CN111837496A - Water-saving drought-resisting technology for agricultural development - Google Patents
Water-saving drought-resisting technology for agricultural development Download PDFInfo
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- CN111837496A CN111837496A CN202010752013.XA CN202010752013A CN111837496A CN 111837496 A CN111837496 A CN 111837496A CN 202010752013 A CN202010752013 A CN 202010752013A CN 111837496 A CN111837496 A CN 111837496A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/165—Cyclic operations, timing systems, timing valves, impulse operations
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-saving drought-resisting technology for agricultural development, which comprises the following steps: comprises field ground irrigation technology, pipeline water delivery irrigation technology, micro irrigation technology, sprinkling irrigation technology and timing irrigation technology; the water-saving anti-early cultivation technology comprises the following steps: comprises a deep ploughing and deep scarification technology, a balanced fertilization technology and a film covering technology. The invention has the advantages of utilizing scientific and reasonable irrigation technology to carry out agricultural planting, effectively utilizing water resources and saving the water resources to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a water-saving drought-resisting technology for agricultural development.
Background
Agriculture is an industry for obtaining products by artificial cultivation by utilizing growth and development rules of animals and plants. Agriculture belongs to the first industry, and the science for researching agriculture is agriculture. The agricultural working object is living animals and plants, and the obtained products are the animals and plants. Agriculture is a fundamental industry for supporting national economic construction and development.
The Chinese breadth is wide, the types and cultivation systems of crops are different from south to north across tropical zone, subtropical zone, temperate zone and cold temperate zone, and the regional difference is very obvious from three seasons in one year, two seasons in one year to one season in one year. According to the difference of geography, climate conditions and cultivation system, the method can be divided into tropical agriculture, subtropical agriculture, temperate agriculture and cold temperate agriculture; from the southeast coast to the northwest plateau, with the change of natural conditions and resource types, agriculture in agricultural areas, agriculture in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas and agriculture in pastoral areas can be divided. Agriculture is a source of basic living data on which the human society depends to live, is a premise and a further development foundation for the independent production departments of social division of labor and other departments of national economy, and is also a foundation for the existence and development of all non-production departments. The scale and the speed of the development of other departments of national economy are all limited by the development level of agricultural productivity and the high and low agricultural labor productivity.
The biggest restriction factor of agricultural production is the amount of water resources, and the growth of any crops can not be separated from boiling water, so that the water is the decisive factor of agricultural production.
In China, when a lot of crops are planted in land, the initial irrigation mode is adopted for irrigating the crops, namely, the water drainage bag is directly used for the field, and most of water can be consumed in the drainage process, so that the waste of water resources is greatly increased, and the long-term development is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water-saving drought-resisting technology for agricultural development, which has the advantages of utilizing a scientific and reasonable irrigation technology to perform agricultural planting, effectively utilizing water resources and saving water resources to the maximum extent, and solves the problems that most of water is consumed in the irrigation drainage process, so that the waste of water resources is greatly increased and the long-term development is not facilitated.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a water-saving drought-resisting technology for agricultural development, a water-saving irrigation technology: comprises field ground irrigation technology, pipeline water delivery irrigation technology, micro irrigation technology, sprinkling irrigation technology and timing irrigation technology; the water-saving anti-early cultivation technology comprises the following steps: comprises a deep ploughing and deep scarification technology, a balanced fertilization technology and a film covering technology.
