CN111825718A - 基于喹啉-氧杂蒽的碱性磷酸酶荧光探针的制备和应用 - Google Patents

基于喹啉-氧杂蒽的碱性磷酸酶荧光探针的制备和应用 Download PDF

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CN111825718A
CN111825718A CN202010709048.5A CN202010709048A CN111825718A CN 111825718 A CN111825718 A CN 111825718A CN 202010709048 A CN202010709048 A CN 202010709048A CN 111825718 A CN111825718 A CN 111825718A
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李春艳
王文新
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Abstract

本发明涉及了一种碱性磷酸酶(ALP)近红外荧光探针的制备和应用,该探针的结构式为:
Figure DDA0002594487830000011
本发明提供了以喹啉‑氧杂蒽染料、三氯氧磷等为原料合成该荧光探针的制备方法;该荧光探针是一种具有良好的水溶性、近红外发射的碱性磷酸酶荧光探针;首先,该荧光探针对ALP表现出较好的灵敏度,线性范围为0.05‑1.0U/mL,检测限为0.017U/mL;其次,该荧光探针对ALP表现出很高的选择性,不受其他各种离子、活性氧、生物硫醇以及氨基酸和酶的影响;并且,该荧光探针与ALP作用迅速,响应时间在10min以内;此外,该荧光探针还可应用于活细胞内ALP含量的检测。

