CN111837584B

CN111837584B - Damage-reducing laying compaction device of potato and onion harvester

Info

Publication number: CN111837584B
Application number: CN202010846075.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏忠彩; 王法明; 李学强; 王金梅; 苏国粱; 孙传祝; 张祥彩; 王宪良; 李润涛; 王相友
Original assignee: Shandong University of Technology
Current assignee: Shandong University of Technology
Priority date: 2020-08-21
Filing date: 2020-08-21
Publication date: 2022-06-10
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-21
Also published as: CN111837584A

Abstract

The invention provides a damage-reducing laying compaction device of a potato and onion harvester, which comprises a rack, a floating device and a soil compacting walking device, wherein the rack comprises a stand column, a reinforcing rod, a vertical plate, a cross rod, a connecting rod and a lug, and the damage-reducing laying compaction device is characterized in that: floating installation includes the support arm, the arm floats, the adjustment swivel nut, adjustment lead screw and compression spring, 2U-shaped sides of support arm that are the U-shaped structure respectively stretch out towards the same direction with U-shaped plane looks vertically has lug III, and it equals to be equipped with the diameter on the lug III, the coaxial round hole of axis, firming running gear is including the firming roller, the right angle frame, scraper and land wheel, the firming roller supports in the round hole that lug V one end was kept away from at the arm float through the round pin axle at both ends, 2 right angle frames that the cross-section is right angle shape are installed at the lower surface that the arm float was equipped with firming roller one end through a right angle curb plate. The invention has good loss reduction and prevention effects, can compact the ground surface by using the self weight of machines, reduces the submerging rate of potatoes and onions and improves the harvest quality.

Description

Damage-reducing laying compaction device of potato and onion harvester

Technical Field

The invention provides a loss-reducing laying compaction device of a potato and onion harvester, which is mainly used for loss reduction and loss prevention in the mechanized harvesting process of potatoes and onions.

Background

Potatoes and onions are typically grown in a ridge culture. At present, in the existing potato and onion sectional type harvester, potato-soil mixtures and onion-soil mixtures directly fall on the ground surface after harvesting after separation and soil cleaning and impurity removal processes are finished on a separation screen, and the ground surface after harvesting is higher than the original furrow, so that potato blocks falling on the edge close to the furrow slide to the furrow, and rolling damage is caused to the potato blocks and the onion due to driving of tractor tires and harvester land wheels. Meanwhile, the scattered soil is not compacted, so that the sweet potato rate is influenced, or the onion is buried, and unnecessary loss is caused. If the post-harvest ground surface compaction operation can be carried out according to the operation conditions, namely, the damage-reducing laying compaction device which can realize convenient adjustment and automatic adjustment of the post-harvest ground surface is used, the separated potato blocks and the onion fall to the post-harvest ground surface after soil compaction, so that the effects of clean harvest, further reduction of the potato damage rate and the onion loss rate, accurate and reliable adjustment and improvement of the harvest quality are achieved.

At present, domestic potato and onion harvesting mechanization is basically popularized, and the side flow prevention and loss reduction in the harvesting process are the key points for ensuring the harvesting quality of the potatoes and the onions. In order to realize the side flow and loss prevention of potato harvesting, the invention provides a side flow and loss prevention self-adaptive soil compacting device of a potato harvester, and the application number is as follows: 202010772109.2. in order to further improve the compaction effect and the harvest quality, the invention provides a national invention patent 'loss reduction and prevention elastic control soil compaction mechanism of a potato harvester', and the application number is as follows: 202010772075.7. the two technologies can realize compaction and leveling operation in the potato harvesting process, especially can realize lateral flow prevention, loss reduction and loss prevention and improve the potato harvesting quality to a certain extent. However, field experiments find that the two technologies only rely on the self weight of the soil pressing roller to compact and harvest the ground surface is far from enough, and the acting force applied to the ground surface by the soil pressing roller is insufficient, so that the soil compacting effect is poor, partial side flow and burying phenomena of potatoes and onions are caused, and unnecessary harvest loss is generated. Therefore, how to increase the compaction acting force of the soil compaction roller is the core influencing the soil compaction working reliability of the potato and onion harvester, is also the technical key for determining the harvest quality of the potatoes and the onions, and is the urgent practical engineering requirement for improving the adaptability of the potato and onion harvester to different harvest conditions. In view of the current situation of potato and onion harvesting machines, a damage-reducing laying compaction device is urgently needed, the acting force applied to the ground surface by a compaction roller can be increased, and the potato and onion harvesting machine can realize compaction operation by using the self weight of the machine tool.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a double-shaking separation potato harvester damage-reducing laying and gathering device which can realize damage-reducing laying, automatically level soil on the ground surface of a harvested potato harvester, realize floating adjustment, work stability and reliability and has a wide application range.