As a further scheme of the invention, the water-saving irrigation technology comprises the following steps:
s1, field ground irrigation technology: the soil channel on the edge of the field ground is changed into a concrete channel for water delivery irrigation, so that 20% of water can be saved; and three quarters of the inside of the concrete channel close to the upper part of one side of the field soil are provided with irrigation holes, and excessive water can seep into the field soil through the irrigation holes in the concrete channel to increase the water content of the field soil;
s2, pipeline water delivery irrigation technology: the low-pressure pipeline is buried underground through pipeline pre-burying equipment, a waterproof layer covers the surface of the low-pressure pipeline, meanwhile, two sealing structures are arranged at the joint of the low-pressure pipeline, the initial section of the low-pressure pipeline is located at a water source, the terminal end of the low-pressure pipeline is located in the field, irrigation water is directly conveyed to the field through the low-pressure pipeline, and the irrigation water is not wasted in the conveying process;
s3, micro-irrigation technology: the micro-irrigation comprises micro-irrigation, drip irrigation, infiltrating irrigation and micro-tube irrigation, irrigation is pressurized and filtered, and the irrigation is irrigated at the root of crops through various pipelines and irrigation devices, a water-saving valve is additionally arranged at the water outlet end of the irrigation device, an electromagnetic induction device is arranged on the water-saving valve, the opening degree of the water-saving valve is controlled through the electromagnetic induction device, the water quantity flowing out of the irrigation device is controlled, and the micro-irrigation technology is used for irrigating local crops;
s4, sprinkling irrigation technology: the irrigation water is pressurized by a pressurizing device, the water is sprayed to the irrigation land by a water spray nozzle through a pipeline, a rotating mechanism capable of swinging at 150 degrees is arranged at the water spray nozzle, the rotating mechanism is driven by a motor, the water outlet end of the water spray nozzle is upwards clamped and fixed on the rotating mechanism at an angle of 30 degrees, the sprinkling irrigation area is large, and the sprinkling irrigation device is used for irrigating crops in large area;
s5, timed irrigation technology: for crops planted in field lands, according to varieties of the crops planted correspondingly, irrigation is carried out on the crops of the variety when the crops of the variety need water most until the water sensitive period of the crops of the variety, and a small amount of irrigation is carried out in the rest time, so that the use of irrigation water is reduced while the normal growth of the crops is ensured.
As a further scheme of the invention, the water-saving anti-early cultivation technology comprises the following steps:
s1, deep ploughing and deep scarification technology: the plough bottom layer is broken through ploughing equipment, the live soil layer is thickened, the water permeability is increased, the soil water storage capacity is increased, the ground runoff is reduced, and more land is stored and naturally rainfall is utilized;
s2, balanced fertilization technology: according to the nature of the land, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied to the dry farming land to reduce the water consumption, and the straw returning technology is strongly promoted in the place with insufficient organic fertilizer, so that the organic matter of the soil is increased, and the drought resistance of the soil is improved;
s3, film coating technology: covering with a film, covering one side of the field with a film for agricultural planting, applying the film on spring sowing crops to increase temperature and preserve soil moisture, and resisting spring drought, wherein the soil moisture of the wheat field covered with the film is 3-5% higher than that of the wheat field not covered with the film.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: field ground irrigation technology: the soil channel on the edge of the field ground is changed into a concrete channel for water delivery irrigation, so that 20% of water can be saved; and three quarters of the upper part of one side, close to the field soil, in the concrete canal are provided with irrigation holes, when rainwater is excessive, the concrete canal accumulates excessive water, and the excessive water can seep into the field soil through the irrigation holes in the concrete canal, so that the water content of the field soil is increased. In the places where large water is irrigated in a flood mode or large ridges and large trenches are irrigated, wide ridges are changed into narrow ridges, long ridges are changed into short ridges, long trenches are changed into short trenches, the field irrigation amount is controlled, and the effective utilization rate of irrigation is improved.
Pipeline water delivery irrigation technology: the low-pressure pipeline is buried underground through pipeline pre-burying equipment, a waterproof layer covers the surface of the low-pressure pipeline, and meanwhile, two sealing structures are arranged at the joint of the low-pressure pipeline, so that the water leakage prevention performance of the low-pressure pipeline is better through the waterproof layer and the two sealing structures; the initial section of the low-pressure pipeline is positioned at a water source, the terminal end of the low-pressure pipeline is positioned in the field, the irrigation water is directly conveyed to the field through the low-pressure pipeline, and the irrigation water is not wasted in the conveying process.
