CN111778436B - 一种冷压-热压烧结制备wc-y2o3无粘结相硬质合金的方法 - Google Patents

一种冷压-热压烧结制备wc-y2o3无粘结相硬质合金的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111778436B
CN111778436B CN202010742590.0A CN202010742590A CN111778436B CN 111778436 B CN111778436 B CN 111778436B CN 202010742590 A CN202010742590 A CN 202010742590A CN 111778436 B CN111778436 B CN 111778436B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
powder
pressing sintering
sintering
ball milling
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202010742590.0A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN111778436A (zh
Inventor
朱流
王金芳
吴意囡
林霄
涂志标
邵建地
刘孟辉
王蓉辉
林奇群
吴明威
朱海峰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lifeng Precision Tool Zhejiang Co ltd
Taizhou Product Quality And Safety Inspection Research Institute
Taizhou University
Original Assignee
Lifeng Precision Tool Zhejiang Co ltd
Taizhou Product Quality And Safety Inspection Research Institute
Taizhou University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lifeng Precision Tool Zhejiang Co ltd, Taizhou Product Quality And Safety Inspection Research Institute, Taizhou University filed Critical Lifeng Precision Tool Zhejiang Co ltd
Priority to CN202010742590.0A priority Critical patent/CN111778436B/zh
Publication of CN111778436A publication Critical patent/CN111778436A/zh
Priority to NL2028306A priority patent/NL2028306B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN111778436B publication Critical patent/CN111778436B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/5607Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides
    • C04B35/5626Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on tungsten carbides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C29/00Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • B22F1/0003
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/6261Milling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62645Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
