CN111757977A - 具有涡轮机旁路的低压egr系统 - Google Patents

具有涡轮机旁路的低压egr系统 Download PDF

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CN111757977A
CN111757977A CN201980013406.4A CN201980013406A CN111757977A CN 111757977 A CN111757977 A CN 111757977A CN 201980013406 A CN201980013406 A CN 201980013406A CN 111757977 A CN111757977 A CN 111757977A
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exhaust gas
exhaust
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valve
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CN111757977B (zh
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菲利普·克鲁兹齐格
迈克尔·费舍尔
雅罗斯拉夫·基拉特
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Tenneco GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/031Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
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    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2053By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
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    • F02B47/00Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/04Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only
    • F02B47/08Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only the substances including exhaust gas
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    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
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    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/07Mixed pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is either taken out upstream of the turbine and reintroduced upstream of the compressor, or is taken out downstream of the turbine and reintroduced downstream of the compressor
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    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
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    • F02M26/42Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于汽油发动机(2)的废气传导系统(1),包括可连接至所述汽油发动机(2)的排气歧管(2.1)的排气管路(2.3)、可连接至所述汽油发动机(2)的进气歧管(2.2)的进气管路(2.4)、布置在所述进气管路(2.4)中的增压空气压缩机(4)以及布置在所述排气管路(2.3)中的涡轮机(3),其中所述排气管路(2.3)包括带有旁通节流阀(1.4)的至少一个旁通管路(1.1),所述旁通管路(1.1)从所述涡轮机(3)的上游的所述排气管路(2.3)分支出,并在所述涡轮机(3)的下游的开口(1.8)处分支回到所述排气管路(2.3);所述废气传导系统(1)还包括带有EGR节流阀(1.3)的至少一个废气再循环管路(1.5),所述废气再循环管路(1.5)通向所述进气管路(2.4);其中所述废气再循环管路(1.5)在分支(1.7)处从所述旁通管路(1.1)分支出,其中所述旁通节流阀(1.4)布置在所述废气再循环管路(1.5)的分支(1.7)的上游;其中在所述旁通管路(1.1)的开口(1.8)的上游的所述排气管路(2.3)中设有废气阀(1.9)。

Description

具有涡轮机旁路的低压EGR系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽油发动机的废气传导系统,其包括可连接至所述汽油发动机的排气歧管的排气管路、可连接至所述汽油发动机的进气歧管的进气管路、布置在所述进气管路中的增压空气压缩机以及布置在所述排气管路中的涡轮机,其中,所述排气管路具有带有旁通节流阀的至少一个旁通管路,所述旁通管路从所述涡轮机的上游的所述排气管路分支出,并在所述涡轮机的下游的开口处分支回到所述排气管路;其中还设置有带有EGR节流阀的至少一个废气再循环管路,所述废气再循环管路通向所述进气管路,其中所述废气再循环管路在分支处从所述旁通管路分支出;其中所述旁通节流阀布置在所述废气再循环管路的分支的上游;其中在所述旁通管路的开口的上游的所述排气管路中设有废气阀。
本发明还涉及一种用于操作汽油发动机的方法,该方法包括所述废气传导系统。
背景技术
DE 10 2015 108 223 A1公开了一种已知的用于汽油发动机的废气传导系统。该废气传导系统具有废气再循环管路,该废气再循环管路在压缩机上游的进气管路中打开。另外,该废气传导系统还为涡轮机提供了旁通管路,废气再循环管路在该旁通管路上分支。该废气再循环管路中布置有颗粒过滤器,其中该颗粒过滤器具有用于将一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物进行转化的催化活性涂层。
WO 2015/004497 A1还公开了一种已知的用于汽油发动机的废气传导系统。旁通管路和废气再循环管路通过三位二通阀连接,其中废气再循环管路在涡轮机的上游分支,并向压缩机的下游打开。
US 9,593,619B2还公开了一种已知的用于具有废气再循环管路的汽油发动机的废气传导系统。
DE 20 2017 105 126 U1描述了一种具有废气再循环管路和旁通管路的废气传导系统,其中设置有颗粒过滤器,该颗粒过滤器位于废气再循环管路支路上游的旁通管路中。
与柴油发动机不同,汽油发动机的颗粒过滤器无需额外的主动措施即可大量再生,即在正常的汽油发动机框架条件下,保留到该点的颗粒质量(积聚或嵌入碳氢化合物的烟灰颗粒)在燃烧过程中基本上转化为二氧化碳或水。为此,需要超过500℃的足够高温的废气与氧气以进行燃烧。该废气温度是在汽油发动机的非常广泛的运行范围内实现的。由于大多数汽油发动机是按化学计量运行的,因此废气中的氧气含量可能太低,无法充分燃烧过滤器中包含的颗粒质量。在这种情况下,在过渡模式下,汽油发动机的通常超速停车阶段有助于缓解当驾驶员由于缺乏负载要求而出于消耗原因而关闭发动机喷射的这种情况。在发动机制动模式下,由于机动发动机的作用,纯净空气通过废气系统流入。未燃烧的空气与颗粒过滤器中先前已被加热的颗粒接触。如果温度足够高,这些颗粒会着火并燃烧成可通过颗粒过滤器逸出的气体。结果,净化了颗粒过滤器。
从根本上说,根据废气再循环的EGR管路的支路和EGR管路在进气管路中的开度,对废气再循环的三个变型进行区分。涡轮机上游的EGR管路的分支与一个或多个压缩机下游的EGR管路的开口的组合被称为高压EGR(HD-EGR或HP-EGR)。涡轮机上游的EGR管路的分支与一个或多个压缩机上游的EGR管路的开口的组合被称为最大压力EGR(MD-EGR或MP-EGR)。结合本发明使用的在一个或多个涡轮机下游的EGR管路的分支和一个或多个压缩机上游的开口的组合被称为低压EGR(ND-EGR或LP-EGR)。
发明内容