The technical scheme is as follows: comprises a frame, a floating device and a soil compacting walking device, wherein the frame comprises a stand column, a reinforcing rod, a vertical plate, a cross rod, a connecting rod and a lug, one end of 2 reinforcing rods in a straight rod shape is respectively fixedly connected with the stand column in the straight rod shape, the end parts of the 2 reinforcing rods close to the stand column are connected with the stand column together, the cross rod comprises a cross rod I and a cross rod II, one end of 2 cross rods I arranged up and down is respectively fixedly connected with the upper end and the lower end of the stand column of a combination body formed by 1 stand column and 2 reinforcing rods, the combination body formed by the 2 cross rods I, 1 stand column and 2 reinforcing rods is perpendicular to the plane, the other end of the 2 cross rods I arranged up and down is respectively fixedly connected with the upper end and the lower end of the stand column of another combination body formed by 1 stand column and 2 reinforcing rods, and the other combination body formed by the 2 stand column and 2 reinforcing rods is perpendicular to the plane, two ends of 1 transverse rod II are respectively fixedly connected with the joints of 2 reinforcing rods of 2 combinations respectively consisting of 2 vertical columns and 2 reinforcing rods far away from the end parts of the vertical columns, the inner sides of 2 combinations respectively consisting of 1 vertical column and 2 reinforcing rods, which are connected together by 2 transverse rods I and 1 transverse rod II, are respectively fixed with a flat plate-shaped vertical plate, the vertical plate surface plumb bob of the combination consisting of 2 vertical columns, 4 reinforcing rods, 2 vertical plates, 2 transverse rods I and 1 transverse rod II is arranged and is parallel to the advancing direction of the potato and onion harvester, the joints of 2 reinforcing rods far away from the end parts of the vertical columns face the advancing direction deviating from the potato and onion harvester, the transverse rods I and the transverse rods II are horizontally arranged and are perpendicular to the advancing direction of the potato and onion harvester in front, the lower edges of 2 vertical plates all extend outwards to form flanges, the lower end of the upright post is positioned on one side of the heading direction deviating from the harvester for potatoes and onions, a lug I is fixed on the lug I, a round hole is arranged on the lug I, one end of 2 connecting rods with lugs II fixed in the middle is respectively inserted into the upright post from the lower ends of the 2 upright posts, the lug II fixed on the upright post faces the heading direction deviating from the harvester for potatoes and onions, a round hole with the diameter equal to that of the round hole of the lug I is arranged on the lug II, the axis of the round hole on the lug II is coaxial with that of the round hole on the lug I, one end of a screw rod is fixed in the round hole of the lug II, the other end of the screw rod is provided with 1 nut and then inserted into the lug I, the other 1 nut is arranged at the extending end penetrating through the lug I, the floating device comprises a supporting arm, a floating arm, an adjusting screw sleeve, an adjusting screw rod and a compression spring, lugs III respectively extend out from 2U-shaped side edges of the supporting arm with a U-shaped structure in the same direction perpendicular to a U-shaped plane, round holes with equal diameter and coaxial axes are arranged on the lugs III, 2U-shaped side edges of the supporting arm face to the direction away from the lugs III and the direction away from the bottom edge of the U-shaped side edges respectively extend out of the lugs IV, round holes with equal diameter and coaxial axes are arranged on the lugs IV, 2 supporting arms are respectively arranged at the end parts of 2 connecting rods of the frame far away from the upright post through the inner surfaces of the U-shaped bottom edge and the 2U-shaped side edges, the U-shaped opening of the supporting arm faces to the advancing direction away from the potato and onion harvester, the lugs III extend downwards to the outside of the end surface of the connecting rod far away from the upright post in the direction away from the upright post, a spring seat plate I which is in a rectangular plate shape and provided with a round hole in the middle part is hinged in the coaxial round holes of the 2 lugs IV, round holes are respectively arranged at the two ends and the middle part of a floating arm in a straight rod shape, the axes of the 3 round holes are mutually parallel, one end of the floating arm faces to the length direction vertical to the floating arm, And 2 lugs V extend out in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the round hole of the floating arm, and are provided with round holes with coaxial axes on 2 lugs V, 2 floating arms are hinged in the round hole of a lug III of 2 supporting arms through a middle round hole, one end provided with the lug V faces the direction deviating from the advancing direction of the harvester for potatoes and onions and is positioned at one side of a lug IV close to the supporting arm, a spring seat plate II is arranged in the middle, one end of an adjusting screw rod with external threads on the excircle is hinged on the lug V, a compression spring is sleeved on the adjusting screw rod from one end far away from the lug V, two ends of the compression spring are respectively attached to the surfaces of the spring seat plate I and the spring seat plate II, an inner hole of the adjusting screw sleeve in a sleeve shape is provided with internal threads, an extending end of the adjusting screw rod far away from the lug V after penetrating through the round hole of the spring seat plate I is provided with an adjusting screw sleeve, and the soil compacting walking device comprises a soil compacting roller, a right-angle frame, a soil scraping plate and a ground wheel, be the cylinder shape, and the round pin axle that both ends all were equipped with the round pin axle supports in the round hole that lug V one end was kept away from to the armpit at the floating arm through the round pin axle at both ends, 2 right angle framves that the cross-section is the right angle shape are installed at the lower surface that the arm was equipped with the armpit one end through a right angle shape curb plate, and another right angle shape curb plate of 2 right angle framves all is located the inboard of floating arm, the scraper that is the rectangular plate shape is installed in the lug V one side that is close to the floating arm of armpit shape, and the scraper is "it is low to be close to soil pressing roller one side, keep away from the high inclined state of soil pressing roller one side", 2 ground wheels support in the round hole that the arm is close to lug V one end through the round pin axle that one end stretches out, and 2 ground wheels all are located the arm inboard that floats.