    • C04B35/62655Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/645Pressure sintering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/10Carbide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3225Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/449Organic acids, e.g. EDTA, citrate, acetate, oxalate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5445Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5454Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof nanometer sized, i.e. below 100 nm
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/604Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6562Heating rate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6567Treatment time
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/66Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
    • C04B2235/661Multi-step sintering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77Density
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance

Abstract

本发明涉及无粘结相硬质合金的制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种冷压‑热压烧结制备WC‑Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的方法。本发明的方法包括以下步骤:将WC粉体和Y2O3粉体进行球磨混合,得到WC‑Y2O3粉体;向所述WC‑Y2O3粉体中加入饱和草酸溶液至完全润湿,将润湿后的WC‑Y2O3粉体进行冷压烧结,得到烧结体;所述冷压烧结的压力为200~400MPa;所述冷压烧结的升温程序为:先升温至100~150℃保温1h,继续升温至200~300℃保温1~2h;将所述烧结体进行热压烧结,得到WC‑Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金。本发明能显著降低无粘结相WC基硬质合金的烧结温度,同时提高合金的致密度和综合力学性能。

Description

一种冷压-热压烧结制备WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无粘结相硬质合金的制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种冷压-热压烧结制备WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的方法。
背景技术
碳化钨(WC)基硬质合金由于具有高强度、硬度以及高杨氏模量,广泛应用于切削刀具、模具以及耐磨、耐高压零件等。纯WC具有较高的熔点(2785℃),故烧结温度高、烧结致密化困难且烧结体断裂韧性差,人们通常所采用的方法是加入钴(Co)、镍(Ni)等金属粘结相制备出WC-M(金属相)硬质合金。但在高速、高效干切削的苛刻工况下这些金属粘结相比WC硬质相更加容易被氧化、腐蚀和磨损失效,限制了其在钛合金、高温合金等难加工材料领域的应用。在高温下,WC-M硬质合金模具中的金属相不仅易于氧化且容易向玻璃产品扩散,成为高精密光学玻璃模具制造亟需突破的材料瓶颈。此外,金属粘结相Co、Ni等随着刀具、零部件磨损以粉尘、蒸汽等形式进入环境对工人健康产生极大威慑。因此,发展具有高硬度高断裂韧性的“双高”力学性能,且又具有比传统WC-M(金属相)合金更加优异的耐磨性、抗腐蚀与抗高温氧化性能的WC无粘结相硬质合金的制备技术和方法,对工量刃具技术的发展与绿色制造具有非常重要的意义。
无粘结相WC基硬质合金具有比传统硬质合金更优异的耐磨性、抗腐蚀和抗高温氧化性,目前已成为国际硬质合金领域的研究热点与发展方向。然而由于WC熔点高达2785℃,无粘结相WC基硬质合金烧结温度高,制备的材料致密性差,综合力学性能不佳,影响使用。虽然放电等离子(SPS)烧结技术能极大地降低烧结温度,制备得到无粘结相WC基硬质合金综合性能较优,但设备昂贵,制备成本高,烧结尺寸受到限制,因此极大地限制了无粘结相WC基硬质合金的工业推广与应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种冷压-热压烧结制备WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的方法,能显著降低无粘结WC基硬质合金的烧结温度,同时提高合金的致密度和综合力学性能,且成本低廉。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种冷压-热压烧结制备WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的方法,包括以下步骤:
将WC粉体和Y2O3粉体进行球磨混合,得到WC-Y2O3粉体;
向所述WC-Y2O3粉体中加入饱和草酸溶液至完全润湿,将润湿后的WC-Y2O3粉体进行冷压烧结,得到烧结体;所述冷压烧结的压力为200~400MPa;所述冷压烧结的升温程序为:先升温至100~150℃保温1h,继续升温至200~300℃保温1~2h;
将所述烧结体进行热压烧结,得到WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金。
优选的,所述WC-Y2O3粉体和饱和草酸溶液的固液比为10g:(1~1.5)mL。
优选的,所述Y2O3粉体的质量占WC粉体和Y2O3粉体总质量的1~3%。
优选的,所述WC粉体的平均晶粒尺寸为200nm~400nm。
优选的,所述Y2O3粉体的平均晶粒尺寸为50nm~200nm。
优选的,所述热压烧结的升温程序为:在150℃保温20min,然后升温至250℃保温20min,继续升温至800℃保温60min,最后升温至1400~1650℃保温90min。
优选的,所述热压烧结的压力为40MPa。
优选的,所述冷压烧结和热压烧结过程中各所述升温的速率独立为10~15℃/min。
优选的,所述球磨混合的条件包括:球料质量比为(5~15):1,球磨介质为无水乙醇,球磨转速为200~250r/min,球磨时间为6~12h。
优选的,所述球磨混合后还包括对球磨后的物料进行干燥,所述干燥为真空干燥。
本发明提供了一种冷压-热压烧结制备WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的方法,包括以下步骤:将WC粉体和Y2O3粉体进行球磨混合,得到WC-Y2O3粉体;向所述WC-Y2O3粉体中加入饱和草酸溶液至完全润湿,将润湿后的WC-Y2O3粉体进行冷压烧结,得到烧结体;所述冷压烧结的压力为200~400MPa;所述冷压烧结的升温程序为:先升温至100~150℃保温1h,继续升温至200~300℃保温1~2h;将所述烧结体进行热压烧结,得到WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金。
本发明将WC粉体和Y2O3粉体进行球磨混合,使得Y2O3粉体在WC粉体中充分分散开来;然后向得到的WC-Y2O3粉体中加入饱和草酸溶液至完全润湿,Y2O3本身微溶于草酸溶液,在冷压烧结的压力和温度作用下,Y2O3开始先发生部分溶解,随着温度的升高,草酸溶液蒸发,Y2O3会析出,正是由于微量Y2O3在草酸溶液中的溶解-析出,使得WC-Y2O3粉体间隙处达到过饱和状态,并使颗粒接触区的化学势高于晶体,此时溶解的原子或离子簇将在晶体处析出,从而促进WC-Y2O3的致密化,使WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金在较低的温度下(100℃~300℃)获得相对密度达70%以上的烧结体,进而极大地降低了后续传统烧结工艺(热压烧结)制备无粘结相WC基硬质合金的烧结温度,且得到的WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金致密性高,综合性能优异。实施例的结果表明,采用本发明的方法,可将传统热压烧结的温度降至1650℃以下,且制备的无粘结相WC基硬质合金的致密性高,为97.87~100%,硬度为2357~2500HV30,断裂韧性为8.2~9.3MPa·m1/2,综合性能优异。
附图说明
图1为实施例1球磨前后物料的SEM形貌图;
图2为实施例1冷压烧结后所得烧结体的SEM断口形貌图;
图3为实施例1制备的WC-1wt.%Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的SEM断口形貌图;
图4为实施例2制备的WC-2wt.%Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的SEM断口形貌图;
图5为实施例3制备的WC-3wt.%Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的SEM断口形貌图;
图6为实施例4制备的WC-3wt.%Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的SEM断口形貌图;
图7为对比例制备的WC-2wt.%Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的SEM断口形貌图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种冷压-热压烧结制备WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的方法,包括以下步骤:
将WC粉体和Y2O3粉体进行球磨混合,得到WC-Y2O3粉体;
