CN111758667A - Method for promoting synchronous delinting of cashmere goats - Google Patents
Method for promoting synchronous delinting of cashmere goats Download PDFInfo
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- CNMFGFBWPBBGKX-SCGRZTRASA-L zinc;(2s)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CSCC[C@H](N)C([O-])=O.CSCC[C@H](N)C([O-])=O CNMFGFBWPBBGKX-SCGRZTRASA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for synchronously delinting down goats. Starting from 30 days in 1 month, artificially illuminating the down producing goat by using a red or white LED lamp after sunset every day, and increasing the daily illumination time of the down producing goat: 1 month and 30 days to 2 months and 18 days, and the artificial illumination time is increased for 5.5 hours every day; the artificial illumination time is increased for 4.5 hours every day from 19 days in 2 months to 13 days in 3 months; 3, 14 days in 3 months to 4 days in 4 months, and the artificial illumination time is increased for 3.5 hours every day; combing the wool within 4 months and 5 days, and increasing artificial illumination for 2.5 hours each day; the illumination intensity at the eye height of the down producing goats is 230Lux, and meanwhile, 100mg of zinc methionine is supplemented to each down producing goat every day, so that the down producing goat group can be synchronously delinted, the cashmere of each part of the body of each down producing goat can be in the same state, and the time and the labor are saved and the down combing amount is more for herdsmen; reduce herdsman's comb fine hair time and labour cost, increase comb fine hair volume, improve herdsman's income.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry production, in particular to a method for promoting synchronous delinting of cashmere goats.
Background
Cashmere (Cashmere) is a thin layer of fine down grown on the outer cuticle of the Cashmere goat, covering the root of the Cashmere goat hair. In 2018, the goat stock in China is 13574.69 thousands, the cashmere yield is 15437.76 tons, and high-quality cashmere accounts for more than 80% of the total global amount, so that the goat stock is a high-quality characteristic resource in China.
And (4) from the bottom of every 4 months to the beginning of every 6 months, judging the time for combing the cashmere by checking the cashmere shedding conditions around the ear roots and the eye circles, and combing the cashmere when the cashmere roots begin to loosen. Due to the individual difference of the cashmere goats, the cashmere carding time of a cashmere goat group is longer, the cashmere carding time of the cashmere goat group is usually about one month, meanwhile, each cashmere goat has the difference of shedding sequence at each part, the cashmere of a part with good cashmere shedding is easy to comb away, the cashmere of a part with poor cashmere shedding is not easy to comb away, the cashmere carding time of each cashmere goat is longer, and the time and labor cost of the cashmere carding of the cashmere goat are higher.
Therefore, the down producing goat group can synchronously remove the down, the down combing time of the down producing goats can be reduced, the labor cost of down producing goat farmers can be reduced, the down combing amount of the down producing goats can be increased, and the income of the farmers can be increased.
Cashmere is a product in specific environments, and the growth and shedding of cashmere are mainly affected by seasons. The major producing area of down producing goats in China is mostly located in north latitude N35-N45 degrees, and the annual illumination period rule is as follows: the minimum illumination time is about 9 hours in winter (12 months and 21 days), then the illumination time is gradually increased, the maximum illumination time is about 15 hours in summer (6 months and 21 days), and then the illumination time is gradually decreased, as shown in figure 1. And the spectral components are different, so that the short light wave is more in summer and the long light wave is more in winter. The three primary colors of light are red, green and blue, and the wavelength range of each light is as follows: blue light of 450-480 nm, green light of 500-560 nm and red light of 605-700 nm. The cashmere goats have developed color vision and are sensitive to light color, and the light color can influence the production performance of the cashmere goats by stimulating the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone of hypothalamus.
Cashmere is produced by secondary hair follicles of cashmere goats, which undergo a growth phase, a catagen phase and a telogen phase, and cashmere grows when sunlight becomes short from summer to (6 months and 21 days) and stops growing and gradually falls off when sunlight increases after spring minutes (3 months and 21 days), as shown in fig. 2.
