CN111771635B - High-yield seed production method of three-line pod peppers - Google Patents
High-yield seed production method of three-line pod peppers Download PDFInfo
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- CN111771635B CN111771635B CN202010731095.XA CN202010731095A CN111771635B CN 111771635 B CN111771635 B CN 111771635B CN 202010731095 A CN202010731095 A CN 202010731095A CN 111771635 B CN111771635 B CN 111771635B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable seed production, and discloses a high-yield seed production method of three-line pod peppers, which comprises the following steps: adopting a plug seedling mode to carry out seed production of the pod pepper and parent seedling; fertilizing in the field; when seedlings are planted in a fixed mode, urea serving as a seedling raising fertilizer is added along with root fixing water for watering and topdressing; secondary and tertiary topdressing is carried out before pollination; after the first inflorescence of the female parent blooms, completely removing lateral branches and leaves below the first inflorescence of the female parent plant of the sterile line; collecting buds which need to be opened on the same day before 10 am on a cloudy and sunny day in the full bloom period of the male parent, collecting big white buds which need to be opened on the next day in the afternoon, pulling out stamens to disperse powder at a dry and cool place without wind, and collecting pollen; pollen is put into a pollen tube, and the female parent style of the sterile line is pollinated every day or every other day after dew is dried. The invention provides a high-yield seed production method of three-line pod pepper, which can efficiently breed pod pepper seeds, improve the seed production yield of the pod pepper and reduce the seed production labor input.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable seed production, and particularly relates to a high-yield seed production method of three-line pod peppers.
Background
The pepper is a normal cross pollinated crop, the advantages of the hybrid are obvious, and compared with the conventional seeds, the hybrid has the advantages of strong stress resistance and disease resistance, high yield and the like. However, in the production of common pepper hybrid seeds, manual emasculation is needed in the bud stage, the technical requirement is strong, the working difficulty is high, the labor is more, the seed production cost is high, and the purity of seeds is difficult to ensure. By using the male sterile two lines of the pepper to produce seeds in a matching way, the artificial emasculation cost can be obviously reduced, but 50 percent of plant pollen of the planted female parent needs to be eliminated due to the fertility, and the seed production cost is higher. The cytoplasmic male sterility three-line mating seed production of the pepper is utilized, the female parent is a full sterile line, the female parent plant is not required to be eliminated, and the artificial castration in the bud period is not required, so that the seed production cost can be obviously saved, the purity of hybrid seeds can be ensured, and the seed production yield and benefit can be improved.
In the three-line hybrid seed production of the pepper, the manual investment of 2 links of collecting stamen loose powder and pollinating generally accounts for about 70 percent of the total investment. However, in the seed production process, because the flower stigma of the pepper is fine, crisp and tender, when the pepper is artificially pollinated, pollination or pollination omission often occurs for multiple times, the pollination tube is contacted for multiple times to cause damage to the flower stigma or pollination is effectively performed before the flower stigma is fresh, not aged and has good pregnancy, the fruit setting rate is reduced, and the improvement of seed production benefit is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-yield seed production method of three-line pod peppers.
The invention is realized in such a way, and the three-line pod pepper high-yield seed production method comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out three-line pod pepper parental seedling culture in a plug seedling culture mode; fertilizing in the field;
step two, field planting of parent seedlings, namely adding 1.5-2 kilograms of urea serving as a seedling extraction fertilizer into each mu of root water for watering and topdressing;
step three, applying 7-10 kilograms of soluble ternary compound fertilizer and 5 kilograms of urea to each mu for secondary topdressing 15 days after field planting; after the first inflorescence flower is bloomed and before pollination, applying 7-10 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer and medium element water-soluble fertilizer to each mu for three times of topdressing;
step four, after the first inflorescence of the female parent blooms, all the lateral branches and leaves below the first inflorescence of the female parent of the sterile line are removed;
collecting buds which need to be opened on the same day before 10 am on cloudy and sunny days in the full-bloom period of the male parent, collecting big white buds which need to be opened on the next day in the afternoon, pulling out stamens to scatter powder at dry, shady and cool places without wind, and collecting the pollen and storing the pollen in a freezing chamber of a refrigerator for later use;
and step six, filling pollen into a pollen tube, and pollinating the stigma of the female parent of the sterile line every day or every other day after dew is dried.
Further, in the first step, the field fertilization method comprises the following steps:
according to the proportion that per mu of calcium superphosphate is 30 kg and N: p: k15: 15: and (3) applying 30-50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer of 15 and 300 kg of bio-organic fertilizer meeting NY884-2012 execution standard as base fertilizer.
