CN111763092A - 一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111763092A CN111763092A CN202010551525.XA CN202010551525A CN111763092A CN 111763092 A CN111763092 A CN 111763092A CN 202010551525 A CN202010551525 A CN 202010551525A CN 111763092 A CN111763092 A CN 111763092A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 magnesium aluminate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;silicic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010443 kyanite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052850 kyanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- BCFSVSISUGYRMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(dioxo)chromium;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O BCFSVSISUGYRMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，由刚玉细粉、磷酸二氢铝、蓝晶石、纯铝酸钙水泥、二氧化硅微粉、ρ‑氧化铝、精细陶瓷粉末、镁铝尖晶石、三聚磷酸钠、防爆纤维组成。本材料具有高强度和良好的耐磨性，以抵抗固体物料的磨损和热气流的冲刷，具有优良的体积密度及稳定性和耐酸碱性，以抵抗炉内酸碱性物质的侵蚀，具有良好的热冲击稳定性，以抵抗炉温的变化对材料的破坏，具有良好的抗侵蚀能力，以避免侵蚀而引起炉衬崩裂，使用周期大大延长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高温耐磨材料相关技术领域，特别涉及一种适用于垃圾焚烧炉内衬的耐磨、耐腐及抗结渣的高温耐磨复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
城市垃圾发电厂焚烧的垃圾通常为不同组成的非均匀性混合物，既有可燃的塑料、富含水分的生活垃圾、木材、纸屑等，也有不可燃砖头、瓦砾、金属等，其类型、数量和热含量方面也有很大不同。由于城市生活垃圾组成成份相当复杂，经过焚烧处理后，生成的烟气中所含的灰份性质具有粘性，很容易粘附在受热面表面，粘附在炉壁上形成紧密的灰渣层，逐步累积越来越厚就是我们所称的结渣，尤其是两侧墙、前后拱等部位耐火材料腐蚀、磨损、结渣尤其突出，一直是行业内迫切需要解决的难题。
目前可行的减少耐火材料结渣的方法主要有：1、保证空气和燃料的良好混合，合理而良好的炉内空气动力工况可减缓结渣的形成，但是在锅炉运行中很难达到所投入的垃圾为同一种类型垃圾，在理论上可行在实际操作中难以实现。2、抵御腐蚀和结渣可通过实际工况使用针对垃圾焚烧炉特点的特种高温耐磨复合材料，这就需要通过提高高温耐磨复合材料的性能来实现。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述技术的不足，提供一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料及其制备方法，具有优异的耐磨性、抗侵蚀性、耐冲刷性、热震稳定性和自润性，可有效抵御腐蚀和结渣。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，其特征在于，由以下质量百分比计的组分组成：
刚玉细粉 1～3mm 13～17%
0.4～1mm 17～21%
0.065～0.088mm 13～17%
磷酸二氢铝 22～30%
蓝晶石 0.074～0.084mm 7～14%
纯铝酸钙水泥 2～5%
二氧化硅微粉 0.01～0.02mm、SiO2≥98% 2～4%
ρ-氧化铝≤0.045mm 1～2%
精细陶瓷粉末 0.01～0.025mm 1～2%
镁铝尖晶石 0.043～0.053目、Al2O3≥78％ 0.5～3.5%
三聚磷酸钠 0.1～0.5%
防爆纤维 0.03～0.05%。
进一步地，所述刚玉细粉为电熔锆刚玉、电熔板状刚玉中的一种或组合，组合使用时，产品性能不因电熔锆刚玉和电熔板状刚玉的比例参数而受到影响。
进一步地，所述精细陶瓷粉末为碳化硼、氮化铝、氮化硅和氧化钇稳定氧化锆中的一种。
