CN111763737A - 肿瘤标志物gfral及其应用 - Google Patents

肿瘤标志物gfral及其应用 Download PDF

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CN111763737A
CN111763737A CN202010768547.1A CN202010768547A CN111763737A CN 111763737 A CN111763737 A CN 111763737A CN 202010768547 A CN202010768547 A CN 202010768547A CN 111763737 A CN111763737 A CN 111763737A
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赵志平
王槐志
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First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Military Medical University
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Abstract

本发明涉及肿瘤标志物GFRAL及其应用，具体涉及肿瘤标志物GFRAL基因及其表达产物在诊断胰腺癌中的应用，属于生物医药领域。本发明通过免疫组化检测胰腺癌患者胰腺癌组织，结果发现GFRAL蛋白在患者中高表达，与肿瘤恶化程度呈正相关。本发明提供了一种有效的胰腺癌诊断分子标志物，为胰腺癌诊治提供了新的靶点，具有重要的临床应用价值。

Description

肿瘤标志物GFRAL及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域，具体涉及一种肿瘤标志物GFRAL及其应用。
背景技术
胰腺癌是一种高恶性度的消化道肿瘤，肿瘤患者早期缺乏特征性的临床表现，导致肿瘤被发现时多数已属晚期。其恶性程度高，手术切除率低，预后极差，其早期症状表现不典型，所以早期诊断较难。我国胰腺癌的发病率呈逐年上升趋势，但目前国内在胰腺癌的诊治中尚存在许多不足，胰腺癌相关的基础研究不够深入。胰腺癌发病率逐年上升，近20年来增加1-5倍，平均生存期为诊断后2-3个月，1年生存率为8％，5年生存率仅为3％。胰腺癌是男性和女性中第四常见的癌症死亡原因。目前治疗胰腺癌唯一有效的方法仍是手术切除。然而，由于肿瘤的侵袭性和早期即发生转移等特征，肿瘤细胞向正常胰腺组织侵袭，手术后出现复发，转移的几率仍较高。此外，对于绝大部分失去手术机会的胰腺癌患者，只能行姑息性手术，或化疗、放疗、免疫治疗等，临床效果不尽人意。胰腺癌的早期诊断和手术治疗对患者生存期的影响至关重要。其中早发现、早诊断后才能做到早治疗，因此早期诊断显得尤为重要，能让肿瘤患者大大提高治疗收益。目前血液学当中，胰腺癌诊断相关的标志物，包括CEA，CA19-9，CA724等等，往往某一项肿瘤标志物，很难具有良好的特异性和敏感性。在临床工作中，常常把多种的肿瘤标志物，结合在一起，共同来评价肿瘤，但仍不能百分之百有效。因此，开发和探索临床胰腺癌早期诊断的肿瘤标志物，对于临床胰腺癌的诊治具有重要意义。
GFRAL(Glial-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-like)是GDNF(Glial-derived neurotrophic factor)家族的一个孤儿受体。研究发现，GFRAL表达在小鼠中枢神经系统的后脑区域，能够与GDF-15直接结合，从而抑制小鼠的摄食行为，调节新陈代谢，使肥胖小鼠体重下降。因此，GFRAL与GDF-15可以作为治疗代谢相关性疾病，如肥胖、II型糖尿病等的潜在治疗靶标。作为一种膜蛋白，GFRAL的包浆功能域较短，可与共同受体Ret相结合，激活胞内PI3K-Akt，Erk1/2，MAPK以及PLCγ等下游信号通路，发挥生物学作用，目前尚无GFRAL在肿瘤中的相关报道。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种检测GFRAL基因和/或基因表达产物的制剂在制备诊断胰腺癌产品中的应用，本发明的目的之二在于提供一种含有抑制GFRAL基因的转录或翻译的试剂或化合物在制备治疗胰腺癌产品中的应用。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