The loss-reducing laying compaction device of the potato and onion harvester is characterized in that the distance between the outer end faces of the 2 ground wheels is equal to the length of the soil compacting roller.

The loss-reducing laying compaction device of the potato and onion harvester is characterized in that the distance between the inner end surfaces of the 2 ground wheels is equal to the length of the soil compacting roller.

On the basis of the prior art, one end of 2 straight-bar-shaped reinforcing rods is respectively fixedly connected with a straight-bar-shaped upright post, the end parts, close to the upright post, of the 2 reinforcing rods are connected with the upright post, each transverse rod comprises a transverse rod I and a transverse rod II, one end of each 2 transverse rods I arranged up and down is respectively fixedly connected with the upper end and the lower end of the upright post of a combination body formed by 1 upright post and 2 reinforcing rods, the plane of the combination body formed by the 2 transverse rods I, 1 upright post and 2 reinforcing rods is vertical to the plane, the other end of each 2 transverse rods I arranged up and down is respectively fixedly connected with the upper end and the lower end of the upright post of another combination body 1 formed by the 1 upright post and 2 reinforcing rods, the plane of the other combination body 1 formed by the 2 transverse rods I, 1 upright post and 2 reinforcing rods is vertical to the plane, and two ends of the 1 transverse rods II are respectively and fixedly connected with the transverse rods I, The inner side surfaces of 2 combinations respectively consisting of 1 upright post and 2 reinforcing rods which are respectively formed by 1 upright post and 2 reinforcing rods are fixedly connected with a joint far away from the end part of the upright post, the inner side surfaces of 2 combinations respectively consisting of 1 upright post and 2 reinforcing rods which are connected together by 2 transverse rods I and 1 transverse rod II are respectively fixed with a vertical plate in a flat plate shape, the vertical plate surfaces of the combinations consisting of 2 upright posts, 4 reinforcing rods, 2 vertical plates, 2 transverse rods I and 1 transverse rod II are arranged in a plumb manner and are parallel to the advancing direction of the potato and onion harvester, the joint far away from the end part of each reinforcing rod faces to the advancing direction departing from the potato and onion harvester, the transverse rods I and the transverse rods II are horizontally arranged and are vertical to the advancing direction of the front potato and onion harvester, flanges are respectively extended outwards from the lower edges of the 2 vertical plates, lugs I are fixed on one sides of the lower ends of the upright posts, which are positioned away from the advancing direction of the potato and onion harvester, and the lug I is provided with a round hole, one end of 2 connecting rods of which the middle parts are fixed with lugs II is respectively inserted into the upright post from the lower end of the 2 upright posts, the lugs II fixed on the upright post face to the direction deviating from the advancing direction of the potato and onion harvester, the lugs II are provided with round holes with the diameter equal to that of the round holes of the lugs I, the round holes on the lugs II are coaxial with the axis of the round holes on the lugs I, one end of a screw is fixed in the round holes of the lugs II, the other end of the screw is provided with 1 nut and then is inserted into the lugs I, the other 1 nut is arranged at the extending end penetrating through the lugs I, 2U-shaped side edges of a U-shaped structure of the floating device respectively extend with lugs III in the same direction vertical to a U-shaped plane, the lugs III are provided with round holes with the same diameter and coaxial axis, and 2U-shaped side edges of the supporting arms respectively extend with lugs IV in the direction far away from the lugs III and the bottom edges of the U shape, and the lugs IV are provided with round holes with equal diameter and coaxial axes, 2 supporting arms are respectively arranged at the end parts, far away