Micro-irrigation technology: the irrigation water is pressurized and filtered, and is irrigated to the rhizosphere of crops through pipelines and irrigation appliances at various stages, a water-saving valve is additionally arranged at the water outlet end of the irrigation device, an electromagnetic induction device is arranged on the water-saving valve, the opening degree of the water-saving valve is controlled through the electromagnetic induction device, the water quantity flowing out of the irrigation device is controlled, the water-saving valve is adjusted according to the water demand degree of the crops, and the water resource is effectively saved.
The sprinkling irrigation technology comprises the following steps: through the pressurized equipment with irrigation water pressurization, through the pipeline, spray irrigation on the soil by the water spout, water spout department sets up can 150 degrees wobbling slewing mechanism, slewing mechanism is by motor drive, and the water spout delivery end upwards is 30 degrees angle joints to be fixed on slewing mechanism, drives the water spout through slewing mechanism and makes a round trip to rotate at the within range of 150 degrees, and the area of sprinkling irrigation is big, the water economy resource.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on common sense only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The embodiment provided by the invention comprises the following steps: a water-saving drought-resisting technology for agricultural development, a water-saving irrigation technology:
s1, field ground irrigation technology: the soil channel on the edge of the field ground is changed into a concrete channel for water delivery irrigation, so that 20% of water can be saved; and three quarters of the upper part of one side, close to the field soil, in the concrete canal are provided with irrigation holes, when rainwater is excessive, the concrete canal accumulates excessive water, and the excessive water can seep into the field soil through the irrigation holes in the concrete canal, so that the water content of the field soil is increased. In the places where large water is irrigated in a flood mode or large furrows and large ditches are irrigated, wide furrows are popularized to change narrow furrows, long furrows are changed to short furrows, long ditches are changed to short ditches, the field irrigation amount is controlled, and the effective utilization rate of irrigation is improved;
s2, pipeline water delivery irrigation technology: the low-pressure pipeline is buried underground through pipeline pre-burying equipment, a waterproof layer covers the surface of the low-pressure pipeline, and meanwhile, two sealing structures are arranged at the joint of the low-pressure pipeline, so that the water leakage prevention performance of the low-pressure pipeline is better through the waterproof layer and the two sealing structures; the initial section of the low-pressure pipeline is positioned at a water source, the terminal end of the low-pressure pipeline is positioned in the field, irrigation water is directly conveyed to the field through the low-pressure pipeline, the irrigation water is not wasted in the conveying process, and water can be saved by 30-50% in pipeline water delivery irrigation compared with direct drainage;
s3, micro-irrigation technology: pressurizing and filtering irrigation water, irrigating the water at the rhizosphere of crops through pipelines and irrigation appliances at various stages, additionally arranging a water-saving valve at the water outlet end of the irrigation device, arranging an electromagnetic induction device on the water-saving valve, controlling the opening degree of the water-saving valve through the electromagnetic induction device, controlling the water quantity flowing out of the irrigation device, adjusting the water-saving valve according to the water-demand degree of the crops, effectively saving water resources, and adopting a micro-irrigation technology for irrigating local crops; compared with ground irrigation, the water saving of the micro-irrigation technology can save 80-85 percent of water, the micro-irrigation can be combined with fertilization, a fertilizer applicator is used for applying soluble fertilizer into a crop root zone along with water, so that water and nutrients required by crops are supplemented in time, and the yield increasing effect is good;
s4, sprinkling irrigation technology: the irrigation water is pressurized by a pressurizing device, the water is sprayed to the irrigation land by a water spray nozzle through a pipeline, a rotating mechanism capable of swinging at 150 degrees is arranged at the water spray nozzle, the rotating mechanism is driven by a motor, the water outlet end of the water spray nozzle is upwards clamped and fixed on the rotating mechanism at an angle of 30 degrees, the water spray nozzle is driven by the rotating mechanism to rotate back and forth within the range of 150 degrees, the sprinkling irrigation area is large, and the sprinkling irrigation device is used for irrigating crops with large area;
s5, timed irrigation technology: for crops planted in field lands, according to varieties of the crops planted correspondingly, until the water sensitive period of the crops of the variety, the crops of the variety are irrigated when needing water most, and irrigation is performed for a small amount of time in the rest of time, so that the use of irrigation water is reduced while the normal growth of the crops is ensured; such as the period from the initial stage of jointing of gramineous crops to heading stage, filling stage to milk stage, cotton boll stage and full-bloom stage, and the period from the flower bud differentiation stage to full-bloom stage of soybean. Irrigation can improve the effective utilization rate of irrigation water in the critical period.
