CN111793983A - 一种抚超玄武岩纤维及其织物用的后处理剂、使用方法 - Google Patents

一种抚超玄武岩纤维及其织物用的后处理剂、使用方法 Download PDF

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CN111793983A
CN111793983A CN202010687146.3A CN202010687146A CN111793983A CN 111793983 A CN111793983 A CN 111793983A CN 202010687146 A CN202010687146 A CN 202010687146A CN 111793983 A CN111793983 A CN 111793983A
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罗洪杰
张鸿帅
姜昊
王诏田
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Fushun Tiancheng Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种抚超玄武岩纤维及其织物用的后处理剂、使用方法，属于纤维处理剂技术领域。所述后处理剂按重量百分含量计包括成膜剂5～10％、增糙剂0.5～5％、聚四氟乙烯8～15％、余量为水。经后处理剂处理的玄武岩纤维具有耐高温、耐酸碱、耐湿和强度大等优点，经后处理剂处理的玄武岩纤维织物在300‑350℃高温下可以大幅度降低强度损失率，从而延长织物的使用寿命，适用于高温过滤材料。

Description

一种抚超玄武岩纤维及其织物用的后处理剂、使用方法
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及纤维处理剂技术领域，具体涉及一种抚超玄武岩纤维及其织物用的后处理剂、使用方法。
背景技术
玄武岩纤维是以天然的玄武岩矿石为原料，通过拉丝工艺制备而成的一种新型高性能无机纤维，直径一般为7～13μm。玄武岩纤维具有对环境无毒无害、耐高低温性能好、高模量和绝缘性等特点。其广泛应用于増强复合材料、土工布、汽车帘子布、过滤领域、弹道防护织物等。
在高温过滤材料领域，玄武岩纤维的耐温性以及耐酸碱性优于玻璃纤维以及其他有机纤维，故玄武岩纤维的使用环境更加苛刻。同时玄武岩纤维由于存在纤维无卷曲、难加工等缺点，难以单独纺织，往往需要与其他具有卷曲性的纤维(如柔软纤维)混合加工制成玄武岩复合纤维，相应地，其耐高温性能也会下降。研究表明，在300-350℃的温度区间内，玄武岩复合纤维的强度快速衰减，1小时衰减40％，3小时衰减80％。而且随着在高温环境下暴露时间的延长，其机械性能会下降，并呈脆性，难以承受高温烟气的压力，导致局部破裂。
目前纤维后处理剂能使纤维增强强度、防止断线，同时还能使制品增添光彩、强度和柔软性，但在机械强度、耐热性等方面还有改进空间。
发明内容
为此，本发明实施例提供一种抚超玄武岩纤维及其织物用的后处理剂、使用方法，经后处理剂处理的玄武岩纤维具有耐高温、耐酸碱、耐湿和强度大等优点，经后处理剂处理的玄武岩纤维织物在300-350℃高温下可以大幅度降低强度损失率，从而延长织物的使用寿命，适用于高温过滤材料。
为了实现上述目的，本发明实施例提供如下技术方案：
根据本发明实施例的第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种抚超玄武岩纤维及其织物用的后处理剂，按重量百分含量计，所述后处理剂包括成膜剂5～10％、增糙剂0.5～5％、聚四氟乙烯8～15％、余量为水。
其中，成膜剂的作用在于在纤维表面形成一层连续的保护层，从而增加纤维的力学性能以及耐高温能力，是后处理剂的核心组分。增糙剂的作用在于附着在纤维表面上增加纤维表面的粗糙度，从而使纤维分散纤维受到的应力，能增加纤维的力学性能。聚四氟乙烯在高温条件下熔化，在降温冷却过程中，在玄武岩纤维表面形成牢固层，抑制纤维之间的滑动。
进一步地，所述成膜剂包括丙烯酸树脂、硅丙树脂、苯丙树脂、聚氨酯、环氧树脂中的一种或几种。
进一步地，所述增糙剂包括硅溶胶、硅酸盐水溶液、超细石墨乳中的一种或几种。
进一步地，按重量百分含量计，所述后处理剂还包括偶联剂1～5％、柔软润滑剂5～10％。
进一步地，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂a151；所述柔软润滑剂包括硅油、咪唑啉类润滑剂、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯、季戊四醇油酸酯中的一种或几种。
其中，偶联剂能够改善纤维和后处理剂的粘接性能，从而提高材料的强度。柔软润滑剂的作用在于使纤维变得顺滑，减少受到摩擦力带来的损害。
根据本发明实施例的第二方面，本发明实施例了一种上述的后处理剂的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
1)按照相应的重量百分含量称取各组分；
2)混合各组分，搅拌均匀即可。
进一步地，步骤1中，按重量百分含量计，所述组分还包括偶联剂1～5％、柔软润滑剂5～10％。
根据本发明实施例的第三方面，本发明实施了提供了一种上述的处理剂的使用方法，将玄武岩纤维或其织物浸渍于所述后处理剂中，然后进行烘干处理。
进一步地，烘干温度为250～400℃，烘干时间为15～20分钟。
本发明实施例具有如下优点：