from the upright post, of 2 connecting rods of the frame through the inner surfaces of the U-shaped bottom edge and 2U-shaped side edges, the U-shaped opening of each supporting arm faces to the advancing direction far away from the potato and onion harvester, the lugs III extend downwards to the outside of the end surface, far away from the upright post, of the connecting rods, a spring seat plate I which is in a rectangular plate shape and is provided with a round hole in the middle is hinged in the coaxial round holes of the 2 lugs IV, the two ends and the middle of a floating arm which is in a straight rod shape are provided with round holes, the axes of 3 round holes are parallel to each other, one end of the floating arm faces to the direction vertical to the length of the floating arm and extends out of 2 lugs V in the direction vertical to the axis of the round holes of the floating arm, the 2 lugs V are provided with coaxial round holes in the axis, the 2 floating arms are hinged in the round holes of the lugs III of the 2 supporting arms through the middle of the round holes, one end provided with a lug V faces the advancing direction departing from the potato and onion harvester and is positioned on one side of a lug IV close to a supporting arm, a spring seat plate II is arranged in the middle, one end of an adjusting screw rod with external threads on the excircle is hinged on the lug V, a compression spring is sleeved on the adjusting screw rod from one end far away from the lug V, two ends of the compression spring are respectively attached to the surfaces of a spring seat plate I and a spring seat plate II, an inner thread is arranged in an adjusting screw sleeve hole in a sleeve shape, an adjusting screw sleeve is arranged at the extending end of the other end of the adjusting screw rod far away from the lug V, which passes through a round hole of the spring seat plate I, an adjusting screw sleeve is arranged at the extending end, a soil compacting walking device is cylindrical, a soil compacting roller with pin shafts arranged at two ends is supported in the round hole of one end, far away from the lug V, of a floating arm through pin shafts at two ends, 2 frames with right-angle sections are arranged on the lower surface of one end, provided with the soil compacting roller, of the floating arm, through a right-angle side plate, and another right-angle shape curb plate of 2 right-angle framves all is located the inboard of floating arm, and the scraper that is the flat plate shape of rectangle is installed in the protruding lug V one side that is close to the floating arm of firming roller, and the scraper is the tilt state of "lower, keeping away from a firming roller side height near firming roller one side", and 2 ground wheels support in the round hole that the floating arm is close to protruding lug V one end through the round pin axle that one end stretches out, and 2 ground wheels all are located the floating arm inboard. The distance between the outer end faces of the 2 ground wheels is equal to the length of the soil compacting roller, or the distance between the inner end faces of the 2 ground wheels is equal to the length of the soil compacting roller.

The working principle is as follows: a damage-reducing laying compaction device of a potato and onion harvester comprises a frame, a floating device and a soil compacting walking device. The compaction mode that the soil pressing roller is arranged in front of the soil pressing roller and the land wheel is arranged behind the soil pressing roller and the land wheel are designed into an integrated structure, so that the self weight of the machine is fully utilized to level and compact the soft ground surface after harvesting. The inner hole of the adjusting screw sleeve is provided with threads which are screwed outside the adjusting screw rod so as to adjust the distance between the tail end of the adjusting screw sleeve and the adjusting screw rod, thereby adjusting the pressing force of the compression spring, namely adjusting the swing amplitude of the land wheel and the soil pressing roller relative to the frame, and achieving the purpose of compacting the harvesting ground surface under different harvesting working conditions.