构成本发明基础的目的是形成并布置一种用于汽油发动机的废气传导系统,使得可以在扩大的应用范围内进行废气再循环。
根据本发明,该目的是这样实现的,即,将颗粒过滤器布置在废气再循环管路的分支的下游的旁通管路中。因此可以在废气再循环管路的分支的上游形成无颗粒过滤器的旁通管路。结果,不仅实现了可以在EGR模式下,而且可以在旁路模式下,将颗粒过滤器用在EGR管路中,其结果是,特别是在冷启动模式下,确保非常快速的加热或熄灭。这尤其是由于以下事实:颗粒过滤器被设计用于需要进行再循环的废气流;换言之,它相对较小。当汽油发动机处于部分负载模式时,当旁通节流阀关闭且废气阀打开时,EGR废气流因此在涡轮机的下游分支,并在另一个方向上流过所述颗粒过滤器。
与冷启动一样,在满载模式下,在废气再循环期间,颗粒过滤器可以相对于流动方向以相反的方向流过,这导致了过滤器的再生。
为此,当至少一个颗粒过滤器具有用于转化一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物的催化活性的三元涂层时,也是有利的。因此,可以广泛地净化再循环废气。在此,保护冷却器免于污染和过酸性废气的负荷,从而确保最佳的冷却。
此外,当在EGR节流阀的上游和颗粒过滤器的下游的废气再循环管路内设置冷却器时,可能是有利的。通过将冷却器定位在颗粒过滤器的下游,可以实现冷却器的最佳效果和效率。
当在排气管路中设置三通废气催化转化器和/或颗粒过滤器时,也是有利的。因此,特别是在充分加热废气之后,实现了主要废气流的净化。
在此,这可能是有利的:在颗粒过滤器的下游和在开口的上游,旁通管路没有废气阀或废气门,或者在旁通管路中仅在颗粒过滤器的下游和开口的上游设有一个旁通阀,以改善声学特性。因此,在颗粒过滤器的下游且在通向主废气道之前,不使用废气门或废气阀的情况下,废气引导系统起作用。仅在由于废气系统结构而发生不利和不利的脉动情况下,才需要使用这种旁通阀。这是因为抑制脉动导致声学特性的改善,并且避免了由于反压的不利形成而导致的容量不足。
当旁通管路在颗粒过滤器的上游或在废气再循环管路的分支的上游不具有到排气管路的连接管路时,对于本发明尤其重要。无需其它连接管路即可确保废气传导系统正常运行。
关于根据本发明的构造和布置,当增压空气再循环管路在增压空气冷却器的下游设置有分支以及设置位于EGR冷却器和EGR节流阀之间的开口时,是有利的。通过使用增压空气再循环管路,可以缩短用于颗粒过滤器的再生间隔,因为除了超速模式之外,即,包括有负荷要求,还可以确保废气中的氧含量增加。增加的氧气比例也可用于再生主颗粒过滤器。
此外,有利的是,当设置有废气分流管路时,该废气分流管路在颗粒过滤器下游的分支处且在开口之前分支,并且在三元催化转化器的下游和/或下游的排气管路中分支回来。在颗粒过滤器的第一实施例中,其中至少一个第一分流阀位于分支和开口之间。通过使用废气分流管路,可以考虑主排气管路内的不同压力损失。当已经通过废气再循环管路或旁通管路中的过滤器催化转化器净化了废气时,可以通过所述分支旁通主废气道或主颗粒过滤器中的三元催化转化器。
此外,有利的是,通过设置分流部分,该分流部分在分支和第一分流阀之间分支并且在颗粒过滤器下游的开口处向后分支,其中第二分流阀设置在分流部分中。分流部分确保仅在主废气道中绕开颗粒过滤器。以此方式,可以选择引入旁通管路的废气门流的点,该废气流在废气再循环管路的分支中流过具有催化活性三元涂层的颗粒过滤器。换言之,在三元催化转化器之前,在三元催化转化器之后,在排气管路中的颗粒过滤器之前或在排气管路中的颗粒过滤器之后。排气管路中的颗粒过滤器还可以另外具有催化活性的三元涂层。
此外,该目的通过一种用于使汽油发动机具有上述废气传导系统或相应的废气系统的方法来实现,其中:
a)当汽油发动机处于冷启动模式时,旁通节流阀打开,而EGR节流阀和废气阀关闭,因此废气流通过旁通管路和颗粒过滤器被引导通过涡轮机;
b)当汽油发动机处于部分负载模式时,旁通节流阀关闭,废气阀打开,其中,通过EGR节流阀,根据工作点,在废气再循环管路中调节废气质量流量;
c)当汽油发动机处于满负荷模式或至少接近满负荷模式时,EGR节流阀关闭,废气阀打开,其中,通过旁通节流阀,根据工作点,在旁通管路中调节废气质量流量。
最后,当经由增压空气再循环管路和EGR管路将增压空气导入排气管路并再生EGR管路中的颗粒过滤器和/或排气管路中的颗粒过滤器时是有利的。如上所述,由于增压空气的再循环,可以缩短颗粒过滤器的再生间隔,因为在不同的发动机运行状态下,可以在废气中提供足够的氧气。
附图说明
本发明其它的优势以及细节,在权利要求和说明书中加以说明且在附图中示出。附图中:
图1示出了带有集成了LP-EGR的旁通管路的废气传导系统的原理图。
图2示出了根据图1的原理示意图,其具有附加阀。
图3示出了根据图1的原理示意图,其具有增压空气再循环和废气分流管路。
具体实施方式
在根据图1至图的示例性实施例的所有原理图中,揭示了一种废气传导系统1(EGR系统),该废气传导系统1被集成到具有排气歧管2.1和进气歧管2.2以及具有废气涡轮机3和增压空气压缩机4的汽油发动机2的废气和增压空气系统中。废气和增压空气系统具有排气管路2.3,该排气管路2.3连接至汽油发动机2的排气歧管2.1,涡轮机3集成在该排气管路2.3中。在排气管路2.3的末端,废气7离开废气系统1并流入未示出的附加废气路径。另外,本发明还提供了进气管路2.4,所述进气管路2.4连接到汽油发动机2的进气歧管2.2,压缩机4集成在该进气歧管2.2中。进气管路2.4通过未示出的进气系统被供应新鲜空气8。另外,本发明还设有旁通管路1.1,所述旁通管路1.1从排气管路2.3分支出,并且分支回到排气管路2.3中涡轮机3的下游。旁通管路1.1具有用于调节气体质量流量的旁通节流阀1.4。
另外,至少一个低压废气再循环管路1.5(EGR管路)设置有EGR节流阀1.3,该EGR节流阀1.3在分支1.7处从旁通管路1.1分支出,并在压缩机4的上游分支回到进气管路2.4中。废气再循环管路1.5具有EGR冷却器1.6。用于调节EGR管路1.5内的质量流量的EGR节流阀1.3被设置位于EGR冷却器1.6的下游或在通向进气管路2.4之前。
为了净化需要再循环的废气,在旁通管路1.1的用于废气再循环的部分1.1’中布置了颗粒过滤器1.2。该颗粒过滤器1.2涂有三元涂层,并另外执行三元催化转化器的任务。该颗粒过滤器1.2是壁过滤器,其中优选地,两个壁侧均涂覆有三元涂层。这样可以确保在两个流动方向上都具有最佳的催化转化器和过滤效果。即使仅涂覆一个壁侧,也可以在两个流向上确保颗粒过滤器的催化效果。但是,由于流入侧的催化转化器上的活性中心受到颗粒的影响,效率可能降低,结果导致效率降低。
然而,当仅涂覆一侧时,不能在一个流动方向上确保催化效果是不正确的。
废气阀1.9布置在涡轮机3的下游并且在旁通管路1.1的开口1.8的上游。在旁通管路1.1的开口1.8之后的另一路径中,在排气管路2.3中设有三元催化转化器5.1和颗粒过滤器5.2。这两个净化组分也可以形成为具有三元涂层的颗粒过滤器形式的组合四元催化转化器。
在进气管路2.4中设置有增压空气冷却器2.5和增压空气节流阀2.6。
当汽油发动机2处于冷启动模式时,旁通节流阀1.4打开。关闭EGR节流阀1.3和废气阀1.9,以使废气流通过旁通管路1.1之前经过涡轮机3上的颗粒过滤器1.2,从而实现颗粒过滤器1.2的快速加热。颗粒过滤器1.2相对较小,因为它仅被设计用于再循环废气体积流。然而,在冷启动阶段中,它确保了在最终被仍然是冷的主催化转化器最终净化之前,对废气7进行了最佳的预净化。如上所述,在该流动方向上也确保了催化作用。
当汽油发动机2处于部分负荷模式时,旁通节流阀1.4关闭并且废气阀1.9打开。根据工作点,通过EGR节流阀1.3在废气再循环管路1.5内调节废气质量流量。因此,废气流在涡轮机3的下游分支,并从下方通过颗粒过滤器1.2向上流动,如图1所示。
当汽油发动机2处于满负荷模式或至少接近满负荷时,EGR节流阀1.3关闭。废气阀1.9始终打开。根据工作点,通过旁通节流阀1.4在废气旁通管路1.1内调节废气质量流量。与部分负载的EGR模式相比,颗粒过滤器1.2在相反的方向上流动,这导致通过再生对过滤器进行净化。对于这种再生,旁通管路1.1中的废气流的温度足够高。
通常,由于废气7中已经存在过量的氧气,因此当发动机处于超速运行模式时,通过过滤后的残留物的氧化可以使颗粒过滤器1.5、5.2再生。
根据图2所示的示例性实施例,在旁通管路1.1的用作废气再循环管路1.5的部分中设有旁通阀6。这用于避免EGR路径中的脉动。
根据图3所示的示例性实施例,本发明还提供了增压空气再循环管路9,该增压空气再循环管路9可用于将增压空气再循环到废气道中。增压空气再循环管路9具有节流阀9.3、位于增压空气冷却器2.5下游的分支9.1以及位于EGR冷却器1.6与EGR节流阀1.3之间的开口9.2。在再生模式中,增压空气可以通过增压空气再循环管路9和EGR管路1.5被供给到颗粒过滤器1.2。