The cashmere grows continuously and periodically along with the life of the cashmere goats. The cashmere is continuously and periodically regenerated, the hair matrix cells begin to proliferate under the signal action of the interstitial cells in the next growth phase, new hair bulbs and hair papillae are formed at the bottom ends of the hair follicles, the new hair (cashmere) begins to grow, the old hair (cashmere) is pushed out, and the new cashmere stretches out of the skin, as shown in figure 3. Therefore, the cashmere detergent promotes the growth of new cashmere, is beneficial to pushing out old cashmere, and promotes the shedding of cashmere.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for increasing the daily illumination time of the cashmere goat by artificial illumination and promoting the synchronous shedding of the cashmere goat by combining with the supplementary feeding of zinc methionine, thereby improving the economic benefit of the cashmere goat industry, promoting the income increase of farmers and herdsmen and promoting the sustainable development of the cashmere goat industry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for promoting synchronous delinting of cashmere goats is characterized by comprising the following steps: after january, artificial light was used to increase the light exposure time for the cashmere goats, while each cashmere goat was fed daily with zinc methionine.
Further, the artificial illumination time is increased for 5.5 hours every day from 30 days in 1 month to 18 days in 2 months; the artificial illumination time is increased for 4.5h every day from 19 days in 2 months to 13 days in 3 months; the artificial illumination time is increased for 3.5h every day from 14 days in 3 months to 4 days in 4 months; the artificial light is added daily for 2.5h from 4 months and 5 days to combing.
Further, the specific operation of increasing the light time for the cashmere goat is as follows: and (3) after sunset, carrying out artificial illumination on the cashmere goats by using red or white LED lamps.
Further, the illumination intensity of the LED lamp at the eye height of the cashmere goat is 230 Lux.
Furthermore, during the period from 1 month and 30 days to carding, each cashmere goat is supplemented with 100mg zinc methionine every day.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, after the end of the month of January every year, the artificial illumination is utilized to increase the daily illumination time of the cashmere goats, so that the cashmere secondary hair follicles can be accelerated to enter the retreat stage, the synchronous delinting of the cashmere goats is promoted, and the cashmere of all parts of each cashmere goat body also reaches the same state; the herdsman can comb the down more time and labor, and the down combing amount is more; reduce herdsman's comb fine hair time and labour cost, increase comb fine hair volume, improve herdsman's income.
2. According to the invention, when the artificial illumination of the cashmere goat is increased, the cashmere goat is fed with zinc methionine, the growth of cashmere can be promoted by adding methionine into the daily ration, and the growth and the keratinization of cashmere can be promoted by adding zinc methionine into the daily ration, so that the zinc methionine is fed to the cashmere goat in spring, the development of new cashmere can be promoted, the shedding of old cashmere is facilitated, and the synchronous shedding of the cashmere goat is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the solar illumination cycle in north China.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the growth cycle of a down producing goat hair follicle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a down producing goat hair follicle.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between LED lamps and sheepcote in the method for promoting synchronous delinting of cashmere goats.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the division of different parts of the cashmere goat in the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, the LED lamp comprises 1-sheep hurdle and 2-LED lamp.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
A method for promoting synchronous delinting of a cashmere goat comprises the steps of placing red or white LED lamps 2 around a goat house 1, adjusting the illumination intensity and hanging height of the LED lamps 2 according to the size of the goat house, and adjusting by using data measured by a light intensity measuring instrument to enable the illumination intensity of the LED lamps 2 at the height of goat eyes to be 230Lux, as shown in figure 4. After january each year, the LED lamp 2 is used for artificially illuminating the cashmere goat according to an artificial illumination increasing program, and daily illumination time is increased for the cashmere goat until the time of combing the cashmere of the cashmere goat is finished; meanwhile, 100mg of zinc methionine is added into the daily ration of each cashmere goat every day.