In the harvesting process, the soil pressing roller is positioned in front of the land wheels, the tractor drives the potato and onion harvester to move forwards, and the soil pressing roller rotates forwards under the traction action of the tractor. When the potato and onion harvester is in an operation condition that the ground surface is not flat, the soil compacting rollers and the ground wheels fixed at the two ends of the floating arm can realize timely floating adjustment, and proper floating is favorable for realizing the effects of obstacle avoidance, stable running and resistance reduction and smoothness. In order to solve the problem of poor soil compacting effect only by means of the self weight of the soil compacting roller, the soil compacting roller and the land wheel are fixed at two ends of the floating arm, and 2 connecting rods arranged on the rack are far away from the end part of the upright post, so that the self weight of machines including a separating device, an excavating device and other parts can be fully utilized to realize compaction operation; meanwhile, the distance between the tail end of the adjusting threaded sleeve and the adjusting screw rod can be adjusted, the spring seat plate I does not limit the adjusting threaded sleeve to extend upwards, but the spring seat plate I can limit the adjusting threaded sleeve to retract downwards, namely, the adjusting threaded sleeve and the spring seat plate I are in relative sliding relation, so that the compaction acting force applied to a soft ground surface to be compacted is changed, and the harvesting quality is ensured. The floating device can determine the degree of leveling and compaction of the soil compacting roller according to the harvesting working conditions of the potatoes and the onions and the soil condition, so that the floating soil compacting roller has the functions of floating soil compacting, resistance reduction and obstacle avoidance. Meanwhile, the soil compaction degree of the soil compaction roller can be adjusted by replacing compression springs with different pretightening forces according to the soil condition of the harvested land. According to the field operation requirement, the positions of the floating device and the soil compacting walking device can be achieved by adjusting the positions of the upper nut and the lower nut of the lug I.

In the mechanical harvesting and compacting operation process of potatoes and onions, under the operation working conditions of stones or earth surface bulges and the like in front of the soil compacting roller, the soil compacting roller of the soil compacting walking device is lifted upwards, one side of the floating arm close to the soil compacting roller is lifted upwards, and the compression spring is released to be lengthened; when the working conditions such as concave surface and the like are met, the soil compacting roller of the soil compacting walking device moves downwards, the side, close to the ground wheel, of the floating arm is lifted upwards, and the compression spring is further compressed and shortened; therefore, under the complex field harvesting environment, the working reliability of the compaction process can be ensured through the floating adjustment between the soil compacting roller and the ground wheel. After the harvested soft soil is compacted, the potatoes and the onions are picked up, so that the net harvesting rate of the potatoes and the onions can be remarkably improved, and the harvesting loss of the potatoes and the onions is reduced. In order to avoid the influence of hilling in the field operation on the operation reliability of the damage-reducing laying compaction device, the soil scraping plate positioned behind the soil pressing roller can timely remove the soil adhered to the soil pressing roller.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the damage-reducing laying compaction device of the potato and onion harvester is additionally arranged, the soil-pressing roller and the land wheel are arranged at the two ends of the floating arm, the compaction laying operation can be completed by fully utilizing the whole weight of the potato and onion harvester, the compaction degree of the harvested ground surface can be adjusted, and the effects of floating soil pressing, resistance reduction and obstacle avoidance are realized. Meanwhile, the soil pressing roller, the soil scraping plate, the land wheel and the floating arm are all in a real-time floating operation state under the working condition that the soil is fluctuated and the soil block exists. Simultaneously the device can adjust and control according to soil operating mode, has avoided potato and onion to roll crushing nature damage, and furthest has ensured the results quality of potato and onion, has saved the manpower, has improved efficiency, also helps reducing the landfill rate of the mechanized results of potato and onion simultaneously, promotes and receives the clean rate.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in another orientation;

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the embodiment of the flotation device and the soil compacting running gear of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the alternative orientation of the flotation device and the soil compacting running gear of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the frame of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

fig. 6 is an isometric view of another embodiment of the flotation device and the compacted soil walking device shown in fig. 1.

Detailed Description

1. The soil compacting device comprises a stand column 2, a reinforcing rod 3, a vertical plate 4, a connecting rod 5, a cross rod I6, a cross rod II 7, a lug I8, a lug II 9, a screw rod 10, a supporting arm 11, a floating arm 12, an adjusting screw sleeve 13, an adjusting screw rod 14, a compression spring 15, a lug III 16, a lug IV 17, a spring seat plate I18, a lug II 19, a spring seat plate II 20, a soil compacting roller 21, a right-angle frame 22, a soil scraping plate 23 and a land wheel.