Description

基于喹啉-氧杂蒽的碱性磷酸酶荧光探针的制备和应用
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针技术领域,具体涉及基于喹啉-氧杂蒽染料的碱性磷酸酶荧光探针的制备和应用。
背景技术
碱性磷酸酶(ALP)作为一种能够将蛋白质和非蛋白质底物去磷酸化的水解酶,广泛存在于哺乳动物的肝脏、肾脏、肠道、骨骼和胎盘在内的许多组织中(K.Ooi,K.Shiraki,Y.Morishita,J.Clin.Lab.Anal.2007,21,133;J.N.Fernandez,A.B.Kidney,Vet.Clin.Pathol.2007,36,223-233.)。ALP作为目前公认的生物标志物,参与许多重要的生理和病理过程(J.E.Coleman.Annu.Rev.Biophys.Biomol.Struct.1992,21,441-483;J.Stebbing,L.C.Lit,H.Zhang,R.S.Darrington,O.Melaiu,B.Rudraraju,G.Giamas,Oncogene.2014,33,939-953.)。同时,ALP的活性与细胞的分化和生存能力有关,而且已经证实ALP水平异常与许多疾病的发生和发展密切相关,例如:乳腺癌,前列腺癌,心脏病,骨病,糖尿病等(R.H.Christenson,Clin.Biochem.1997,30,573-593;M.Syakalima,M.Takiguchi,J.Yasuda,Y.Mortal,A.Hashimoto,Vet.Q.1998,20,18-22;P.H.Lange,J.L.Millan,T.Stigbrand,R.L.Vessella,E.Ruoslahti,W.H.Fishman,Cancer.Res.1982,42,3244-3247;A.
Figure BDA0002594487810000011
C.Hellberg,F.D.
Figure BDA0002594487810000012
Nat.Rev.Cancer.2006,6,307-320;K.Ooi,K.Shiraki,Y.Morishita,T.Nobori,J.Clin.Lab.Anal.2007,21,133-139.)。因此,开发一种方便可靠的实时检测生物体中ALP活性的方法显得非常重要。
ALP的传统检测方法包括电化学法、比色法和色谱法,这些方法通常不仅需要复杂的操作,而且无法实现体内检测。荧光方法因其具有操作简便、灵敏度高、选择性好、实时和无创性等诸多优点而备受关注(G.Deng,S.Li,Z.Sun,W.Li,L.Zhou,J.Zhang,P.Gong,L.Cai,Theranostics.2018,8,4116-4128;G.Hong,S.Diao,J Chang,A.L.Antaris,C.Chen,B.Zhang,S.Zhao,D.N.Atochin,P.L.Huang,K.I.Andreasson,C.J.Kuo,H.Dai,Nat.Photonics.2014,8,723-730)。到目前为止,已经开发了一些检测ALP的荧光探针,用于实时监测细胞或者活体内的ALP活性(X.F.Hou,Q.X.Yu,F.Zeng,H.J.Ye,S.J.Wu,J.Mater.Chem.B.2015,3,1042-1048;J.Liang,R.T.K.Kwok,H.Shi,B.Z.Tang,B.Liu,ACSAppl.Mater.Interfaces.2013,5,8784-8789;H.Zhang,C.Xu,J.Liu,X.Li,L.Guo,X.Li,Chem.Commun.2015,51,7031-7034;X.Gu,G.Zhang,Z.Wang,W.Liu,L.Xiao,D.Zhang,Analyst.2013,138,2427-2431.)。但是,由于这些探针发射波长短,没有达到近红外范围。使得探针容易受到自身背景荧光的干扰,从而阻碍了它们在生物系统中的应用。因此,设计一种具有近红外发射的荧光探针是至关重要的。
喹啉-氧杂蒽作为一种新型的荧光染料,具有水溶性好、灵敏度高等优点。特别是,由于其染料具有近红外发射,因此具有较深的组织穿透深度,不易受到生物自体荧光的干扰,对生物成像更有利。研究发现,利用喹啉衍生物的荧光探针已经成功应用于检测了一些目标物,如:亚硫酸盐、Zn2+等(L.Tan,W.Y.Lin,S.S.Zhu,L.Yuan,K.B.Zheng,Org.Biomol.Chem.2014,12,4637-4643;Z.Q.Mao,L.Hu,X.H.Dong,C.Zhong,B.F.Liu,Z.H.Liu,Anal.Chem.2014,86,6548-6554.)。但是,到现在为止,还没有基于喹啉-氧杂蒽染料作为荧光探针来检测ALP。因此,设计和合成一种基于喹啉-氧杂蒽染料的荧光探针来检测ALP是非常有必要的。
发明内容
根据所提出的要求,本发明人对此进行了深入研究,在付出了大量创造性劳动后,提供了一种基于苯喹啉-氧杂蒽染料的碱性磷酸酶近红外荧光探针。
本发明的技术方案是,一种碱性磷酸酶近红外荧光探针,其结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002594487810000021
一种碱性磷酸酶近红外荧光探针的制备方法。步骤如下:
在N2保护下,将0.5当量的QX-OH,2.0~3.0当量的三氯氧磷,2.0~3.0当量的吡啶分别加入到25mL圆底烧瓶中,然后加入5~8mL的CH2Cl2将其溶解。反应在室温下搅拌4小时后,将所得混合物倒入冰中并继续搅拌过夜。反应完成后,减压除去溶剂,所得粗产物用展开剂CH2Cl2/CH3OH=2∶1进行柱层析纯化,得到深蓝色固体产物QX-P,即为所述的荧光探针。
本发明的有益效果是,一种基于喹啉-氧杂蒽染料的碱性磷酸酶近红外荧光探针的良好的光谱响应性能。首先,研究该探针的荧光光谱性质。探针本身在770nm处没有明显的近红外发射峰;当探针中加入ALP后,在770nm处出现了明显的近红外发射峰。并且随着ALP浓度的增大,探针的近红外荧光强度不断增强。当加入1.0U/mL的ALP时,荧光强度大约增强6倍,因此可以很好的检测ALP。该探针的检测范围从0.05U/mL到1.0U/mL,检测限为0.017U/mL,这说明该探针可以高灵敏的检测ALP。接着,研究了探针的紫外吸收光谱。在没有加入ALP时,探针在568nm处有吸收带;加入ALP后,568nm处的吸收峰逐渐降低,在717nm附近出现新的吸收峰。然后,研究探针的选择性,考察了探针与各种金属离子(Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+)和阴离子(Cl-,Br-,OH-),活性氧(ClO-,O2 -,H2O2),生物硫醇(Cys,Hcy,GSH),氨基酸(Tyr,Pro,Phe,Lue),生物酶(AChE,GGT,PDE,trypsin)以及检测物(ALP)的荧光响应情况。结果发现,只有ALP能引起荧光光谱的改变,其他检测物对探针的荧光光谱没有明显的影响。最后,研究了pH值对荧光探针测定ALP的影响,当pH值在7.0到9.0之间时,不影响荧光探针对ALP的测定。此外,该荧光探针响应比较迅速,响应时间在10分钟以内。
一种碱性磷酸酶近红外荧光探针的应用。在对照组细胞中观察不到明显的荧光,当细胞中加入荧光探针后,可以明显地观察到较强的荧光,这说明细胞中的ALP含量较高。而用钒酸钠(Na3VO4)处理抑制细胞内ALP的产生,发现细胞内的荧光明显减弱。这些结果说明荧光探针能检测到细胞内产生的ALP,这为监控人体内和碱性磷酸酶相关病变提供一种可靠的手段。
附图说明
图1为荧光探针的合成路线。
图2为荧光探针与不同浓度的ALP作用后的荧光光谱图。
横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度。荧光探针的浓度为10μM,ALP的浓度分别为:0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0U/mL。发射波长为770nm,对应的激发波长为717nm。
图3为荧光探针对不同ALP浓度的荧光线性响应图。
图4为荧光探针与ALP作用后的紫外可见吸收光谱图。
横坐标为波长,纵坐标为吸光度。荧光探针的浓度为10μM,ALP浓度为1.0U/mL。
图5为荧光探针的选择性图。
荧光探针的浓度为10μM,ALP浓度为1.0U/mL,其它分析物浓度均为2eq。
图6为pH对荧光探针的影响图。
图7为荧光探针与ALP作用后荧光强度随时间变化的关系曲线图。
图8为细胞毒性实验图。横坐标为荧光探针的浓度,纵坐标为细胞的存活率。
图9荧光探针与ALP作用的细胞成像图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但不限于此。
实施例1:
荧光探针的合成
合成路线如图1。在N2保护下,将QX-OH(190mg,0.5mmol),三氯氧磷(230mg,1.5mmol),吡啶(119mg,1.5mmol)分别加入到25mL圆底烧瓶中,然后加入6mL的CH2Cl2将其溶解。反应在室温下搅拌4小时后,将所得混合物倒入冰中并继续搅拌过夜。反应完成后,减压除去溶剂,所得粗产物用柱层析纯化(CH2Cl2/CH3OH=2∶1),得到深蓝色固体产物QX-P(150mg,产率65%),即为所述的荧光探针。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.66(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),8.56(t,J=10.8Hz,2H),8.34(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.07–7.97(m,1H),7.80–7.75(m,1H),7.25(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.07(s,1H),6.92(s,1H),6.71–6.66(m,2H),4.93–4.88(m,2H),2.64(t,J=6.2Hz,4H),1.84–1.79(m,2H),1.52(t,J=6.9Hz,3H).13CNMR(100MHz,DMSO)δ160.8,156.8,154.3,141.6,138.7,134.6,130.0,129.6,128.6,128.1,127.3,126.2,121.0,118.5,114.3,113.3,112.3,110.8,102.8,45.7,29.1,24.6,20.8,13.7.MS(TOF):462.2.
实施例2:
荧光探针和ALP溶液配制
