15min,用去离子水洗涤两次所获得沉淀。室温下用2M NaOH调节pH至7.0,通过冷冻干燥得到大豆分离蛋白(SPI)粉末。(2)配置5%(w/v)的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)溶液,其中溶液的溶剂为pH为6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,在30℃下磁力搅拌2h,在冰箱中使蛋白溶液水化过夜(5℃),同时加入0.02%(w/v)叠氮化钠(NaN3)作为防腐剂抑制微生物生长,防止溶液变质。(3)配置pH为2.5 的EGCG溶液(10wt%)备用。将SPI溶液70℃下水浴加热10-min,随后将EGCG溶液加入到SPI溶液中(SPI与EGCG摩尔比为1:1),样品涡旋20s,立即冰水浴冷却到室温(20-25℃),向复合颗粒样品中加入大豆油,油水体积比为1:3。然后使用IKA乳化机以10000rmp高速均质2min,得到SPI-EGCG纳米复合颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液。该乳液中SPI-EGCG纳米复合颗粒的粒径较小,ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力一般,乳液的乳化性和乳化稳定性一般。
实施例2:
(1)将脱脂豆粉以10:1.5(v/w)的比例分散于去离子水中,用2M NaOH调节pH至8.0,室温下搅拌1h,在4000g下离心10min。将获得的上清液用2M HCl调节pH至4.5,储存在冰箱(4℃)中过夜。然后在4000g下再次离心15min,用去离子水洗涤两次所获得沉淀。室温下用2M NaOH调节pH至7.0,通过冷冻干燥得到大豆分离蛋白(SPI)粉末。(2)配置5%(w/v)的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)溶液,其中溶液的溶剂为pH为6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,在25℃下磁力搅拌2h,在冰箱中使蛋白溶液水化过夜(4℃),同时加入0.02%(w/v)叠氮化钠(NaN3)作为防腐剂抑制微生物生长,防止溶液变质。(3)配置pH为2.5 的EGCG溶液(10wt%)备用。将SPI溶液80℃下水浴加热20min,随后将EGCG溶液加入到SPI溶液中 (SPI与EGCG摩尔比为1:2),样品涡旋20s,立即冰水浴冷却到室温(20-25℃),向复合颗粒样品中加入大豆油,油水体积比为1:5。然后使用IKA乳化机以10000rmp高速均质5min,得到SPI-EGCG纳米复合颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液。该乳液中SPI-EGCG纳米复合颗粒的粒径较大,ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力较差,具有良好的乳化性和乳化稳定性。
实施例3:
(1)将脱脂豆粉以10:1(v/w)的比例分散于去离子水中,用2M NaOH调节pH至8.0,室温下搅拌2h,在4000g下离心10min。将获得的上清液用2M HCl调节pH至4.5,储存在冰箱(4℃)中过夜。然后在4000g下再次离心15min,用去离子水洗涤两次所获得沉淀。室温下用2M NaOH调节pH至7.0,通过冷冻干燥得到大豆分离蛋白(SPI)粉末。(2)配置5%(w/v)的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)溶液,其中溶液的溶剂为pH为6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,在25℃下磁力搅拌2h,在冰箱中使蛋白溶液水化过夜(4℃),同时加入0.02%(w/v)叠氮化钠(NaN3)作为防腐剂抑制微生物生长,防止溶液变质。(3)配置pH为2.5 的EGCG溶液(10wt%)备用。将SPI溶液90℃下水浴加热10min,随后将EGCG溶液加入到SPI溶液中 (SPI与EGCG摩尔比为1:4),样品涡旋20s,立即冰水浴冷却到室温(20-25℃),向复合颗粒样品中加入大豆油,油水体积比为1:5。然后使用IKA乳化机以10000rmp高速均质2min,得到SPI-EGCG纳米复合颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液。该乳液中SPI-EGCG纳米复合颗粒的粒径较小,ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力较好,具有良好的乳化性和乳化稳定性。
实施例4:
(1)将脱脂豆粉以10:2(v/w)的比例分散于去离子水中,用2M NaOH调节pH至8.0,室温下搅拌1h,在4000g下离心10min。将获得的上清液用2M HCl调节pH至4.5,储存在冰箱(4℃)中过夜。然后在4000g下再次离心15min,用去离子水洗涤两次所获得沉淀。室温下用2M NaOH调节pH至7.0,通过冷冻干燥得到大豆分离蛋白(SPI)粉末。(2)配置5%(w/v)的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)溶液,其中溶液的溶剂为pH为6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,在25℃下磁力搅拌2h,在冰箱中使蛋白溶液水化过夜(6℃),同时加入0.02%(w/v)叠氮化钠(NaN3)作为防腐剂抑制微生物生长,防止溶液变质。(3)配置pH为2.5 的EGCG溶液(10wt%)备用。将SPI溶液90℃下水浴加热30min,随后将EGCG溶液加入到SPI溶液中 (SPI与EGCG摩尔比为1:4),样品涡旋20s,立即冰水浴冷却到室温(20-25℃),向复合颗粒样品中加入大豆油,油水体积比为1:7。然后使用IKA乳化机以10000rmp高速均质3min,得到SPI-EGCG纳米复合颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液。该乳液中SPI-EGCG纳米复合颗粒的粒径一般,ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力较强,具有良好的乳化性和乳化稳定性。
Claims (4)
1.一种多酚-大豆蛋白颗粒自组装型Pickering乳液的制备工艺,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:(1)以低温脱脂豆粉为原料,采用碱溶酸沉的原理,制备大豆分离蛋白。将脱脂豆粉以10:1,10:1.5,10:2(v/w)的比例分散于去离子水中,用2M NaOH调节pH至8.0,室温下搅拌1-2h,在4000g下离心10min。将获得的上清液用2M HCl调节pH至4.5,储存在冰箱(4℃)中过夜。然后在4000g下再次离心15min,用去离子水洗涤两次所获得沉淀。室温下用2MNaOH调节pH至7.0,通过冷冻干燥得到大豆分离蛋白(SPI)粉末。(2)配置5%(w/v)的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)溶液,其中溶液的溶剂为pH为6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,在25-30℃下磁力搅拌2h,在冰箱中使蛋白溶液水化过夜(4-6℃),同时加入0.02%(w/v)叠氮化钠(NaN3)作为防腐剂抑制微生物生长,防止溶液变质。(3)配置pH为2.5的EGCG溶液(10wt%)备用。将SPI溶液70-90℃下水浴加热10-30min,随后将EGCG溶液加入到SPI溶液中(SPI与EGCG摩尔比为1:1,1:2,1:4),样品涡旋20s,立即冰水浴冷却到室温(20-25℃),向复合颗粒样品中加入大豆油,油水体积比为1:3,1:5,1:7。然后使用IKA乳化机以10000rmp高速均质2-5min,得到SPI-EGCG纳米复合颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多酚-蛋白热聚集自组装的Pickering乳液的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)粉末制备工艺中蒸馏水与脱脂豆粉的混合优选比例为10:1,室温下搅拌时间为2h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多酚-蛋白热聚集自组装的Pickering乳液的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述SPI溶液中的搅拌的最佳温度为25℃,最佳水化过夜温度为4℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多酚-蛋白热聚集自组装的Pickering乳液的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述将SPI溶液水浴加热的最佳温度为90℃,水浴加热时间为20min,EGCG溶液加入到SPI溶液中时的SPI与EGCG最佳的摩尔比为1:4,油水最佳比例为1:5,最佳均质时间为2min。
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