In the embodiments shown in fig. 1 to 5: 2 the one end of the stiffener 2 that is the straight rod shape form respectively with the stand 1 fixed connection who is the straight rod shape form, and 2 the tip that the stiffener 2 is close to stand 1 links together with stand 1, the horizontal pole includes horizontal pole I5 and

horizontal pole

6, 2 the one end of horizontal pole I5 that are arranged from top to bottom respectively with stand 1 upper and lower both ends fixed connection of the combination that comprises 1

stand

1 and 2

stiffeners

2, and 2 horizontal pole I5 is perpendicular with the combination place plane that 1 stand 1 and 2 stiffeners 2 constitute, 2 the other end of horizontal pole I5 that are arranged from top to bottom respectively with 1 upper and lower both ends fixed connection of stand 1 of 1 combination of another combination that comprises 1

stand

1 and 2

stiffeners

2, and 2 horizontal pole I5 is perpendicular with the plane that 1 combination of another 1 combination that 1 stand 1 and 2 stiffeners 2 constitute, the both ends of 1 horizontal pole II 6 respectively with 2 horizontal pole I5 fixed connection together, 2 pieces of reinforcing rods 2 of 2 assemblies respectively consisting of 1 piece of

upright post

1 and 2 pieces of reinforcing rods 2 are fixedly connected with the joint part far away from the end part of the

upright post

1, 2 pieces of cross rods I5 and 1 piece of cross rods II 6 are connected together, 2 pieces of assembly inner side surfaces respectively consisting of 1 piece of

upright post

1 and 2 pieces of reinforcing rods 2 are respectively fixed with a flat plate-shaped vertical plate 3, the vertical plate 3 of the assembly consisting of 2 pieces of

upright posts

1, 4 pieces of reinforcing

rods

2, 2 pieces of

vertical plates

3, 2 pieces of cross rods I5 and 1 piece of cross rods II 6 are arranged with a plumb bob and are parallel to the advancing direction of a potato and onion harvester, the joint part far away from the end part of the upright post 1 of the 2 pieces of reinforcing rods faces the advancing direction deviating from the potato and onion harvester, the cross rods I5 and the cross rods II 6 are horizontally arranged and are vertical to the advancing direction of the front potato and onion harvester, and the lower edge of the 2 pieces of vertical plates 3 all extend outwards to form a flange, the lower end of the upright post 1 is positioned at one side of the advancing direction deviating from the potato and onion harvester, a lug I7 is fixed on the lug I7, a round hole is arranged on the lug I7, one end of 2 connecting rods 4 with lugs II 8 fixed in the middle are respectively inserted into the upright post 1 from the lower ends of the 2 upright posts 1, the lugs II 8 fixed on the upright post 1 face the advancing direction deviating from the potato and onion harvester, round holes with the diameter equal to that of the round holes of the lugs I7 are arranged on the lugs II 8, the round holes on the lugs II 8 are coaxial with the axis of the round holes on the lugs I7, one end of a screw 9 is fixed in the round holes of the lugs II 8, 1 nut is arranged at the other end and then inserted into the lugs I7, another 1 nut is arranged at the extending end penetrating through the lugs I7, lugs III 15 respectively extend out of 2U-shaped side edges of the supporting arm 10 with the U-shaped structure in the same direction perpendicular to the U-shaped plane, and lugs III 15 are arranged with the same diameter, Round holes with coaxial axes, 2U-shaped side edges of the supporting arm 10 are towards the direction far away from the lug III 15 and far away from the U-shaped bottom edge, lugs IV 16 respectively extend out, round holes with the same diameter and coaxial axes are arranged on the lugs IV 16, 2 supporting arms 10 are respectively arranged at the end parts of 2 connecting rods 4 far away from the upright post 1 of the frame through the inner surfaces of the U-shaped bottom edge and the 2U-shaped side edges, the U-shaped opening of the supporting arm 10 is towards the advancing direction far away from the potato and onion harvester, the lugs III 15 downwards extend out of the end surface far away from the upright post 1 of the connecting rod 4 towards the direction far away from the upright post 1, a spring seat plate I17 which is in a rectangular plate shape and is provided with a round hole in the middle part is hinged in the coaxial round holes of the 2 lugs IV 16, round holes are respectively arranged at the two ends and the middle part of a floating arm 11 in a straight rod shape, the axes of the 3 round holes are mutually parallel, one end of the floating arm 11 is perpendicular to the length direction of the floating arm 11, And the axis direction of the round hole perpendicular to the floating arm 11 stretches out 2 lugs V18, and the 2 lugs V18 are provided with round holes with coaxial axes, the 2 floating arms 11 are hinged in the round holes of lugs III 15 of the 2 supporting arms 10 through a round hole at the middle part, one end provided with the lugs V18 faces the advancing direction departing from the harvester for potatoes and onions and is positioned at one side of a lug IV 16 close to the supporting arm 10, the middle part is provided with a spring seat plate II 19, one end of an adjusting screw rod 13 with external threads at the excircle is hinged on the lug V18, a compression spring 14 is sleeved on the adjusting screw rod 13 from one end far away from the lug V18, two ends of the compression spring 14 are respectively attached to the plate surfaces of the spring seat plate I17 and the spring seat plate II 19, the inner hole of the adjusting screw sleeve 12 in the shape is provided with internal threads, the extending end of the adjusting screw rod 13 far away from the other end of the lugs V18 after passing through the round hole of the spring seat plate I17 is provided with the adjusting screw sleeve 12, the soil compacting roller 20 of the soil compacting walking device, which is in a cylindrical shape and is provided with pin shafts at two ends, is supported in a round hole at one end of the floating arm 11 far away from the lug V18 through the pin shafts at the two ends, 2 right-angle frames 21 with right-angle sections are arranged on the lower surface of one end of the floating arm 11, which is provided with the soil compacting roller 20, through a right-angle side plate, and the other right-angle side plate of the 2 right-angle frames 21 is positioned at the inner side of the floating arm 11, a soil scraping plate 22 in a rectangular flat plate shape is arranged at one side of the soil compacting roller 20 close to the lug V18 of the floating arm 11, and the scraper 22 is in an inclined state of being low at one side close to the soil compacting roller 20 and high at one side far away from the