Example 2
The embodiment provided by the invention comprises the following steps: a water-saving drought-resisting technology for agricultural development, a water-saving early-resisting cultivation technology:
s1, deep ploughing and deep scarification technology: the plough bottom layer is broken through ploughing equipment, the live soil layer is thickened, the water permeability is increased, the soil water storage capacity is increased, the ground runoff is reduced, and more land is stored and naturally rainfall is utilized; according to the test on brown soil, 29 cm of wheat is deeply ploughed before autumn planting and is deeply loosened to 35 cm, the water seepage speed of the wheat is 10-12 times of that of a land block which is not deeply ploughed and loosened, and large rainfall does not generate surface runoff, so that most of the rainfall is stored in the soil; according to the determination, the water storage capacity per mu can be increased by 70-75 cubic meters when the live soil layer is increased by 3 centimeters; the growth of crop roots can be promoted by thickening the live soil layer, the absorption range of the roots is expanded, and the utilization rate of soil moisture is improved;
s2, balanced fertilization technology: according to the nature of the land, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied to the dry farming land to reduce the water consumption, and the straw returning technology is strongly promoted in the place with insufficient organic fertilizer, so that the organic matter of the soil is increased, and the drought resistance of the soil is improved;
s3, film coating technology: covering with a film, covering one side of the field with a film for agricultural planting, applying the film on spring sowing crops to increase temperature and preserve soil moisture, and resisting spring drought, wherein the soil moisture of the wheat field covered with the film is 3-5% higher than that of the wheat field not covered with the film.
Example 3
The embodiment provided by the invention comprises the following steps: a water-saving drought-resisting technology for agricultural development is characterized by adding water-retaining agent: the water retention agent is a strong water-absorbing resin composed of the same molecules, and can absorb water which is hundreds of times or thousands of times of the self weight in a short time.
The water-retaining agent is used as a seed coating, seedlings are dipped on the roots, or furrow application, hole application or ground spraying and the like are directly applied to the soil, just like a small reservoir is built on the roots of the seeds and the crops, so that the small reservoir absorbs the moisture in the soil and the air, and can also store rainwater in the soil, and the water stored in the small reservoir can be slowly released when the seeds and the crops are in drought so as to meet the requirements of seed germination and crop growth. The water-retaining agent can increase the yield of wheat by 10-15%, the yield of sweet potato by 30-35% and the yield of cotton and peanut by 18-21%.
Example 4
The embodiment provided by the invention comprises the following steps: a water-saving drought-resistant technology for agricultural development, a chemical treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing seeds with 1% calcium chloride solution with the water seed ratio of 1:10, spraying and mixing uniformly, piling and sealing for 6 hours, and then sowing.
S2, soaking seeds in 0.1% calcium chloride solution in a liquid-seed ratio of 1:1, and sowing the seeds after soaking the seeds for 6 hours.
The seeds can improve the germination rate of the seeds after chemical treatment, and the seedlings are uniform and strong.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (3)
1. A water-saving drought-resistant technology for agricultural development is characterized in that: the water-saving irrigation technology comprises the following steps: comprises field ground irrigation technology, pipeline water delivery irrigation technology, micro irrigation technology, sprinkling irrigation technology and timing irrigation technology; the water-saving anti-early cultivation technology comprises the following steps: comprises a deep ploughing and deep scarification technology, a balanced fertilization technology and a film covering technology.
