CN111793201B - 一种端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂 - Google Patents

一种端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂 Download PDF

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CN111793201B
CN111793201B CN202010619113.5A CN202010619113A CN111793201B CN 111793201 B CN111793201 B CN 111793201B CN 202010619113 A CN202010619113 A CN 202010619113A CN 111793201 B CN111793201 B CN 111793201B
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polyether
isocyanurate
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莫洪昌
魏宗亮
卢先明
徐明辉
陈淼
葛忠学
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Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂,其结构式如下:

Description

一种端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种固体推进剂用键合剂,尤其涉及一种端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂,属于固体推进剂领域。
背景技术
键合剂是一种外加性的添加剂成分,在改善固体推进剂填料与粘合剂基体的粘接强度、提高力学性能方面具有用量少、作用大、配方和工艺适应性好以及对其它性能不良影响小的特点,其基本原理是在同一分子中含有两种不同的活性基团,一种为键合基团,与固体填料结合,另一种为反应基团,与粘合剂体系结合,从而达到增强相界面粘接强度的作用。
键合剂的反应基团与固化体系密切相关。目前,固体推进剂使用的键合剂主要是针对异氰酸酯固化体系设计,分子结构中含有与异氰酸酯反应的活性羟基基团。这类含羟基键合剂在基于叠氮/炔反应的聚三唑交联固化体系并不适用,其原因在于含羟基键合剂并不能进入粘合剂的交联网络结构中。
为了解决含羟基键合剂存在的上述问题,科研人员开发了含有炔基键合剂,即利用炔基与叠氮基之间的1,3-偶极环化加成反应将键合剂连接在粘合剂母体中,炔基键合剂既可用于叠氮粘合剂的异氰酸酯固化体系中,又可用于炔基固化体系中。例如张丽娜等人《炔丙基二甲基海因的合成及表征》火炸药学报,2008,3l(4):18-21中公开了一种炔基键合剂,即3-炔丙基-5,5-二甲基海因(PDMH),其结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002562403840000011
随后,张丽娜等人《炔丙基二甲基海因改性GAP的合成及应用》含能材料,2009,17(5):514-517中公开了PDMH键合剂的应用效果。将PDMH改性GAP粘合剂应用到GAP/AP(高氯酸铵)/A1(铝粉)复合固体推进剂中,用N100做固化剂,测定了推进剂的常温力学性能随着R值的变化规律。结果表明:当R值为1.1时效果最佳,最大抗拉强度为0.65MPa,最大延伸率为22.24%,与空白样相比,键合剂PDMH的加入虽然提高了GAP基推进剂的力学性能,但力学性能仍然偏低。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在技术问题,本发明提供一种能赋予固体推进剂较高力学性能的端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂,其结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002562403840000021
其中,x+y+z=15~60,为整数。
本发明的端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂合成方法包括以下步骤:
(1)以1,3,5-三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯为引发剂,三氟化硼·乙醚络合物为催化剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,引发3-氰乙氧甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷开环聚合得到1,3,5-三羟基(聚3-氰乙氧甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷)乙基异氰脲酸酯(简称1,3,5-三羟基氰基聚醚乙基异氰脲酸酯);所述3-氰乙氧甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷、三氟化硼·乙醚络合物和1,3,5-三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯的摩尔比为15~60:0.5~2:1,反应温度为0℃~30℃。
(2)以1,3,5-三羟基氰基聚醚乙基异氰脲酸酯和甲基丙烯酸异氰基乙酯为原料,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯为催化剂,通过加成化反应得到1,3,5-三甲基丙烯酰氧乙氨酯基(聚3-氰乙氧甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷)乙基异氰脲酸酯(简称1,3,5-三甲基丙烯酰氧乙氨酯基氰基聚醚乙基异氰脲酸酯或T-PMACMO),即为本发明的端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂;所述甲基丙烯酸异氰基乙酯和1,3,5-三羟基氰基聚醚乙基异氰脲酸酯的摩尔比为3:1,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯与1,3,5-三羟基氰基聚醚乙基异氰脲酸酯的质量比为0.001~0.01:1,反应温度为55℃~75℃。
本发明技术有益效果:
本发明的T-PMACMO键合剂既可用于基于叠氮/炔(或烯)反应的新型聚三唑(或三唑啉)固化体系中,又可应用于叠氮粘合剂聚氨酯固化体系中,且T-PMACMO键合剂分子中含有异氰脲酸酯环、酯基、氨酯基和大量的氰基等起键合作用的基团和三个活性甲基丙烯酰氧基反应基团,一方面增强了粘合剂与固体填料之间的界面作用,另一方面提高了粘合剂基体的交联密度,提高了固体推进剂的力学性能。以本发明的T-PMACMO为键合剂的固体推进剂20℃时最大抗拉强度为0.90MPa,最大延伸率为29.12%;而以对比文件中的PDMH为键合剂的固体推进剂20℃时最大抗拉强度为0.65MPa,最大延伸率为22.24%。
具体实施方式