向所述WC-Y2O3粉体中加入饱和草酸溶液至完全润湿,将润湿后的WC-Y2O3粉体进行冷压烧结,得到烧结体;所述冷压烧结的压力为200~400MPa;所述冷压烧结的升温程序为:先升温至100~150℃保温1h,继续升温至200~300℃保温1~2h;
将所述烧结体进行热压烧结,得到WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金。
在本发明中,未经特殊说明,所用原料均为本领域熟知的市售商品。
本发明将WC粉体和Y2O3粉体进行球磨混合,得到WC-Y2O3粉体。在本发明中,所述WC粉体的平均晶粒尺寸优选为200nm~400nm,更优选为200~300nm,在本发明的实施例中,具体为200nm。在本发明中,所述Y2O3粉体的平均晶粒尺寸优选为50nm~200nm,更优选为100~150nm,在本发明的实施例中,具体为50nm。在本发明中,所述Y2O3粉体的质量优选占WC粉体和Y2O3粉体总质量的1~3%,更优选为1.5~2.5%。
在本发明中,所述球磨混合的条件优选包括:球料质量比为(5~15):1,球磨介质为无水乙醇,球磨转速为200~250r/min,球磨时间为6~12h。进一步的,所述球料质量比更优选为10:1,球磨转速更优选为210~230r/min,球磨时间更优选为8~10h。在本发明中,所述球磨混合过程中,本发明优选每5分钟换向一次。为了避免球磨过程中产生杂质,本发明优选采用硬质合金球磨罐和磨球。所述球磨混合后,本发明优选还包括对球磨后的物料进行干燥,所述干燥优选为真空干燥,所述真空干燥的温度优选为60℃,所述真空干燥的时间优选为24h。本发明利用球磨使得Y2O3粉体在WC粉体中充分分散开来。
得到WC-Y2O3粉体后,本发明向所述WC-Y2O3粉体中加入饱和草酸溶液至完全润湿,将润湿后的WC-Y2O3粉体进行冷压烧结,得到烧结体。
在本发明中,使所述WC-Y2O3粉体完全润湿采用的饱和草酸溶液的用量优选满足:WC-Y2O3粉体和饱和草酸溶液的固液比为10g:(1~1.5)mL,更优选为10g:1mL。
在本发明中,所述冷压烧结的压力为200~400MPa,优选为250~350MPa;所述冷压烧结的升温程序优选为:先升温至100~150℃保温1h,继续升温至200~300℃保温1~2h;更优选:先升温至150℃保温1h,然后继续升温至250℃保温2h。本发明优选自室温开始升温。在本发明中,冷压烧结过程中各所述升温的速率独立地优选为10~15℃/min。本发明优选将WC-Y2O3粉体置于金属模具中,在金属模具外圈安装加热圈,然后金属模具上压头施加压力,将加热圈按上述升温程序进行升温进行所述冷压烧结。
本发明向得到的WC-Y2O3粉体中加入饱和草酸溶液至完全润湿,Y2O3本身微溶于草酸溶液,在冷压烧结的压力和温度作用下,Y2O3开始先发生部分溶解,随着温度的升高,草酸溶液蒸发,Y2O3会析出,正是由于微量Y2O3在草酸溶液中的溶解-析出,使得WC-Y2O3粉体间隙处达到过饱和状态,并使颗粒接触区的化学势高于晶体,此时溶解的原子或离子簇将在晶体处析出,从而促进WC-Y2O3的致密化,使WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金在较低的温度下(100℃~300℃)获得相对密度达70%以上的烧结体,进而极大地降低了后续传统烧结工艺(热压烧结)制备无粘结相WC基硬质合金的烧结温度,且得到的WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金致密性高,综合性能优异。
得到烧结体后,本发明将所述烧结体进行热压烧结,得到WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金。在本发明中,所述热压烧结的升温程序优选为:在150℃保温20min,然后升温至250℃保温20min,继续升温至800℃保温60min,最后升温至1400~1650℃保温90min;所述热压烧结的压力优选为40MPa。本发明优选将所述烧结体置于石墨模具中进行热压烧结。本发明所述热压烧结过程中残余的草酸溶液进一步分解析出,WC晶粒进一步重排,有效降低空隙和晶界,从而进一步提高烧结体的致密性。本发明优选自室温开始升温。在本发明中,热压烧结过程中各所述升温的速率独立地优选为10~15℃/min。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的冷压-热压烧结制备WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的方法进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
1、球磨混合
将平均晶粒尺寸分别为200nm和50nm的WC粉体和Y2O3粉体按一定的质量分数进行球磨混合,氧化钇质量分数为1%,采用硬质合金球磨罐和磨球,球磨工艺如下:球料质量比为10:1,球磨介质为无水乙醇,球磨转速为200r/min,每5分钟换向一次,球磨时间为12h,球磨结束后,将粉体放在真空干燥箱内60℃干燥24h,得到WC-1wt.%Y2O3粉体。球磨前后的粉体形貌如图1所示,其中,a为Y2O3粉体,b为WC粉体,c为球磨后的WC-1wt.%Y2O3粉体,由图1可知,粉体混合均匀,未见Y2O3粉体的局部富集。