soil compacting roller

20, 2 ground wheels 23 are supported in a round hole at one end of the floating arm 11 close to the lug V18 through a pin shaft extending out of one end, the 2 ground wheels 23 are all positioned at the inner side of the floating arm 11, and the distance between the outer end faces of the 2 ground wheels 23 is equal to the length of the soil compacting roller 20.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 6: the distance between the inner end faces of the 2 ground wheels 23 is equal to the length of the soil compacting roller 20.

Claims

1. A damage-reducing laying compaction device of a potato and onion harvester comprises a frame, a floating device and a soil compacting walking device, wherein the frame comprises a stand column (1), a reinforcing rod (2), a vertical plate (3), a cross rod, a connecting rod (4) and lugs, one end of the 2 straight-rod-shaped reinforcing rods (2) is respectively fixedly connected with the stand column (1) in the straight-rod shape, the end parts of the 2 reinforcing rods (2) close to the stand column (1) are connected with the stand column (1), the cross rod comprises a cross rod I (5) and a cross rod II (6), one end of the 2 cross rods I (5) which are arranged up and down is respectively fixedly connected with the upper end and the lower end of the stand column (1) of a combination body consisting of the 1 stand column (1) and the 2 reinforcing rods (2), and the plane of the combination body consisting of the 2 cross rods I (5) and the 1 stand column (1) and the 2 reinforcing rods (2) is vertical, the other end of 2 cross rods I (5) which are arranged up and down is respectively fixedly connected with the upper end and the lower end of an upright post (1) of another 1 combination body which is composed of 1 upright post (1) and 2 reinforcing rods (2), the 2 cross rods I (5) are vertical to the plane of another 1 combination body which is composed of 1 upright post (1) and 2 reinforcing rods (2), the two ends of 1 cross rod II (6) are respectively fixedly connected with the joint of the 2 reinforcing rods (2) of the 2 combination bodies which are composed of 1 upright post (1) and 2 reinforcing rods (2) and are fixedly connected together by 2 cross rods I (5), the inner side surfaces of the 2 combination bodies which are respectively composed of 1 upright post (1) and 2 reinforcing rods (2) and are connected together by 2 cross rods I (5) and 1 cross rod II (6) are all fixed with a vertical plate (3) which is in a flat plate shape, by 2 stand (1), 4 stiffener (2), 2 riser (3), the riser (3) face plummet of the assembly that 2 horizontal pole I (5) and 1 horizontal pole II (6) constitute is arranged, and be on a parallel with the direction of advance of potato and onion harvester, 2 stiffener (2) keep away from the junction of stand (1) tip towards the direction that deviates from potato and onion harvester and advances, horizontal pole I (5) and horizontal pole II (6) equal horizontal arrangement, and perpendicular to the place ahead potato and onion harvester direction of advance, the lower limb of 2 riser (3) all stretches out to the outside has the flange, its characterized in that: the lower extreme of stand (1) is located the direction of advance one side that deviates from potato and onion harvester and is fixed with lug I (7), and be equipped with the round hole on lug I (7), 2 connecting rod (4) one end that the middle part was fixed with lug II (8) insert stand (1) from 2 stand (1) lower extremes respectively in, lug II (8) fixed on stand (1) are towards the direction of advance that deviates from potato and onion harvester, be equipped with the round hole that the diameter equals with the round hole diameter of lug I (7) on lug II (8), and the round hole on lug II (8) is coaxial with the round hole axis on lug I (7), screw rod (9) one end is fixed in lug II (8) round hole, the other end is equipped with in 1 nut inserts lug I (7) after being equipped with, the end that stretches out that passes lug I (7) is equipped with 1 nut