一种上述抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，将上述的各料按质量配比计量，充分搅拌混合后入袋封装；施工前，在混合物料中掺水并进行搅拌，形成湿料后再施工。
本发明的有益效果为：材料中添加镁铝尖晶石可以提高耐高温性和热震稳定性；电熔铬酸钙提高了材料的耐高温性和材料粘结强度；防爆纤维可以提高材料的热冲击稳定性，防止材料在高温下爆裂的风险；通过添加碳化物、氮化物和氧化钇稳定氧化锆可提高材料的致密性和疏水性，具有显气孔率低、自润性能好的特点，可以有效减少结渣对炉壁的附着、在锅炉运行中结渣不容易附着炉墙；本材料具有高强度和良好的耐磨性，以抵抗固体物料的磨损和热气流的冲刷，具有优良的体积密度及稳定性和耐酸碱性，以抵抗炉内酸碱性物质的侵蚀，具有良好的热冲击稳定性，以抵抗炉温的变化对材料的破坏，具有良好的抗侵蚀能力，以避免侵蚀而引起炉衬崩裂，使用周期大大延长。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1
一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，由以下质量百分比计的组分组成：
电熔锆刚玉 1～3mm 13%
0.4～1mm 21%
0.065～0.088mm 15%
磷酸二氢铝 28%
蓝晶石 0.074～0.084mm 10%
纯铝酸钙水泥 5%
二氧化硅微粉 0.01～0.02mm、SiO2≥98% 2%
ρ-氧化铝≤0.045mm 2%
碳化硼粉末 0.01～0.025mm、B4C≥98% 2%
镁铝尖晶石 0.043～0.053目、Al2O3≥78％ 1.6%
三聚磷酸钠 0.37%
防爆纤维 0.03%。
制造时，将上述的各料按质量配比计量，充分搅拌混合后入袋封装；施工前，在混合物料中掺水并进行搅拌，形成湿料后再施工，作为垃圾焚烧炉内衬，经烧结后稳定，内衬的性能参数见表一。
实施例2
一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，由以下质量百分比计的组分组成：
电熔板状刚玉 1～3mm 16%
0.4～1mm 20%
0.065～0.088mm 13%
磷酸二氢铝 22%
蓝晶石 0.074～0.084mm 14%
纯铝酸钙水泥 4%
二氧化硅微粉 0.01～0.02mm、SiO2≥98% 4%
ρ-氧化铝≤0.045mm 1%
氮化铝粉末 0.01～0.025mm、AlN≥98% 2%
镁铝尖晶石 0.043～0.053目、Al2O3≥78％ 3.5%
三聚磷酸钠 0.46%
防爆纤维 0.04%。
制造时，将上述的各料按质量配比计量，充分搅拌混合后入袋封装；施工前，在混合物料中掺水并进行搅拌，形成湿料后再施工，作为垃圾焚烧炉内衬，经烧结后稳定，内衬的性能参数见表一。
实施例3
一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，由以下质量百分比计的组分组成：
电熔锆刚玉1～3mm 14%
电熔锆刚玉 0.4～1mm 20%
电熔板状刚玉 0.065～0.088mm 14%
磷酸二氢铝 29%
蓝晶石 0.074～0.084mm 12%
纯铝酸钙水泥 2%
二氧化硅微粉 0.01～0.02mm、SiO2≥98% 3%
ρ-氧化铝≤0.045mm 2%
氮化硅粉末 0.01～0.025mm、Si3N4≥98% 1%
镁铝尖晶石 0.043～0.053目、Al2O3≥78％ 2.85%
三聚磷酸钠 0.1%
防爆纤维 0.05%。
制造时，将上述的各料按质量配比计量，充分搅拌混合后入袋封装；施工前，在混合物料中掺水并进行搅拌，形成湿料后再施工，作为垃圾焚烧炉内衬，经烧结后稳定，内衬的性能参数见表一。
实施例4
一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，由以下质量百分比计的组分组成：
电熔板状刚玉 1～3mm 15%
电熔板状刚玉 0.4～1mm 18%
电熔锆刚玉 0.065～0.088mm 17%
磷酸二氢铝 30%
蓝晶石 0.074～0.084mm 7%
纯铝酸钙水泥 4%
二氧化硅微粉 0.01～0.02mm、SiO2≥98% 4%
ρ-氧化铝≤0.045mm 2%
氧化钇稳定氧化锆粉末 0.01～0.025mm、纯度≥98% 1%
镁铝尖晶石 0.043～0.053目、Al2O3≥78％ 1.45%
三聚磷酸钠 0.5%
防爆纤维 0.05%。
制造时，将上述的各料按质量配比计量，充分搅拌混合后入袋封装；施工前，在混合物料中掺水并进行搅拌，形成湿料后再施工，作为垃圾焚烧炉内衬，经烧结后稳定，内衬的性能参数见表一。
实施例5
一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，由以下质量百分比计的组分组成：
电熔锆刚玉1～3mm 17%