2、冷压烧结
称取30gWC-1wt.%Y2O3粉体,滴加饱和草酸溶液3mL至粉体完全湿润,然后将润湿后的粉体置于直径为20mm的金属模具中,金属模具外圈装加热圈,然后金属模具上压头施加压力400MPa,加热圈升温至150℃,保温1h,继续升温至250℃,保温2h,升温速率为10℃/min,得到烧结体。
图2为烧结体试样断口形貌,从图中可以看出,虽然只有250℃的烧结温度,但在400MPa的高压以及饱和草酸溶液存在的环境中,碳化钨晶粒间出现了扩散现象,经测定,试样致密性达到了70%。
3、热压烧结
将冷压烧结制备得到的烧结体装入石墨模具中进行热压烧结,烧结压力为40MPa,升温速率为10℃/min,烧结过程中,在150℃保温20min,250℃保温20min,800℃度保温60min,1600℃保温90min,制备得到掺杂质量分数为1%的Y2O3的无粘结相碳化钨基硬质合金。
测定试样相对密度为97.87%,硬度为2399HV30,断裂韧性为8.2MPa·m1/2。图3显示了本实施例制备的质量分数为1%的Y2O3的无粘结相碳化钨基硬质合金断口形貌,WC晶粒结合紧密,局部区域存在孔隙。
实施例2
1、球磨混合
将平均晶粒尺寸分别为200nm和50nm的WC粉体和Y2O3粉体按一定的质量分数进行球磨混合,氧化钇质量分数为2%,采用硬质合金球磨罐和磨球,球磨工艺如下:球料质量比为10:1,球磨介质为无水乙醇,球磨转速为200r/min,每5分钟换向一次,球磨时间为12h,球磨结束后,将粉体放在真空干燥箱内60℃干燥24h,得到WC-2wt.%Y2O3粉体。
2、冷压烧结
称取30g球磨混合制备得到的WC-2wt.%Y2O3粉体,滴加饱和草酸溶液3mL至粉体完全湿润,然后将润湿的粉体置于直径为20mm的金属模具中,金属模具外圈装加热圈,然后金属模具上压头施加压力400MPa,加热圈升温至150℃,保温1h,继续升温至250℃,保温2h,升温速率为10℃/min,得到烧结体。测定烧结体致密性,相对密度为73%。
3、热压烧结
将冷压烧结制备得到的烧结体装入石墨模具中进行热压烧结,烧结温度为1600℃,烧结压力为40MPa,升温速率为10℃/min,烧结过程中,在150℃保温20min,250℃保温20min,800℃度保温60min,1600℃保温90min,制备得到掺杂质量分数为2%的Y2O3的无粘结相碳化钨基硬质合金。
测定试样相对密度为99.96%,硬度为2500HV30,断裂韧性为9.1MPa·m1/2。图4显示了本实施例所制备的质量分数为2%的Y2O3的无粘结相碳化钨基硬质合金断口形貌,WC晶粒紧密结合,基本上不存在孔隙,接近全致密状态。
实施例3
1、球磨混合
将平均晶粒尺寸分别为200nm和50nm的WC粉体和Y2O3粉体按一定的质量分数进行球磨混合,氧化钇质量分数为3%,采用硬质合金球磨罐和磨球,球磨工艺如下:球料质量比为10:1,球磨介质为无水乙醇,球磨转速为200r/min,每5分钟换向一次,球磨时间为12h,球磨结束后,将粉体放在真空干燥箱内60℃干燥24h,得到WC-3wt.%Y2O3粉体。
2、冷压烧结
称取30g球磨混合制备得到的WC-3wt.%Y2O3粉体,滴加饱和草酸溶液3mL至粉体完全湿润,然后将润湿后的粉体置于直径为20mm的金属模具中,金属模具外圈装加热圈,然后金属模具上压头施加压力400MPa,加热圈升温至150℃,保温1h,继续升温至250℃,保温2h,升温速率为10℃/min,得到烧结体。测定烧结体的致密性,相对密度为73%。
3、热压烧结
将冷压烧结制备得到的烧结体装入石墨模具中进行热压烧结,烧结压力为40MPa,升温速率为10℃/min,烧结过程中,在150℃保温20min,250℃保温20min,800℃度保温60min,1600℃保温90min,制备得到掺杂质量分数为3%的Y2O3的无粘结相碳化钨基硬质合金。
测定试样相对密度为99.87%,硬度为2357HV30,断裂韧性为8.8MPa·m1/2。图5显示了本实施例的所制备的质量分数为3%的Y2O3的无粘结相碳化钨基硬质合金断口形貌,WC晶粒紧密结合,只有少量的孔隙存在。
实施例4
1、球磨混合
将平均晶粒尺寸分别为200nm和50nm的WC粉体和Y2O3粉体按一定的质量分数进行球磨混合,氧化钇质量分数为3%,采用硬质合金球磨罐和磨球,球磨工艺如下:球料质量比为10:1,球磨介质为无水乙醇,球磨转速为200r/min,每5分钟换向一次,球磨时间为12h,球磨结束后,将粉体放在真空干燥箱内60℃干燥24h,得到WC-3wt.%Y2O3粉体。
2、冷压烧结
称取30g球磨混合制备得到的WC-3wt.%Y2O3粉体,滴加饱和草酸溶液3mL至粉体完全湿润,然后将润湿后的粉体置于直径为20mm的金属模具中,金属模具外圈装加热圈,然后金属模具上压头施加压力400MPa,加热圈升温至150℃,保温1h,继续升温至250℃,保温2h,升温速率为10℃/min,得到烧结体。测定烧结体的致密性,相对密度为73%。
3、热压烧结