Further, in the third step, the execution standard of the medium element water-soluble fertilizer is NY 2266-2012.
Further, in the fifth step, the collecting pollen stored in the freezer compartment of the refrigerator includes:
the storage and preservation temperature is between 16 ℃ below zero and 18 ℃.
Further, in step six, the pollinating comprises:
pollinating the stigma of the female parent of the sterile line of the single-generation pod pepper which is opened in the same day after the dew is dried every day;
pollinating the stigma opened by the female parent of the cluster pod pepper sterile line on the same day and yesterday after dew is dried every other day.
The pollination temperature is between 20 and 30 ℃;
the pollination duration of the single pod pepper is 20-25 days;
the pollination duration of cluster pod peppers is 15-20 days;
after pollination of pollen on each stigma of the maternal plant of the single-generation pod pepper, cutting off half of the leaves at the insertion position of the pollinated flowers for marking; new flowers are awarded every day.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention provides a high-yield seed production method of three-line pod peppers, which is simple and practical and can be quickly understood and mastered by seed production operators. Can efficiently produce the pod pepper and improve the yield of the pod pepper.
Advantageous effects
1. According to the invention, after the artificial pollination of the single-born pod pepper, half of the leaves at the insertion position of the pollinated flower are pinched off for marking, so that labor and time are saved, the method is favorable for judging whether the stigma of the new flower on the female parent plant pollinates the pollen or not, and the stigma is prevented from being damaged by the contact of the pollination tube again.
2. According to the invention, alternate-day pollination is provided in cluster pod pepper artificial pollination, and the oxidative discoloration of the pollinated stigma can be effectively distinguished, so that damage to the pollinated stigma due to re-pollination is avoided.
3. According to the method, the fertilization management is reasonably carried out according to different growth and development stages of the pepper seed production parents, the reproductive growth requirements of the pepper seed production parents are ensured, and the improvement of seed production seed quality is promoted.
4. The technology provided by the invention is simple and practical, and the seed production personnel can quickly understand and master the technology, so that the seed production cost of the pod pepper can be reduced, and the seed production yield and benefit can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a high-yield seed production method of three-line pod peppers provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures, for which specific experimental conditions are not indicated in the following examples, are generally carried out according to conventional conditions, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturers.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-yield seed production method of three-line pod peppers, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for producing seeds of three-line pod pepper with high yield provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
s101, adopting a plug seedling mode to carry out parent seedling of pod pepper; fertilizing in the field;
s102, planting parent seedlings, adding 1.5-2 kilograms of urea as a seedling raising fertilizer into each mu of water for root fixing and watering and topdressing;
s103, applying 7-10 kilograms of soluble ternary compound fertilizer and 5 kilograms of urea to each mu for secondary topdressing 15 days after field planting; after the first inflorescence flower is bloomed and before pollination, applying 7-10 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer and medium element water-soluble fertilizer to each mu for three times of topdressing;
s104, after the first inflorescence of the female parent blooms, all the lateral branches and leaves below the first inflorescence of the female parent of the sterile line are removed;
s105, collecting buds which need to be opened on the same day before 10 am on a cloudy and sunny day when the male parent is in a full-bloom period, collecting big white buds which need to be opened on the next day in the afternoon, pulling out stamens to disperse powder at a dry and shady and cool windless place, and collecting the pollen for low-temperature storage for later use;
s106, pollen is filled into a pollen tube, pollination is carried out on the flowers of the single-generation pod pepper female parent in the same day after dew is dried every day, and pollination is carried out on the flowers of the clustered pod pepper female parent in the same day and yesterday after dew is dried every other day.
The three-line pod pepper high-yield seed production method provided by the invention can be implemented by other steps by ordinary technicians in the field, and the three-line pod pepper high-yield seed production method provided by the invention in figure 1 is only a specific embodiment.
In step S101, the field fertilizing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the base fertilizer is applied according to 30 kg of superphosphate, 30-50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 300 kg of biological organic fertilizer per mu of superphosphate.