Specifically, the artificial light addition procedure is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Artificial light augmentation procedure
The artificial illumination time is increased for 5.5h every day from 1 month and 30 days to 2 months and 18 days; the artificial illumination time is increased for 4.5h every day from 19 days in 2 months to 13 days in 3 months; the artificial illumination time is increased for 3.5h every day from 14 days in 3 months to 4 days in 4 months; the artificial light is added daily for 2.5h from 4 months and 5 days to combing.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in 2018, 30 days in 1 month to 25 days in 4 months, 100 cashmere goats with similar ages and growth states are selected in a Barn Hippocampus, Henhahhan white cashmere goat breeding field, wherein 50 cashmere goats with similar ages and growth states are subjected to conventional management to serve as a control group, in addition, 50 cashmere goats are subjected to artificial illumination according to an artificial illumination increasing program of the invention to increase daily illumination time of the cashmere goats, a comparison experiment is carried out, during the experiment, the hormone change condition in the cashmere goat blood and the cashmere combing result of the cashmere goats are counted, and the counting result is shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 statistical table of hormone change in blood of each group of cashmere goats
Note: in the table, the same column of data marked with different capital letters indicates significant difference (p <0.05), and the table is the same.
TABLE 3 statistical table of the combing results of various groups of cashmere goats
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the Melatonin (MT) concentration in the blood of the light-irradiated cashmere goats decreased naturally and rapidly, and Prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels were significantly increased; each cashmere goat can increase the cashmere yield by 47.83g, the herdsman cashmere combing force is reduced by 20.51%, and the cashmere combing time is reduced by 16.42 minutes.
The cashmere goats were divided into six parts from the goat head to the goat tail, and the combing amounts of the different parts of the cashmere goats were counted, and the results are shown in table 4. The quality of the cashmere samples of the control group and the experimental group were analyzed, and the results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 4 wool combing results of different parts of each group of cashmere goats
TABLE 5 analysis results of the quality of each group of cashmere samples
From the combing amount of different parts in table 4, the combing amount of each part was slightly higher than that of the control group except that the part No. 2 (front lower part of cashmere goat) was slightly lower than that of the control group. As can be seen from the results of cashmere quality analysis in Table 5, the experimental group and the control group have no difference in cashmere fineness and fineness dispersion, and the cashmere length is slightly lower than that of the control group, but the fluff ratio is higher than that of the control group.
As can be seen from the first embodiment, the light control is adopted to change the blood hormone of the cashmere goat, so that the cashmere yield of each cashmere goat can be increased by 47.83g during the carding, and the carding strength and the carding time are both reduced. The cashmere of each part drops better, and the volume of combing is more to do not have the influence to the fine hair quality.
Example two:
on the basis of example one, from 1 month and 15 days to 4 months and 15 days in 2019, in a breeding field of the white cashmere goats in the mountain of the mountain Balin, Henhahan mountain in the Chifeng city, 90 cashmere goats with similar ages and growth states are selected and divided into 9 groups, and comparative experiments are carried out, wherein the experimental orthogonal design conditions and results are shown in tables 6 and 7.
TABLE 6 orthogonal design of cashmere goat combing test
TABLE 7 wool goat combing results
The orthogonal design conditions of the test are shown in table 6, the test compares the influences of different illumination starting times (1 month 15 days, 1 month 30 days and 2 months 15 days), different illumination intensities (200Lux, 230Lux and 250Lux) and different illumination time lengths (14h, 15h and 16h) on the cashmere carding quantity, the carding force and the carding time, and 9 groups of experiments are designed through a three-factor three-level orthogonal test. Comparing the carding quantity of each group, the result shows that three factors of supplementary illumination starting time, illumination intensity and illumination duration have obvious influence (P <0.05) on the carding quantity of the cashmere, wherein the starting time is 1 month and 30 days, the illumination intensity is 230Lux, the total illumination duration is 15h, the optimal condition is adopted, and the carding quantity is the maximum. Starting at 15 days 1 month and 250Lux or 16h illumination duration also had the effect of increasing down production, but was less than ideal under optimal conditions.