将冷压烧结制备得到的烧结体装入石墨模具中进行热压烧结,烧结压力为40MPa,升温速率为10℃/min,烧结过程中,在150℃保温20min,250℃保温20min,800℃度保温60min,1650℃保温90min,制备得到掺杂质量分数为3%的Y2O3的无粘结相碳化钨基硬质合金。
测定试样相对密度为100%,硬度为2460HV30,断裂韧性为9.3MPa·m1/2。图6显示了本实施例的所制备的质量分数为3%的Y2O3的无粘结相碳化钨基硬质合金断口形貌,WC晶粒紧密结合,未见孔隙存在。
对比例
1、球磨混合
将平均晶粒尺寸分别为200nm和50nm的WC粉体和Y2O3粉体按一定的质量分数进行球磨混合,氧化钇质量分数为2%,采用硬质合金球磨罐和磨球,球磨工艺如下:球料质量比为10:1,球磨介质为无水乙醇,球磨转速为200r/min,每5分钟换向一次,球磨时间为12h,球磨结束后,将粉体放在真空干燥箱内60℃干燥24h,得到WC-2wt.%Y2O3粉体。
2、热压烧结
称取30g球磨混合制备得到的WC-2wt.%Y2O3粉体,然后将粉体置于直径为20mm的金属模具中,金属模具上压头施加压力400MPa,保持10min,脱模,将压制成型的WC-2wt.%Y2O3块体装入石墨模具中进行热压烧结,烧结压力为40MPa,升温速率为10℃/min,烧结过程中,在150℃保温20min,250℃保温20min,在800℃度保温60min,1600℃保温90min,制备得到掺杂质量分数为2%的Y2O3的无粘结相碳化钨基硬质合金。
测定试样相对密度为96.65%,硬度为2156HV30,断裂韧性为8.2MPa·m1/2。图7显示了本对比例的所制备的质量分数为2%的Y2O3的无粘结相碳化钨基硬质合金断口形貌,有些WC晶粒间没有得到较好地结合,存在较多的孔隙。
由以上实施例可知,本发明提供了一种冷压-热压烧结制备WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的方法,能显著降低无粘结WC基硬质合金的烧结温度,同时提高合金的致密度和综合力学性能,且成本低廉。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种冷压-热压烧结制备WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金的方法,包括以下步骤:
将WC粉体和Y2O3粉体进行球磨混合,得到WC-Y2O3粉体;
向所述WC-Y2O3粉体中加入饱和草酸溶液至完全润湿,将润湿后的WC-Y2O3粉体进行冷压烧结,得到烧结体;所述冷压烧结的压力为200~400MPa;所述冷压烧结的升温程序为:先升温至100~150℃保温1h,继续升温至200~300℃保温1~2h;
将所述烧结体进行热压烧结,得到WC-Y2O3无粘结相硬质合金;
所述热压烧结的升温程序为:在150℃保温20min,然后升温至250℃保温20min,继续升温至800℃保温60min,最后升温至1400~1650℃保温90min;所述热压烧结的压力为40MPa;
所述WC-Y2O3粉体和饱和草酸溶液的固液比为10g:(1~1.5)mL;
所述Y2O3粉体的质量占WC粉体和Y2O3粉体总质量的1~3%;
所述冷压烧结和热压烧结过程中各所述升温的速率独立为10~15℃/min;
所述球磨混合的条件包括:球料质量比为(5~15):1,球磨介质为无水乙醇,球磨转速为200~250r/min,球磨时间为6~12h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述WC粉体的平均晶粒尺寸为200nm~400nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述Y2O3粉体的平均晶粒尺寸为50nm~200nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述球磨混合后还包括对球磨后的物料进行干燥,所述干燥为真空干燥。
CN202010742590.0A 2020-07-29 2020-07-29 一种冷压-热压烧结制备wc-y2o3无粘结相硬质合金的方法 Active CN111778436B (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010742590.0A CN111778436B (zh) 2020-07-29 2020-07-29 一种冷压-热压烧结制备wc-y2o3无粘结相硬质合金的方法
NL2028306A NL2028306B1 (en) 2020-07-29 2021-05-27 Method for preparing binderless wc-y2o3 cemented carbide by pressure-assisted cold and hot sintering

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010742590.0A CN111778436B (zh) 2020-07-29 2020-07-29 一种冷压-热压烧结制备wc-y2o3无粘结相硬质合金的方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111778436A CN111778436A (zh) 2020-10-16