本发明的后处理剂包括聚成膜剂、增糙剂、四氟乙烯和水，经后处理剂处理的玄武岩纤维具有耐高温、耐酸碱、耐湿和强度大等优点，经后处理剂处理的玄武岩纤维织物在300-350℃高温下可以大幅度降低强度损失率，从而延长织物的使用寿命，适用于高温过滤材料。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例的后处理剂的制备方法：
(1)按重量百分含量计，称取聚四氟乙烯13％、成膜剂8％、增糙剂0.5％、偶联剂3％、柔软润滑剂10％、余量为水；
(2)混合各组分，搅拌均匀即可。
其中：成膜剂为丙烯酸树脂；增糙剂为硅溶胶；偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂a151；柔软润滑剂为硅油。
实施例2
本实施例的后处理剂的制备方法：
(1)按重量百分含量计，称取聚四氟乙烯12％、成膜剂5％、增糙剂1.5％、偶联剂1.5％、柔软润滑剂8％、余量为水；
(2)混合各组分，搅拌均匀即可。
其中：成膜剂为苯丙树脂；增糙剂为硅酸盐水溶液；偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂a151；柔软润滑剂为季戊四醇硬脂酸酯。
实施例3
本实施例的后处理剂的制备方法：
(1)按重量百分含量计，称取聚四氟乙烯15％、成膜剂5％、增糙剂3％、偶联剂1％、柔软润滑剂6％、余量为水；
(2)混合各组分，搅拌均匀即可。
其中：成膜剂为硅丙树脂；增糙剂为超细石墨乳；偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂a151；柔软润滑剂为季戊四醇油酸酯。
实施例4
本实施例的后处理剂的制备方法：
(1)称取聚四氟乙烯8％、成膜剂10％、增糙剂4％、偶联剂5％、柔软润滑剂10％、余量为水；
(2)混合各组分，搅拌均匀即可。
其中：成膜剂为聚氨酯；增糙剂为硅酸盐水溶液；偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂a151；柔软润滑剂为咪唑啉类润滑剂。
实施例5
本实施例的后处理剂的制备方法：
(1)称取聚四氟乙烯10％、成膜剂8％、增糙剂5％、偶联剂2％、柔软润滑剂8％、余量为水；
(2)混合各组分，搅拌均匀即可。
其中：成膜剂为环氧树脂；增糙剂为硅溶胶；偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂a151；柔软润滑剂为硅油。
测试例
将4股400dtex玄武岩纤维与4股500dtex PTFE在合股捻线机上加捻制得经纱，捻度为100捻/米；将8股400dtex玄武岩纤维在合股捻线机上加捻制得纬线，捻度为100捻/米。
采用筒子架-织机工艺路线，将玄武岩-PTFE复合纤维与玄武岩纤维进行帆布织造，其织物结构为平纹，经密100根/10cm，纬密为100根/10cm。
将织造完成的玄武岩纤维织物分别浸渍于实施例1-5制得的后处理剂中，然后进行烘干处理，烘干温度为300℃，烘干时间为20分钟。
对处理后的玄武岩纤维织物的机械性能进行测试，结果见表1。
表1
后处理剂 拉伸强度/N 断裂伸长率/％ 强度损失率/％
实施例1 4000 5 40
实施例2 4600 3.2 33
实施例3 5000 1.15 20
实施例4 4400 2.9 27
实施例5 4100 4.38 34
结果显示：采用本发明后处理剂处理的玄武岩复合纤维具有耐高温、耐酸碱、耐湿和强度大等优点，在300-350℃高温下能够大幅度降低强度损失率，从而延长编织物的使用寿命，适用于高温过滤材料。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种抚超玄武岩纤维及其织物用的后处理剂，其特征在于，按重量百分含量计，所述后处理剂包括成膜剂5～10％、增糙剂0.5～5％、聚四氟乙烯8～15％、余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的后处理剂，其特征在于，所述成膜剂包括丙烯酸树脂、硅丙树脂、苯丙树脂、聚氨酯、环氧树脂中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的后处理剂，其特征在于，所述增糙剂包括硅溶胶、硅酸盐水溶液、超细石墨乳中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的后处理剂，其特征在于，按重量百分含量计，所述后处理剂还包括偶联剂1～5％、柔软润滑剂5～10％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的后处理剂，其特征在于，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂a151；所述柔软润滑剂包括硅油、咪唑啉类润滑剂、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯、季戊四醇油酸酯中的一种或几种。
6.一种权利要求1所述的后处理剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
1)按照相应的重量百分含量称取各组分；
2)混合各组分，搅拌均匀即可。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1中，按重量百分含量计，所述组分还包括偶联剂1～5％、柔软润滑剂5～10％。
8.一种权利要求1所述的后处理剂的使用方法，其特征在于，将玄武岩纤维或其织物浸渍于所述后处理剂中，然后进行烘干处理。
9.根据权利要求8所述的后处理剂的使用方法，其特征在于，烘干温度为250～400℃，烘干时间为15～20分钟。
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