As can be seen from example II, the optimal illumination control condition is that the starting time is 1 month and 30 days, the illumination intensity is 230Lux, and the total illumination time is 15 h.
Example three:
on the basis of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, 40 down goats similar in age and growth state are selected in a breeding field of white down goats in the mountain range of Balin, Heihan mountain, in 2020 and 1 month to 4 months and 6 days, and are divided into 4 groups, artificial illumination is added according to an illumination program, the colors of LED lamps are red, green, blue and white respectively, 10 down goats in each group are subjected to comparison experiments, and the experimental design and results are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 influence of different color LED lamps on the production of cashmere by cashmere goats
As can be seen from Table 8, the LED lamps with different colors have different effects on the down production of the down producing goat, and the down combing amount under the red LED lamp is the highest and is significantly higher than that of the blue LED lamp group combined by the green LED lamps (P <0.05), but the difference with the white LED lamp group is not significant (P > 0.05). But the difference between each group in combing force and combing time is not significant (P > 0.05).
As can be seen from the third embodiment, the combing amount under the red LED lamp is the highest, the effect is the best, the white LED lamp is the second to the last, but the difference is not significant, so that the red LED lamp and the white LED lamp can be used for controlling the illumination of the cashmere goat.
Example four:
on the basis of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, in 2020, 1 month and 30 days to 4 months and 6 days, 40 down goats with similar ages and individual sizes are selected from a Binghan white down goat breeding field in the mountain forest of Chifeng city, artificial illumination is added according to an illumination program, the LED lamps are white and divided into 4 groups, zinc methionine is added into the daily ration of each group of sheep, and the addition amount of each group of zinc methionine is 0mg/d, 50mg/d, 100mg/d and 150mg/d respectively. The time for each group of cashmere, the amount of cashmere and the quality of cashmere were measured at the end of the experiment, and the results are shown in table 9.
TABLE 9 influence of different zinc methioninates on the quality of down produced by a down producing goat
As can be seen from Table 9, after artificial lighting of the cashmere goats, the amount of combing was increased after addition of zinc methionine to the ration, with the groups at 100mg/d and 150mg/d being significantly higher (P < 0.05). From the combing time, the reduction of each experimental group was found, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). From the aspect of wool quality, the effect of zinc methionine on wool length and wool fineness is not obvious, but the wool length tends to be improved, and from the aspect of wool strength, the wool strength of a group added with zinc methionine is improved, but 100mg/d is obviously higher than that of a group 0mg/d and a group 50 mg/d.
It can be seen from the fourth embodiment that after the cashmere goats are artificially illuminated, the 100mg/d zinc methionine is added into the daily ration, so that the cashmere yield and the cashmere strength of the cashmere can be improved.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A method for promoting synchronous delinting of cashmere goats is characterized by comprising the following steps: after january, artificial light was used to increase the light exposure time for the cashmere goats, while each cashmere goat was fed daily with zinc methionine.
2. The method for promoting the synchronous delinting of the cashmere goats according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the artificial illumination time is increased for 5.5h every day from 1 month and 30 days to 2 months and 18 days; the artificial illumination time is increased for 4.5h every day from 19 days in 2 months to 13 days in 3 months; the artificial illumination time is increased for 3.5h every day from 14 days in 3 months to 4 days in 4 months; the artificial light is added daily for 2.5h from 4 months and 5 days to combing.
3. The method for promoting the synchronous delinting of the cashmere goat as claimed in claim 2, wherein the operation of adding the light time to the cashmere goat is specifically: and (3) after sunset, carrying out artificial illumination on the cashmere goats by using red or white LED lamps.
4. The method for promoting the synchronous delinting of the cashmere goats according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the illumination intensity of the LED lamp at the eye height of the cashmere goat is 230 Lux.
5. The method for promoting the synchronous delinting of the cashmere goats according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: during the period from 1 month and 30 days to wool combing, each cashmere goat is supplemented with 100mg zinc methionine every day.
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