In step S106, the pollination provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the pollination temperature is between 20 and 30 ℃;
the pollination duration of the single pod pepper is 20-25 days;
the pollination duration of cluster pod peppers is 15-20 days;
after each flower of the maternal plant of the single-generation pod pepper has been pollinated, one half of the leaf at the position where the pollinated flower is inserted is cut off and marked; new flowers are awarded every day.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
the three-line cluster-grown pod pepper high-yield seed production method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1. seedling raising mode: plug seedling;
2. fertilizing and ridging in a field: applying 30 kilograms of ordinary calcium (superphosphate), 40 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer and 300 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer per mu, uniformly mixing and applying the mixture on a compartment surface to be ridged, and ridging according to the width of the compartment surface being 70cm and the gap between the compartment surfaces being 60cm of a ditch operation channel;
3. planting pepper seedlings: the row spacing of the plants in the compartment surface is 50cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, and pepper seedlings are planted in single-compartment double-row single plants;
4. topdressing: and (3) seedling extraction and fertilizer application: when pepper seedlings are planted, adding about 2 kilograms of urea as seedling-lifting fertilizer into each mu of water along with the root-fixing water; and (3) secondary topdressing: applying 8 kilograms of soluble ternary compound fertilizer and about 5 kilograms of urea to each mu 15 days after field planting; and (3) topdressing for the third time: after the first inflorescence is opened and before pollination, 10 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer and medium element water-soluble fertilizer are applied to each mu;
5. and (3) coating the collateral: completely coating lateral branches and leaves on a trunk below the first inflorescence of the female parent after the first inflorescence of the female parent blooms, and not coating branches on the male parent;
6. powder collection: collecting flower buds which need to be opened on the same day before 10 am of the male parent in the full-bloom period, collecting big white buds which need to be opened on the next day in the afternoon, pulling out stamens to disperse powder at dry, shady and cool places without wind, and collecting pollen and storing the pollen in a freezing chamber of a refrigerator for later use;
7. pollination: putting pollen into a pollen tube, pollinating after dew is dried in sunny days and cloudy days, controlling the temperature to be between 20 and 30 ℃ during pollination, controlling pollinated flowers to be based on flowers opening in the same day, cutting off half of leaves at the insertion position of the pollinated flowers after each flower gives pollen, marking so as to prevent repeated pollination in the next day, giving new flowers every day, and keeping the pollination time for about 25 days.
Example 2:
the three-line cluster-grown pod pepper high-yield seed production method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1. applying a ridging fertilizer: uniformly mixing base fertilizers according to 300 kg of biological organic fertilizer, 40 kg of ordinary superphosphate and about 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, applying the base fertilizers to compartment surfaces to be ridged, and ridging according to the width of the compartment surfaces being 60cm and the passing ditch operation channel between the compartment surfaces being 60 cm;
2. seedling planting: planting pepper seedlings with row spacing of 40cm and plant spacing of 25cm in the compartment surface, and planting pepper seedlings by single compartment double rows and single plants;
3. topdressing: on the day before pollination, 5 kg of urea and 20 kg of water-soluble ternary compound fertilizer and 2 kg of zinc fertilizer are applied to each mu;
4. powder collection: collecting flowers which need to be opened on the day before 10 am, collecting flowers which need to be opened on the next day in the afternoon, drawing out stamens, collecting pollen and freezing at low temperature for later use;
5. pollination: and (3) pollinating after the dew is dried, wherein the pollination can be performed all day long at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, the pollination is flowers which open on the same day and the last day, the pollination is performed once every other day, and the pollination lasts for about 15 days.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the experiments.
Test 1:
the method provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention is used for carrying out three-line single-generation pod pepper high-yield seed production as a test example, the method provided by the local standard of Guizhou province, Guizhou pepper three-line hybrid seed production technical specification (DB52T952-2014) is used for carrying out three-line single-generation pod pepper seed production as a control example, and the southern breeding of the single-generation pod pepper Qianhua No. 10 is carried out in nine towns of Hainan Ledong county in the province of Hainan from winter to spring of 2019. Except that the test requires different treatments, other management is consistent with the conventional technology. The single plant fruit bearing number, mu seed production amount, kilogram seed cost and seed germination rate of the seed production female parent are investigated and counted. The statistical results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 statistics table for south numerous seed production performance of single-grown pod pepper
According to the results in table 1, the test example of the technology adopted by the single-generation pod pepper in the south Hainan breeding has the advantages that the fruit bearing number of the single plant of the sterile line female parent after pollination and the seed production quantity per mu are respectively improved by 18.0 percent and 21.6 percent compared with the control example, the effective seed rate and the seed germination rate are both improved by 3 percent, the seed production cost of kilogram seeds is reduced by 45 yuan, and the cost is reduced by 8.1 percent. Therefore, the technology of the invention can obviously improve the seed production yield, reduce the seed production cost and improve the seed quality when being adopted in the seed production of the single-generation pod pepper.