本发明的技术原理如下:PDMH应用于GAP基固体推进剂力学性能偏低的原因是由于PDMH为小分子键合剂,键合基团少导致键合作用点少、键合功能弱,并且PDMH分子中仅含有一个炔基活性反应基团,对GAP粘合剂基体的交联密度无贡献。为了提高键合剂的作用效果,本发明通过(1)在键合剂分子中引入异氰脲酸酯环、酯基、氨酯基和大量的氰基等能与固体填料起络合作用的键合基团,增强其与固体填料的相互作用;(2)在键合剂分子中引入三个能与叠氮基反应的甲基丙烯酰氧基基团,增加粘合剂基体的交联密度。
下面结合实施例进一步对发明作详细说明。
测试仪器:
(1)红外光谱采用美国Nicolet公司的Nexus 870型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测试;
(2)羟值采用邻苯二甲酸酐-吡啶酰化法测试。
(3)数均分子量
设备:英国PL公司GPC-50型凝胶渗透色谱仪;
GPC测试条件:色谱柱为PLgel MIXED-E串联;流动相为THF;柱温为40℃;检测器为示差折光检测器。
(4)力学性能
设备:美国Instron公司Instron 4505型万能材料试验机;
测试方法:拉伸速率100mm/min,按照GJB770B-2005方法413.1。
实施例1
(1)1,3,5-三羟基(聚3-氰乙氧甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷)乙基异氰脲酸酯的合成
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、回流冷凝管和滴液漏斗的四口圆底烧瓶中,加入2.61g(0.01mol)1,3,5-三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯和50ml CH2Cl2,搅拌20min后降温至5℃,加入0.85g(0.006mol)三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,搅拌30min后开始缓慢滴加37.2g(0.24mol)的3-氰乙氧甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷,滴加完毕后继续反应24h,然后加入2%Na2CO3水溶液30ml终止反应,用分液漏斗分出有机相,水洗至中性,减压浓缩后得到淡黄色粘稠液体。
结构鉴定:
IR,νmax(cm-1):3443(-OH),2966、2847(-CH3、-CH2),2251(-C≡N),1694、763(异氰脲酸酯环),1108(C-O-C)
分子量及分布:Mn=3963,Mw=5707,Mw/Mn=1.44
羟值:42.18mgKOH/g
以上分析数据证实所合成的化合物就是1,3,5-三羟基(聚3-氰乙氧甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷)乙基异氰脲酸酯。
(2)T-PMACMO的合成
在反应瓶中加入39.63g(10mmol)1,3,5-三羟基(聚3-氰乙氧甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷)乙基异氰脲酸酯,加热至85℃,减压除水1.5h,然后降温至60℃,加入0.11g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、4.65g(30mmol)甲基丙烯酸异氰基乙酯,继续反应6h后得到亮黄色粘稠液体。
结构鉴定:
IR,νmax(cm-1):3443(-NH-),2966、2847(-CH3、-CH2),2251(-C≡N),1724(-COO-),1639(CH2=C-),1694、763(异氰脲酸酯环),1108(C-O-C)
分子量及分布:Mn=4422,Mw=6412,Mw/Mn=1.45
甲基丙烯酰氧基含量:0.674mmol/g
以上分析数据证实所合成的化合物就是T-PMACMO。
本发明的端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂应用性能
(1)与粘合剂的混溶性及反应性评价
选用聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)和端炔基聚环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(CPET)为粘合剂,考察了本发明的T-PMACMO键合剂与粘合剂的混溶性以及反应性。
本发明的T-PMACMO键合剂与两种粘合剂具有很好的混溶性,混合物清澈透明,其中与GAP所形成的混合液在50~70℃下能够平稳的进行交联反应。
(2)推进剂的力学性能
将PDMH键合剂和本发明的T-PMACMO键合剂应用到GAP/AP(高氯酸铵)/A1(铝粉)复合固体推进剂中,用N100做固化剂,当R值为1.1时测定固体推进剂的常温力学性能,如表1所示。
表1键合剂对推进剂力学性能的影响(20℃)
Figure BDA0002562403840000051
由上表可见,与PDMH键合剂相比,以本发明的T-PMACMO为键合剂的固体推进剂力学性能明显提高。

Claims (3)

1.一种端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂,其特征在于:其结构式如下:
Figure FDA0003749990170000011
其中,x+y+z=15~60,为整数。
2.一种权利要求1所述的端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)以1,3,5-三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯为引发剂,三氟化硼·乙醚络合物为催化剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,引发3-氰乙氧甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷开环聚合得到1,3,5-三羟基氰基聚醚乙基异氰脲酸酯;
(2)以1,3,5-三羟基氰基聚醚乙基异氰脲酸酯和甲基丙烯酸异氰基乙酯为原料,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯为催化剂,通过加成化反应得到1,3,5-三甲基丙烯酰氧乙氨酯基氰基聚醚乙基异氰脲酸酯,即端甲基丙烯酰氧基三臂星形聚醚键合剂;
所述步骤(1)中3-氰乙氧甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷、三氟化硼·乙醚络合物和1,3,5-三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯的摩尔比为15~60:0.5~2:1,反应温度为0℃~30℃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(2)中甲基丙烯酸异氰基乙酯和1,3,5-三羟基氰基聚醚乙基异氰脲酸酯的摩尔比为3:1,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯与1,3,5-三羟基氰基聚醚乙基异氰脲酸酯的质量比为0.001~0.01:1,反应温度为55℃~75℃。
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