in addition, floating installation includes support arm (10), The utility model discloses a floating arm (11), adjustment swivel nut (12), adjustment lead screw (13) and compression spring (14), 2U-shaped sides of support arm (10) that are the U-shaped structure respectively stretch out towards the same direction that is perpendicular with the U-shaped plane and have lug III (15), and be equipped with the diameter equal on lug III (15), the coaxial round hole of axis, 2U-shaped sides of support arm (10) are towards keeping away from lug III (15), and the direction of keeping away from the U-shaped base respectively stretches out and have lug IV (16), and be equipped with the diameter equal on lug IV (16), the coaxial round hole of axis, 2 support arm (10) are installed respectively in 2 connecting rod (4) of frame through the internal surface of U-shaped base and 2U-shaped sides and are kept away from the tip of stand (1), the U-shaped opening of support arm (10) is towards the direction of advancing that deviates from potato and onion harvester, and lug III (15) are stretched out downwards to connecting rod (4) towards the direction of keeping away from stand (1) and are kept away from the terminal surface that stand (1) are kept away from stand (4) to Besides, the spring seat plate I (17) which is rectangular plate-shaped and is provided with a round hole in the middle is hinged in the coaxial round holes of 2 lugs IV (16), the two ends and the middle of the floating arm (11) which is straight rod-shaped are provided with round holes, the axes of 3 round holes are parallel to each other, one end of the floating arm (11) is vertical to the length direction of the floating arm (11) and extends out of 2 lugs V (18) in the direction vertical to the axis of the round hole of the floating arm (11), the round holes with coaxial axes are arranged on the 2 lugs V (18), the 2 floating arm (11) is hinged in the round hole of a lug III (15) of the 2 supporting arms (10) through the round hole in the middle, one end provided with the lug V (18) is towards the advancing direction deviating from the potato and onion harvester and is positioned on one side of the lug IV (16) close to the supporting arms (10), the spring seat plate II (19) is arranged in the middle, one end of the adjusting screw rod (13) with external threads on the excircle is hinged on the lug V (18), the soil compacting walking device comprises a soil compacting roller (20), a right-angle frame (21), a soil scraping plate (22) and a land wheel (23), wherein the soil compacting roller (20) which is in a cylindrical shape and provided with pin shafts at two ends is supported in the round hole at one end of the floating arm (11) far away from the lug V (18) through the pin shafts at two ends, 2 frames (21) with right-angle cross sections are arranged on the lower surface of one end of the floating arm (11) provided with the soil compacting roller (20) through a right-angle side plate, and another right-angle shape curb plate of 2 right-angle framves (21) all is located the inboard of floating arm (11), scraper blade (22) that is the rectangular plate shape is installed and is being close to lug V (18) one side of floating arm (11) of firming roller (20), and scraper blade (22) are "close to the low of firming roller (20) one side, keep away from the high slope state of firming roller (20) one side", 2 ground wheels (23) support in the round hole that floating arm (11) is close to lug V (18) one end through the round pin axle that one end stretches out, and 2 ground wheels (23) all are located floating arm (11) inboardly.

2. A potato and onion harvester loss of weight compaction device as in claim 1 wherein: the distance between the outer end faces of the 2 pieces of land wheels (23) is equal to the length of the soil pressing roller (20).

3. A potato and onion harvester loss of weight compaction device as in claim 1 wherein: the distance between the inner end faces of the 2 ground wheels (23) is equal to the length of the soil compacting roller (20).