CN111778436B true CN111778436B (zh) 2021-08-31

Family

ID=72765391

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010742590.0A Active CN111778436B (zh) 2020-07-29 2020-07-29 一种冷压-热压烧结制备wc-y2o3无粘结相硬质合金的方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111778436B (zh)
NL (1) NL2028306B1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114835473B (zh) * 2022-06-08 2023-01-31 台州学院 一种氧化铝陶瓷及其制备方法
CN115286391A (zh) * 2022-07-26 2022-11-04 广东正信硬质材料技术研发有限公司 一种无粘结剂硬质合金材料及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4700217B2 (ja) * 2001-04-26 2011-06-15 日本タングステン株式会社 WC−ZrO2基複合セラミックス焼結体
CN108165791B (zh) * 2017-12-06 2020-01-17 台州学院 一种无粘结相超细碳化钨硬质合金的制备方法
CN109095471A (zh) * 2018-10-29 2018-12-28 合肥工业大学 一种具有核壳结构的wc包覆稀土氧化物无粘结相硬质合金的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN111778436A (zh) 2020-10-16
NL2028306A (en) 2022-03-21
NL2028306B1 (en) 2022-07-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN108823478A (zh) 超细高熵合金粘结相金属陶瓷及其制备方法
CN107739950A (zh) 一种WC‑Co‑cBN复合硬质合金及其制备方法
CN109576545B (zh) 一种具有混晶结构的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷及其制备方法
CN111778436B (zh) 一种冷压-热压烧结制备wc-y2o3无粘结相硬质合金的方法
CN108950299B (zh) 一种高熵合金结合金刚石超硬复合材料及其制备方法
CN109338193B (zh) 一种无芯-环结构金属陶瓷合金及其制备方法
CN110819866B (zh) 一种WC-Co-B4C硬质合金的制备方法
CN101255520A (zh) 纳米WC-Co复合粉改性的Ti(CN)基金属陶瓷及其制备方法
CN101070577A (zh) 超细TiC0.7N0.3基金属陶瓷及其制备方法
CN102828096B (zh) 一种金属陶瓷切削工具材料及其制备方法
CN106699190B (zh) 一种用立方氮化硼单晶原生料作为初始原料制备聚晶烧结体的方法
CN112063905B (zh) 一种高性能WC-WCoB-Co复相硬质合金及其制备方法
CN109881070A (zh) 一种具有高硬度和高韧性的金属陶瓷及其制备方法和应用
CN114058893B (zh) 一种AlCoCrFeNi作粘结剂的WC-Y2O3-ZrO2基体硬质合金的制备方法
CN106392907A (zh) 一种基于自蔓延反应快速制备致密超硬磨具与钻具的方法
CN106625198B (zh) 含氧化锆的复合型超硬珩磨油石及其制备方法
CN101890589B (zh) 一种钎焊立方氮化硼颗粒高温镍基钎料及用其制备立方氮化硼高温超硬耐磨复合材料的方法
CN113278858B (zh) 一种Y2(Zr)O3增硬增韧WC-Co硬质合金材料及其制备方法
CN105986139B (zh) 一种碳化钛金属陶瓷及其制备方法
CN107962293B (zh) 高熔点材料搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头的一体化成型方法
CN107287461B (zh) 一种超细晶高性能Ti(C,N)-TiB2-WC-TaC复合金属陶瓷刀具及制备方法
CN111266573B (zh) 一种聚晶立方氮化硼复合片的制备方法
CN110541151B (zh) 一种聚晶立方氮化硼复合片及其制备方法
CN104690273A (zh) 一种纳米改性Ti(C&N)基金属陶瓷刀具的制备工艺
CN104131206A (zh) 碳氮化钛基硬质合金高速线材导轮材料及其制备方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant