CN111770979B - 具有低摩擦系数和高耐磨性的混合润滑脂 - Google Patents
具有低摩擦系数和高耐磨性的混合润滑脂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及提供一种具有低摩擦系数和高耐磨性的新型混合润滑脂,其可以在宽的温度范围内使用。该新型混合润滑脂基于硅油基润滑脂与合成烃油、矿物油或聚乙二醇基润滑脂的组合。特别地,所述新型混合润滑脂可以用于润滑基于塑料‑钢配对的车辆部件中的关节。
Description
本发明涉及提供一种具有低摩擦系数和高耐磨性的新型混合润滑脂,其可以在宽的温度范围内使用。该新型混合润滑脂基于硅油基润滑脂与合成烃油、矿物油或聚乙二醇基润滑脂的组合。特别地,所述新型混合润滑脂可以用于润滑基于塑料-钢配对的车辆部件中的关节,还可用于越来越多地用于车辆的执行器,例如制动器,制动力放大器,转向助力器(EPS)和车窗玻璃升降器。
使用基于硅油的润滑剂获得特别低的摩擦系数,该摩擦系数还可以在宽的温度范围内非常恒定地保持。为了进一步改善摩擦系数和粘滑性能,需要高的基础油粘度。硅脂,特别是基于聚二甲基硅氧烷的硅脂,具有很高的粘度指数和低的倾点。因此可以实现上述性能。然而,基于硅油的润滑脂组合物在耐磨性方面具有弱点,特别是对于高负载的应用,例如高应力的底盘万向节。
高的耐磨性主要使用基于矿物油、合成烃(例如PAO),酯,聚乙二醇或PFPE的润滑脂实现。为了覆盖宽的温度范围,需要具有尽可能高的粘度指数和低倾点的基础油。由于成本高,在许多应用中都不考虑使用PFPE作为基础油。即使随着基于合成烃,例如m-PAO(茂金属-PAO)的当前发展,该目的也只能在有限的范围内实现。为了使用基于合成烃的体系实现低摩擦系数需要添加剂,例如PTFE,但这会导致非常高的原材料成本。
WO 2104/028632 A1公开了包含无硅油的油和硅油作为基础油的润滑剂组合物,其中硅油是油溶性的油,并且选自乙基硅酮,辛基硅酮。还提到了锂皂作为增稠剂。
US 4 251 431 B描述了基于PFPE与甲基聚硅氧烷作为混合润滑脂的油的制备,其中两个油相都不溶。
EP 0 657 524 B1也描述了PFPE油与另一种PFPE不溶性油组分的混合物。
WO 2013/010851 A1公开了一种润滑剂组合物,其包含两种成分,即低粘度成分和高粘度成分,所述高粘度成分在低温下可与低粘度成分分离并在高温下变得均匀。
已知的混合润滑脂涉及PFPE润滑脂或油与其他无PFPE的润滑脂的共混物,并且还涉及不混溶的组合物。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种满足上述要求的润滑剂组合物,该润滑剂组合物特别可以在-50℃至+160℃的宽温度范围内使用,并且产生低的摩擦系数和长的使用寿命,并且在构件中基本上没有磨损迹象。
为此,根据本发明提供了一种混合润滑脂,其由基于硅油的润滑脂与基于合成烃油、矿物油或聚乙二醇油的润滑脂或油以及增稠剂和常规添加剂的混合物组成。至关重要的是两种基础油或油相彼此不可混溶。
在“Synthetic Lubricants and High Performance Functional fluids”(编辑R. L. Shubkin),Marcel Dekker Inc,New York,Basel,Hong Kong 1993,ISBN 0-8247-8715-3中包含有关典型PAO的信息(第1至40页),有关硅油的信息(第183至203页)和有关聚乙二醇的信息(第101至123页)。茂金属催化的PAO例如由ExxonMobil在Esslingen的第19届国际摩擦学会议(2014年1月21至23日)的演讲报告(“The influence of MolecularStructure on the Properties of Polyalphaolefins”,作者Bruce Harrington,SandyReid-Peters)中介绍过。
在Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie,第四次修订和扩展版,Verlag Chemie,1981年,第20卷中,在D. Klamman的文章“Schmierstoff und verwandteProdukte”(第457至671页)中同样包含有关硅油的信息(第523至525页)。这里,油的粘度在40℃下可以为18 mm²/s至20000 mm²/s。
通常,不可能将硅油与合成烃油混合。然而,令人惊讶地,可以混合基于不可混溶的基础油的润滑脂,例如作为硅油的聚二甲基硅氧烷和作为合成烃的例如PAO。可以将它们混合以产生均匀的润滑剂。还可以制备包含硅油作为基础油和增稠剂的批料,并且添加合成烃油作为类似于添加剂的混合组分。同样可以制备包含合成烃油作为基础油和增稠剂的批料,并且仅添加硅油作为类似于添加剂的混合组分。可以使用对应于在制备润滑脂中的现有技术的搅拌器来制备所述混合物。在混合之后,可以进行随后的均质处理步骤,例如使用研磨设备(胶体磨)、辊设备或高压均化器。
这样制备的润滑剂表现出所有上述所要求和期望的性能。
所述硅油选自聚二甲基硅氧烷,聚苯基甲基硅氧烷或两种油的混合物。所述合成烃油选自PAO,烯烃共聚物与PAO的混合物,PAO与聚异丁烯的混合物。所述增稠剂选自非皂增稠剂,例如脲,和皂增稠剂,例如复合和简单皂增稠剂,特别优选12-羟基硬脂酸锂、硬脂酸锂。
此外,在根据本发明的混合润滑脂中可以包含常规的添加剂,例如抗氧化剂,防腐剂以及固体润滑剂。
为了制备根据本发明的混合润滑脂,混合
(A)10至50重量%的基于合成烃油、矿物油或聚乙二醇的润滑脂,其包含50至90重量%的选自合成烃油、PAO、矿物油或聚乙二醇的基础油,10至25重量%的增稠剂,0至10重量%的添加剂,以及
(B)50至90重量%的硅脂,其包含70至90重量%的硅油,5至30重量%的增稠剂和至多0至10重量%的添加剂。
可选地,组分(A)可以包含0至50重量%的固体润滑剂。固体润滑剂可以是例如PTFE、石墨、二硫化钼、氰脲酸三聚氰胺及其混合物。
特别优选地,为了制备根据本发明的混合润滑脂,混合
(A)10至20重量%的润滑脂,其包含70至90重量%的选自合成烃油、矿物油或聚乙二醇的基础油,10至20重量%的增稠剂,1至7重量%的添加剂,以及
(B)80至90重量%的硅脂,其包含70至80重量%的聚二甲基硅氧烷,至多30重量%的增稠剂和1至10重量%的添加剂。
特别优选其中使用PAO,mPAO,乙烯,LAO共聚物作为合成烃的混合润滑脂。
图1示出了用于通过球窝关节中的扭矩测试来测定摩擦系数的装置构造。
图2示例性地示出了来自图1中的装置的测量的时间曲线。
图3示出了用于通过在球窝关节中的耐磨性测试来测定耐磨性的装置。
现在通过以下实施例更具体地阐述本发明。
实施例
制备:
使用根据现有技术的用于润滑脂的标准制备方法。
将基础油或一部分基础油或油混合物预先加入合适的带搅拌器的可加热容器中,其例如是在现有技术中用于制备润滑脂的容器。其中,进行增稠剂的制备,例如用氢氧化锂中和硬脂酸或12-羟基硬脂酸和随后的加热阶段以除去水并形成增稠剂结构。可以达到最高210℃的峰值温度以完全融化皂增稠剂和然后通过有针对性的冷却来调节增稠剂的形态。在随后的冷却阶段添加添加剂并将其均匀分布。还可以制备包含硅油作为基础油和增稠剂的批料,并且添加合成烃油作为类似于添加剂的混合组分。同样可以制备包含合成烃油作为基础油和增稠剂的批料,并且仅添加硅油作为类似于添加剂的混合组分。随后进行均质化处理,例如使用辊设备或胶体磨或高压均化器,如根据现有技术通常用于制备润滑脂的那些一样。
根据上述方法制备在表1中所示的润滑脂组分(A)和(B)。所有给出的量均以重量%计。
表1
混合润滑脂:
可以使用对应于在制备润滑脂中的现有技术的搅拌器来制备所述两种润滑脂的混合物。还可以制备包含硅油作为基础油和增稠剂的批料,并且添加合成烃油作为类似于添加剂的混合组分。同样可以制备包含合成烃油作为基础油和增稠剂的批料,并且仅添加硅油作为类似于添加剂的混合组分。在混合之后,可以进行随后的均质处理步骤,例如使用研磨设备(胶体磨)、辊设备或高压均化器。
通过该方法由表2中所示的组分(A)和(B)制备根据本发明的混合润滑脂。所有给出的量均以重量%计。
表2
混合润滑脂A | 混合润滑脂B | 混合润滑脂C | |
合成KW/PAO润滑脂A | 20% | - | - |
合成KW/PAO润滑脂B | - | 20% | 10% |
硅脂 | 80% | 80% | 90% |
摩擦系数的测定
为了通过球窝关节中的扭矩测试来测定摩擦系数,使用了下面描述的测试方法。测试设备的构造如图1中所示。
使用球窝关节,例如在车辆的底盘中批量装配的球窝关节。球体由直径23mm的钢制成。钢球体被POM(聚甲醛)制成的塑料壳体包围。在塑料壳体和钢球体之间引入润滑剂。然后,将带有球体的POM壳体通过形状配合方式引入到外壳中。如此对该外壳施加压力,使得一定的力施加在由壳体和球体构成的体系上。在本实施例中,单位面积压力为约1N/mm2。
表3示出了通过扭矩测试来测定摩擦系数的结果。
表3
样品 | 合成KW/PAO润滑脂A | 合成KW/PAO润滑脂B | 硅脂 | 混合润滑脂A | 混合润滑脂B | 混合润滑脂C |
+25℃时的松动力矩 | 6 Nm | 5.8 Nm | 3.2 Nm | 5 Nm | 3.2 Nm | 3.1 Nm |
-40℃时的松动力矩 | 3.9 Nm | 3.2 Nm | 2.7 Nm | 3.6 Nm | 2.7 Nm | 2.6 Nm |
+80℃时的松动力矩 | 5.5 Nm | 5.7 Nm | 3.2 Nm | 5.4 Nm | 3.2 Nm | 3.1 Nm |
+25℃时的运行力矩 | 2.5 Nm | 1.6 Nm | 1.8 Nm | 1.8 Nm | 1.6 Nm | 1.6 Nm |
-40℃时的运行力矩 | 2.7 Nm | 2.0 Nm | 0.9 Nm | 0.6 Nm | 0.8 Nm | 0.8 Nm |
+80℃时的运行力矩 | 3 Nm | 2.5 Nm (粘滑) | 2.3 Nm | 2.6 Nm | 2.3 Nm | 2.2 Nm |
与基于合成烃的润滑脂相比,可以通过配混对松动力矩和运转力矩产生积极影响。特别是使用混合润滑脂B和C可以特别有利地跨整个温度范围达到低的松动力矩和运行力矩,并且有时甚至还超过了(即降低了)。
耐磨性的测定
磨损测试在球窝关节中进行。
所描述的球窝关节通过装置承受3240 N的负载。该装置可活动地安装,以使球体可以在POM壳体中倾斜。倾斜运动以3°的偏转和15 Hz的频率进行。定期停止运动,并且通过减负载和负载反向来确定由磨损产生的间隙。
用于耐磨性测试的机构的构造示于图3中。
磨损测试的结果示于表4中。
在110万次负载循环后评估关节的磨损距离。
表4
样品 | 合成KW/PAO润滑脂A | 合成KW/PAO润滑脂B | 硅脂 | 混合润滑脂A | 混合润滑脂B | 混合润滑脂C |
磨损距离(mm) | 0.25 mm | 0.15 mm | > 0.65 mm | 0.4 mm | 0.2 mm | 0.3 mm |
与硅脂相比,可以通过配混对磨损值产生积极影响。特别是使用混合润滑脂B可以达到非常好的磨损水平。
Claims (10)
1.混合润滑脂,其包含
(A)10至50重量%的基于合成烃油、矿物油或聚乙二醇的润滑脂,其包含50至90重量%的选自合成烃油、矿物油或聚乙二醇的基础油,10至25重量%的增稠剂,0至10重量%的添加剂,其中(A)组分中各成分之和为100重量%,以及
(B)50至90重量%的硅脂,其包含70至90重量%的选自聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚苯基甲基硅氧烷或其混合物的硅油,5至30重量%的增稠剂和0至10重量%的添加剂,其中(B)组分中各成分之和为100重量%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合润滑脂,其包含
(A)10至20重量%的基于合成烃油、矿物油或聚乙二醇的润滑脂,其包含70至80重量%的选自合成烃油、矿物油或聚乙二醇的基础油,10至20重量%的增稠剂,1至7重量%的添加剂,以及
(B)80至90重量%的硅脂,其包含70至80重量%的选自聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚苯基甲基硅氧烷或其混合物的硅油,10至30重量%的增稠剂和1至10重量%的添加剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合润滑脂,其中所述合成烃油是PAO。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合润滑脂,其中所述混合润滑脂还包含选自抗氧化剂、防腐剂和固体润滑剂中一种或多种的物质。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合润滑脂,其包含选自PAO、烯烃共聚物与PAO的混合物、PAO与聚异丁烯的混合物的油作为合成烃油。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合润滑脂用于润滑在车辆领域中的关节的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合润滑脂的用途,用于润滑基于塑料-钢配对的关节。
8.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合润滑脂用于润滑执行器的用途。
9.根据权利要求8的用途,所述执行器选自车辆中的转向助力器、制动执行器、制动力放大器、车窗玻璃升降器。
10.制备根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合润滑脂的方法,其中所述混合润滑脂通过将两种不同的润滑脂混合并随后均质化而制备。
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