探针溶液的制备:称取一定量探针溶解在二甲基亚砜中,配成1×10-4M的备用溶液。将1.0mL探针的备用溶液加入到10mL的容量瓶中,用Tris-HCl缓冲溶液定容后,得到浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L的荧光探针溶液。将ALP分别配制为以下浓度(0,0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0U/mL)。
实施例3:
荧光探针与ALP作用的荧光光谱的测定
图2为荧光探针与ALP作用的荧光光谱,荧光探针的浓度为10μM,ALP的浓度依次为0,0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0U/mL。实验所用激发波长为717nm,发射波长范围为730~900nm。狭缝宽度为10.0nm/10.0nm,所用的荧光测定仪器为日立F4600荧光分光光度计。从图2可以看出,加入ALP之前,由于磷酸根的淬灭作用,探针本身几乎没有发射峰;随着ALP的加入,在770nm处发射峰大幅度的增强,并且随着ALP浓度的增大,探针的荧光强度不断增强。图3为探针对不同ALP浓度的线性响应图。荧光强度跟ALP的浓度呈现线性关系,线性范围是0.05U/mL~1.0U/mL,检测限是0.017U/mL。这说明该探针可以高灵敏的检测ALP。
实施例4:
荧光探针与ALP作用的紫外可见吸收光谱的测定
图4为荧光探针与ALP作用后的紫外可见吸收光谱图,荧光探针的浓度为10μM,ALP的加入量为1.0U/mL。紫外可见吸收光谱测定用的仪器为安捷伦Cary60紫外可见分光光度计。从图4中可以看出,探针本身在568nm处有吸收带;加入ALP之后,568nm处的吸收峰逐渐降低,在717nm附近出现新的强吸收峰。
实施例5:
荧光探针对ALP测定的选择性
图5为荧光探针对ALP测定的选择性图。考察在浓度为10μM的荧光探针中加入ALP(1.0U/mL)及各种金属离子(Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+)和阴离子(Cl-,Br-,OH-),活性氧(ClO-,O2 -,H2O2),生物硫醇(Cys,Hcy,GSH),氨基酸(Tyr,Pro,Phe,Lue),生物酶(AChE,GGT,PDE,trypsin)的荧光响应情况。从图5中可以看出,只有ALP能引起荧光光谱的明显增强,其他检测物对探针的荧光光谱没有明显的影响。这些结果表明,荧光探针对ALP有良好的选择性。
实施例6:
溶液pH值对荧光探针测定ALP的荧光性质的影响
考察pH值对荧光探针测定ALP的荧光光谱的影响,其结果如图6。我们研究的pH范围为2.0~10.0,荧光探针的浓度为10μM,ALP的浓度为1.0U/mL。从图中可以看出,荧光探针随着pH的变化,荧光强度基本不变,说明pH对探针本身没有很大的影响。然而,加入ALP之后,在pH在7.0~9.0范围内,荧光强度比值显著增强。综上所述,当pH值在7.0到9.0之间时,不影响荧光探针对ALP的测定,是比较合适的pH值范围,这非常有利于该探针用于实际样品中ALP的测定。
实施例7:
荧光探针与ALP作用的响应时间的测定
我们研究了荧光探针对ALP的响应时间,其结果如图7。从图中可以看出,该探针对ALP的响应时间为10min,这能够满足在实际样品中进行实时监测的要求。从图7我们还可以看出,荧光强度达到最大值后,在之后的时间里,荧光强度不再发生变化,这表明此荧光探针光稳定性较好。
实施例8:
荧光探针在活细胞中的应用
首先,我们做了细胞毒性试验,如图8所示。当加入0~30μM探针,结肠癌细胞HCT116的存活率在90%以上。这可以说明,该荧光探针毒性较小,可应用于检测活细胞内的ALP。然后,我们研究荧光探针在活细胞中的应用,选择结肠癌细胞HCT116进行共聚焦显微成像,结果如图9所示。在对照组细胞中,几乎没有观察到荧光。然后细胞中加入探针,观察到荧光明显增强。当在细胞中加入ALP抑制剂Na3VO4后再加入探针,发现细胞内的荧光几乎消失。这些结果说明该探针可以高灵敏性的检测细胞内的ALP。

Claims (3)

1.一种碱性磷酸酶近红外荧光探针,即QX-P,其结构如下:
Figure FDA0002594487800000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碱性磷酸酶近红外荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,反应步骤如下:
在N2保护下,将0.5当量的QX-OH,2.0~3.0当量的三氯氧磷,2.0~3.0当量的吡啶分别加入到25mL圆底烧瓶中,然后加入5~8mL的CH2Cl2将其溶解。反应在室温下搅拌4小时后,将所得混合物倒入冰中,并继续搅拌过夜。反应完成后,减压除去溶剂,所得粗产物用展开剂CH2Cl2/CH3OH=2∶1进行柱层析纯化,得到深蓝色固体产物QX-P,即为所述的荧光探针。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种碱性磷酸酶近红外荧光探针的应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针应用于活细胞内碱性磷酸酶含量的检测。
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