电熔板状刚玉 0.4～1mm 17%
电熔锆刚玉 0.065～0.088mm 15%
磷酸二氢铝 27%
蓝晶石 0.074～0.084mm 13%
纯铝酸钙水泥 5%
二氧化硅微粉 0.01～0.02mm、SiO2≥98% 3%
ρ-氧化铝≤0.045mm 1%
碳化硼粉末 0.01～0.025mm、B4C≥98% 1%
镁铝尖晶石 0.043～0.053目、Al2O3≥78％ 0.5%
三聚磷酸钠 0.46%
防爆纤维 0.04%。
制造时，将上述的各料按质量配比计量，充分搅拌混合后入袋封装；施工前，在混合物料中掺水并进行搅拌，形成湿料后再施工，作为垃圾焚烧炉内衬，经烧结后稳定，内衬的性能参数见表一。
实施例6
一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，由以下质量百分比计的组分组成：
电熔板状刚玉 1～3mm 14%
电熔锆刚玉 0.4～1mm 19%
电熔锆刚玉 0.065～0.088mm 16%
磷酸二氢铝 26%
蓝晶石 0.074～0.084mm 12%
纯铝酸钙水泥 3%
二氧化硅微粉 0.01～0.02mm、SiO2≥98% 3%
ρ-氧化铝≤0.045mm 1%
氧化钇稳定氧化锆粉末 0.01～0.025mm、纯度≥98% 2%
镁铝尖晶石 0.043～0.053目、Al2O3≥78％ 1.72%
三聚磷酸钠 0.25%
防爆纤维 0.03%。
制造时，将上述的各料按质量配比计量，充分搅拌混合后入袋封装；施工前，在混合物料中掺水并进行搅拌，形成湿料后再施工，作为垃圾焚烧炉内衬，经烧结后稳定，内衬的性能参数见表一。
| 项目/参数 | 实施例1 | 实施例1 | 实施例1 | 实施例1 | 实施例1 | 实施例1 |
| 110℃×24h烘后体积密度（g/cm<sup>3</sup>） | 3.628 | 3.617 | 3.564 | 3.245 | 3.548 | 3.702 |
| 耐火度（℃） | 1800 | 1850 | 1850 | 1900 | 1800 | 1850 |
| 110℃×24h 烘后耐压强度（MPa） | 149 | 151 | 145 | 156 | 150 | 153 |
| 1100℃×3h 烧后耐压强度（MPa） | 192 | 201 | 186 | 205 | 200 | 203 |
| 110℃×24h 烘后抗折强度（MPa） | 26 | 28 | 25 | 30 | 28 | 29 |
| 1100℃×3h 烧后抗折强度（MPa） | 35 | 38 | 36 | 39 | 38 | 38 |
| 1450℃×2h重烧线变化率（%） | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 |
| 显气孔率（%） | 5 | 4.9 | 5 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.9 |
| 热震稳定性（次） | ＞35 | ＞35 | ＞35 | ＞35 | ＞35 | ＞35 |
| 耐磨性（CC） | ＜2 | ＜2 | ＜2 | ＜2 | ＜2 | ＜2 |
表1
所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，其特征在于，由以下质量百分比计的组分组成：
刚玉细粉 1～3mm 13～17%
0.4～1mm 17～21%
0.065～0.088mm 13～17%
磷酸二氢铝 22～30%
蓝晶石 0.074～0.084mm 7～14%
纯铝酸钙水泥 2～5%
二氧化硅微粉 0.01～0.02mm、SiO2≥98% 2～4%
ρ-氧化铝 ≤0.045mm 1～2%
精细陶瓷粉末 0.01～0.025mm 1～2%
镁铝尖晶石 0.043～0.053目、Al2O3≥78％ 0.5～3.5%
三聚磷酸钠 0.1～0.5%
防爆纤维 0.03～0.05%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，其特征在于，所述刚玉细粉为电熔锆刚玉、电熔板状刚玉中的一种或组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料，其特征在于，所述精细陶瓷粉末为碳化硼、氮化铝、氮化硅和氧化钇稳定氧化锆中的一种。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的抗结渣高温耐磨复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，将权利要求1所述的各料按质量配比计量，充分搅拌混合后入袋封装；施工前，在混合物料中掺水并进行搅拌，形成湿料后再施工。
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