Test 2:
the method provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention is used for three-line cluster pod pepper high-yield seed production as a test example, the method provided by Guizhou local standard Guizhou pepper three-line hybrid seed production technical specification (DB52T952-2014) in Guizhou province is used for three-line cluster pod pepper seed production as a control example, and the south propagation seed production of cluster pod pepper Qianhua No. 14 in Jiuzhou town of Hainan Ledong county in 2019 winter to spring the next year. The single plant fruit bearing number, mu seed production amount, kilogram seed cost and seed germination rate of the seed production female parent are investigated and counted. The statistical results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 statistic table of south propagation seed production performance of cluster pod pepper
According to the results in table 1, the test example of the technology adopted by cluster pod pepper in south Hainan breeding has the advantages that the fruit bearing number of each plant of the sterile line female parent after pollination and the seed production amount per mu are respectively increased by 12.2% and 9.3% compared with the control example, the effective seed rate and the seed germination rate are both increased by 2%, the seed production cost of kilogram seeds is reduced by 82 yuan, and the cost is reduced by 17.63%. Therefore, the technology of the invention can obviously improve the seed production yield, reduce the seed production cost and improve the seed quality when being used for the seed production of cluster pod peppers.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A three-line pod pepper high-yield seed production method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adopting a plug seedling mode to carry out the breeding of the male parent and the female parent of the three-line pod pepper seed production; fertilizing in the field;
planting the parent and the female parent seedlings, adding urea as a seedling extracting fertilizer along with the root fixing water for watering and topdressing;
applying soluble ternary compound fertilizer and adding urea for secondary topdressing 15 days after field planting; after the first-order flowers are bloomed until pollination, applying a ternary compound fertilizer and a medium element water-soluble fertilizer for three times of topdressing;
after the first inflorescence of the female parent blooms, the lower lateral branches and leaves of the first inflorescence of the female parent of the sterile line are completely removed;
collecting buds which need to open on the same day in the morning of cloudy and sunny days of the male parent in the full-bloom period, collecting big white buds which need to open on the next day in the afternoon, drawing out stamens to disperse powder at dry, shady and cool positions without wind, and collecting pollen for low-temperature storage for later use;
putting pollen into a pollen tube, and pollinating stigma of the female parent of the sterile line every day or every other day after dew is dried;
the field fertilizing method comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer according to 30 kg of superphosphate, 30-50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 300 kg of biological organic fertilizer per mu of calcium superphosphate;
when pod pepper parent seedlings are planted, 1.5-2 kg of urea is added as a seedling extraction fertilizer to each mu of water for root fixing, and watering and topdressing are carried out.
2. The high-yield seed production method of three-line pod peppers as claimed in claim 1, wherein 7-10 kg of soluble NPK ternary compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea are applied to each mu for secondary topdressing 15 days after planting; and (3) applying 7-10 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer and medium element water-soluble fertilizer to each mu after the first-order flowers are bloomed and before pollination for three times of topdressing.
3. The method for producing seeds of three-line pod pepper with high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pollen is filled into a pollen tube, and the stigma of the female parent of the sterile line of the single-line pod pepper which is open in the day is pollinated after the dew is dried every day.
4. The three-line pod pepper high-yield seed production method as claimed in claim 1, wherein pollen is filled into the pollen tube, and the stigma opened on the same day and yesterday of the female parent of the clustered pod pepper sterile line is pollinated after dew is dried every other day.
5. The method for producing seeds of three-line pod peppers in high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pollination comprises: the pollination temperature is 20-30 ℃.
6. The method for producing seeds of three-line pod peppers in high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pollination comprises: the pollination duration of the single-grown pod peppers is 20-25 days.
7. The method for producing seeds of three-line pod peppers in high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pollination comprises: the pollination duration of the cluster pod peppers is 15-20 days.
8. The method for producing seeds of three-line pod pepper with high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein after each flower of the female parent of the single-line pod pepper has been pollinated, half of the leaf at the position where the pollinated flower is inserted is cut off as a mark; new flowers are awarded every day.
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| CN1003277B (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1989-02-15 | 陕西省农垦科技教育中心 | Three-line crossbreeding and cultivation technique for cabbage-type rape |
| KR100504172B1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-07-28 | 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 | Method for breeding a hybrid pepper using interspecific hybridization |
| IL183902A0 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2007-10-31 | Zeraim Gedera Ltd | Parthenocarpic pepper |
| CN104381121A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-04 | 湖南省西瓜甜瓜研究所 | Pollination method for increasing greenhouse seed production yield of thin-peel melon |
| CN105340450B (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2019-02-22 | 贵州省辣椒研究所 | A kind of numerous production of hybrid seeds floating seedlings fertilizer and water management method in capsicum south |
| CN108849483A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州省蚕业研究所 | A kind of quick breeding method of capsicum CMS line |
| CN109122303A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A method of improving capsicum hybrid seeding efficiency and yield |
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