1、检测GFRAL基因和/或基因表达产物的制剂在制备诊断胰腺癌产品中的应用。
作为优选技术方案之一，所述诊断胰腺癌产品检测对象为胰腺癌组织。
作为优选技术方案之一，所述诊断胰腺癌产品为荧光定量PCR试剂盒。
作为优选技术方案之一，所述诊断胰腺癌产品为基因芯片。
作为优选技术方案之一，所述诊断胰腺癌产品为免疫组化试剂盒。
2、含有抑制GFRAL基因的转录或翻译的试剂或化合物在制备治疗胰腺癌产品中的应用。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明首次公开了GFRAL基因表达与胰腺癌相关，GFRAL基因有望成为诊断胰腺癌的分子标志物，并为研究胰腺癌发生、发展的分子机理提供新的思路，具有重要的临床应用价值。此外，由于GFRAL基因表达与肿瘤恶化程度呈正相关，GFRAL基因也可作为新的胰腺癌治疗靶点，为胰腺癌治疗药物开发提供新的方向。
附图说明
图1为临床胰腺癌组织中GFRAL的表达结果图；
图2为GFRAL的表达与胰腺癌患者生存预后关系图；
图3为各胰腺癌细胞系中GFRAL的表达结果图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。
实施例1
病例的收集
所有胰腺癌组织均来源中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第一附属医院肝胆外科胰腺病区，自2007年-2016年的胰腺癌确诊患者，来院前未接受任何治疗，并对所有患者术后生存时间由临床随访人员进行专门随访并记录，对照来自器官捐献者胰腺组织。胰腺癌患者手术后立即对取下的肿瘤组织一部分由病理科进行HE染色，根据TNM进行肿瘤分期，T代表原位癌，N代表淋巴结转移，M代表远处转移。另一部分组织立即放入液氮中，24小时之内转入-80℃的超低温冰箱中储存备用。正常胰腺组织13例，肿瘤I期27例，肿瘤II期47例，肿瘤III期31例，肿瘤IV期12例。
实施例2
GFRAL免疫组化分析
取出实施例1中所有冻存组织，对所有组织进行脱水石蜡包埋。脱水顺序：70％乙醇120min，80％乙醇120min，80％乙醇120min，95％乙醇60min，95％乙醇60min，无水乙醇60min，无水乙醇60min。石蜡包埋：将脱水后的组织用加热熔化的石蜡包埋，待石蜡完全凝固后，把包埋好的石蜡块放置于4℃保存，使用前于-20℃冰箱中预冷10min，随后使用切片机按照每张切片4mm的厚度进行连续切片。将组织切片轻柔地移至60℃温水上，待组织完整摊开时，捞片至玻片上，每张玻片上取连续切片2块，并于60℃烘烤2h后收片，室温中降温后移至4℃保存。
1)将准备好的切片置于切片架，放入60℃恒温烤箱中烤片2h使石蜡充分融化；
2)迅速把已经融化的石蜡切片连同切片架一起放入二甲苯缸中脱蜡5min，完毕后放入新的二甲苯缸中再次脱蜡5min；
3)组织切片水化：无水乙醇5min，无水乙醇5min，90％乙醇5min，80％无水乙醇5min，70％乙醇5min，双蒸水5min，双蒸水5min。
4)待切片组织水化后，将切片取出置于洗片盒，倒入双蒸水水平摇床洗涤切3次，每次5min；
5)使用柠檬酸钠抗原修复液(0.01M)对切片组织进行抗原修复：将现配的柠檬酸钠抗原修复液放入微波炉中加热至沸腾，将切片置入切片架上缓慢放入煮沸的柠檬酸钠缓冲液中，继续煮20min，取出切片盒，于室温放置30min；
6)待抗原修复液温度降至室温后将切片再次放入洗片盒中，用PBS缓冲液水平摇洗切片3次，每次5min；
7)取出切片放入湿盒，使用免疫组化标记笔圈出组织位置，用1％BSA封闭液溶液对切片组织进行抗原封闭，室温孵育1h；
8)兔抗人GFRAL抗体用5％BSA稀释至1∶200，轻轻将配好的抗体覆盖于组织上，将玻片平稳地放入保湿盒，置入4℃保温箱中过夜；
9)将湿盒从保温箱取出置于室温，待温度到室温后，吸除一抗，将切片再次放入洗片盒，用PBS缓冲液水平摇床洗涤切片3次，每次5min；
10)取出过氧化物酶标记的IgG兔二抗滴在组织切片上，湿盒内室温孵育2h；