2. The water-saving drought-resistant technology for agricultural development according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water-saving irrigation technology comprises the following steps:
s1, field ground irrigation technology: the soil channel on the edge of the field ground is changed into a concrete channel for water delivery irrigation, so that 20% of water can be saved; and three quarters of the inside of the concrete channel close to the upper part of one side of the field soil are provided with irrigation holes, and excessive water can seep into the field soil through the irrigation holes in the concrete channel to increase the water content of the field soil;
s2, pipeline water delivery irrigation technology: the low-pressure pipeline is buried underground through pipeline pre-burying equipment, a waterproof layer covers the surface of the low-pressure pipeline, meanwhile, two sealing structures are arranged at the joint of the low-pressure pipeline, the initial section of the low-pressure pipeline is located at a water source, the terminal end of the low-pressure pipeline is located in the field, irrigation water is directly conveyed to the field through the low-pressure pipeline, and the irrigation water is not wasted in the conveying process;
s3, micro-irrigation technology: the micro-irrigation comprises micro-irrigation, drip irrigation, infiltrating irrigation and micro-tube irrigation, irrigation is pressurized and filtered, and the irrigation is irrigated at the root of crops through various pipelines and irrigation devices, a water-saving valve is additionally arranged at the water outlet end of the irrigation device, an electromagnetic induction device is arranged on the water-saving valve, the opening degree of the water-saving valve is controlled through the electromagnetic induction device, the water quantity flowing out of the irrigation device is controlled, and the micro-irrigation technology is used for irrigating local crops;
s4, sprinkling irrigation technology: the irrigation water is pressurized by a pressurizing device, the water is sprayed to the irrigation land by a water spray nozzle through a pipeline, a rotating mechanism capable of swinging at 150 degrees is arranged at the water spray nozzle, the rotating mechanism is driven by a motor, the water outlet end of the water spray nozzle is upwards clamped and fixed on the rotating mechanism at an angle of 30 degrees, the sprinkling irrigation area is large, and the sprinkling irrigation device is used for irrigating crops in large area;
s5, timed irrigation technology: for crops planted in field lands, according to varieties of the crops planted correspondingly, irrigation is carried out on the crops of the variety when the crops of the variety need water most until the water sensitive period of the crops of the variety, and a small amount of irrigation is carried out in the rest time, so that the use of irrigation water is reduced while the normal growth of the crops is ensured.
3. The water-saving drought-resistant technology for agricultural development according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water-saving anti-early cultivation technology comprises the following steps:
s1, deep ploughing and deep scarification technology: the plough bottom layer is broken through ploughing equipment, the live soil layer is thickened, the water permeability is increased, the soil water storage capacity is increased, the ground runoff is reduced, and more land is stored and naturally rainfall is utilized;
s2, balanced fertilization technology: according to the nature of the land, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied to the dry farming land to reduce the water consumption, and the straw returning technology is strongly promoted in the place with insufficient organic fertilizer, so that the organic matter of the soil is increased, and the drought resistance of the soil is improved;
s3, film coating technology: covering with a film, covering one side of the field with a film for agricultural planting, applying the film on spring sowing crops to increase temperature and preserve soil moisture, and resisting spring drought, wherein the soil moisture of the wheat field covered with the film is 3-5% higher than that of the wheat field not covered with the film.
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| CN202010752013.XA CN111837496A (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Water-saving drought-resisting technology for agricultural development |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112913642A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-08 | 衡水中广农业科技有限公司 | Water-saving oxygenation irrigation method |
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| US20170363227A1 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Trailer, labeling system, control system, and program for field implementation of computerized hole selection for layflat irrigation pipe |
| CN108934842A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-07 | 沈阳农业大学 | Corn is ploughed and exempts from the band-like returning to the field cultural method of wrong stalk |
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| CN101828504A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-09-15 | 云南省农业科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所 | Drought-resisting and water-saving irrigation method for dry-hot valley slope garden |
| US20170363227A1 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Trailer, labeling system, control system, and program for field implementation of computerized hole selection for layflat irrigation pipe |
| CN108934842A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-07 | 沈阳农业大学 | Corn is ploughed and exempts from the band-like returning to the field cultural method of wrong stalk |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112913642A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-08 | 衡水中广农业科技有限公司 | Water-saving oxygenation irrigation method |
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