11)再次将切片放入洗片盒，用PBS缓冲液水平摇床洗片3次，每次5min；
12)取出DAB试剂盒，将配好的DAB工作显液(按照1∶50的比例进行稀释)滴加到组织上，同时于普通光学显微镜下观看，待组织逐渐出现黄褐色/棕褐色颗粒时，马上用自来水冲洗停止反应，记录第一张切片反应时间，保持同一抗体显色时间相同；
13)显色完成后，切片组织分别滴上苏木素染色液，室温孵育3min，自来水冲洗；
14)滴加1％稀盐酸10s，自来水冲洗；
15)滴加氨水10s，自来水冲洗切片；
16)将染色完毕的切片组织脱水：70％乙醇5min，80％乙醇5min，90％乙醇5min，无水乙醇5min，无水乙醇5min。
17)将上述脱水的切片置入切片架，放入二甲苯透明2次，每次5min；
18)在切片组织面滴上中性树胶，盖玻片封片，注意避免气泡形成，将切片放在通风的地方晾干，显微镜下观察，每张切片随机取5个视野拍照；
对免疫组化结果进行评分，评分标准为：高倍镜下随机选取5个视野，从染色强度及每个高倍视野阳性细胞百分数来进行分析，A染色强度(无棕色，0分；弱棕色，1分；中等程度棕色，2分；强深棕色，3分)；B阳性细胞百分数(0％，0分；＜10％，1分；10-50％，2分；＞50％，3分)。
免疫组化结果如图1中所示，与正常人胰腺组织相比较，GFRAL在胰腺癌组织中高表达；且胰腺癌组织中GFRAL表达量与患者临床肿瘤分期密切相关。免疫组化评分结果如表1所示，随着肿瘤级数的增高，GFRAL免疫组化评分也不断增加，两者呈正比例关系。
表1免疫组化评分
Figure BDA0002615602300000041
根据免疫组化评分结果，取每组平均值作为分界线，将肿瘤组织中GFRAL的表达水平划分为高表达组和低表达组。在临床数据库中获取高表达组和低表达组患者的术后生存时间。采用GraphPad Prism 5软件分析，制作出高、低表达组患者的生存曲线。结果如图2所示，胰腺癌中GFRAL的表达水平与患者术后生存时间密切相关，胰腺癌组织GFRAL表达越高，患者术后生存率越低；GFRAL表达越低，患者术后生存率越高。
实施例2
GFRAL在各胰腺癌细胞系中的表达
将不同类型的胰腺癌细胞AsPC-1、BxPC-3、CFPAC-1、SW-1990、Panc-1和Hs766t按照2×106个/孔接种到6孔板中，48h后收集细胞。用含有1％蛋白酶抑制剂和1％磷酸酶抑制剂的冷冻裂解缓冲液分别裂解上述细胞，提取蛋白。SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离蛋白，再将凝胶转移到PVDF膜上。在相应蛋白条带处滴加抗体GFRAL(1∶1000)和GAPDH(1∶1000)，4℃摇床上缓慢摇动孵育过夜。滴加对应一抗来源的HRP标记的二抗，37℃摇床缓慢摇动2h。随后在凝胶成像仪中曝光、收集图像。结果如图3所示，GFRAL在AsPC-1、BxPC-3、CFPAC-1、SW-1990这4种胰腺癌细胞中存在高表达，与上述胰腺癌临床样本中的表达结果相一致，在Panc-1和Hs766t细胞中低表达，查阅文献发现，不同胰腺癌细胞系中同一种蛋白质表达量不相同，跟胰腺癌细胞系表型及基因型不同相关，但这不影响总体GFRAL在胰腺癌中高表达的现象。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (6)

1.检测GFRAL基因和/或基因表达产物的制剂在制备诊断胰腺癌产品中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述应用，其特征在于，所述诊断胰腺癌产品检测对象为胰腺癌组织。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述诊断胰腺癌产品为荧光定量PCR试剂盒。
4.如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述诊断胰腺癌产品为基因芯片。
5.如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述诊断胰腺癌产品为免疫组化试剂盒。
6.含有抑制GFRAL基因的转录或翻译的试剂或化合物在制备治疗胰腺癌产品中的应用。
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