本发明还提供了废气分流管路10。废气分流管路10在支路10.4处从颗粒过滤器1.2下游的旁通管路1.1的部分1.1’分支出来,并在位于颗粒过滤器5.2和三元催化转化器5.1之间的开口10.5处在排气管路2.3中分支回来。即使当使用废气分流管路10时,旁通阀6也设置在分支10.4的下游的旁通管路1.1’中。另外,在开口10.5的上游设置有第一分流阀10.1,通过该第一分流阀10.1可以密封分流10。当旁通阀6关闭并且分流阀10.1打开时,已经净化的废气7可以通过废气分流管路10被引导通过三元催化转化器5.1。
此外,设置有废气分流管路10的另一分流段10.7(以虚线示出)。分流段10.7在分支10.4和第一分流阀10.1之间分支,并且在颗粒过滤器5.2下游的开口10.6处分支回来。另外,分流段10.7具有第二分流阀10.2,使得净化的废气流可以在颗粒过滤器5.2的下游或在三效催化转化器5.1和颗粒过滤器5.2之间再循环到排气管路2.3中。
以与废气7的再循环相同的方式,在再生模式中,也可以经由三元催化转化器5.1经由废气分流管路10将增压空气供给至颗粒过滤器5.2以进行再生。
元件符号清单
1 废气传导系统/废气系统
1.1 旁通管路
1.1’ 旁通管路的部分,也用于EGR,旁通管路
1.2 颗粒过滤器、涂层
1.3 EGR节流阀
1.4 1.1的旁通节流阀
1.5 废气再循环管路、EGR管路
1.6 冷却器、EGR冷却器
1.7 废气再循环管路1.5的分支
1.8 旁通管路1.1的开口
1.9 废气阀
2 汽油发动机
2.1 排气歧管
2.2 进气歧管
2.3 排气管路
2.4 进气管路
2.5 增压空气冷却器
2.6 增压空气节流阀
3 涡轮机
4 压缩机、空气压缩机
5.1 催化转化器、三元催化转化器
5.2 颗粒过滤器
6 旁通阀
7 废气
8 新鲜空气
9 增压空气再循环管路
9.1 分支
9.2 开口
9.3 节流阀
10 废气分流管路
10.1 第一分流阀
10.2 第二分流阀
10.4 分支
10.5 开口
10.6 开口
10.7 分流段

Claims (12)

1.一种用于汽油发动机(2)的废气传导系统(1),包括可连接至所述汽油发动机(2)的排气歧管(2.1)的排气管路(2.3)、可连接至所述汽油发动机(2)的进气歧管(2.2)的进气管路(2.4)、布置在所述进气管路(2.4)中的增压空气压缩机(4)以及布置在所述排气管路(2.3)中的涡轮机(3),其中所述排气管路(2.3)包括带有旁通节流阀(1.4)的至少一个旁通管路(1.1),所述旁通管路(1.1)从所述涡轮机(3)的上游的所述排气管路(2.3)分支出,并在所述涡轮机(3)的下游的开口(1.8)处分支回到所述排气管路(2.3);所述废气传导系统(1)还包括带有EGR节流阀(1.3)的至少一个废气再循环管路(1.5),所述废气再循环管路(1.5)通向所述进气管路(2.4);其中所述废气再循环管路(1.5)在分支(1.7)处从所述旁通管路(1.1)分支出,其中所述旁通节流阀(1.4)布置在所述废气再循环管路(1.5)的分支(1.7)的上游;其中在所述旁通管路(1.1)的开口(1.8)的上游的所述排气管路(2.3)中设有废气阀(1.9);
其特征在于:
所述旁通管路(1.1)中布置了位于所述废气再循环管路(1.5)的分支(1.7)的下游的至少一个颗粒过滤器(1.2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气传导系统(1),其特征在于:所述至少一个颗粒过滤器(1.2)具有催化活性的三元涂层,用于转化一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物。
3.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1),其特征在于:所述废气再循环管路(1.5)内设有冷却器(1.6),所述冷却器(1.6)位于所述EGR节流阀(1.3)的上游。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1),其特征在于:所述排气管路(2.3)中设有位于所述旁通管路(1.1)的开口(1.8)的下游的三元废气催化转化器(5.1)和/或颗粒过滤器(5.2)。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1),其特征在于:在所述颗粒过滤器(1.2)的下游和所述开口(1.8)的上游,所述旁通管路(1.1’)中未设有废气阀或废气门,或者
在所述颗粒过滤器(1.2)的下游和所述开口(1.8)的上游,所述旁通管路(1.1’)中仅设有一个旁通阀(6)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的废气传导系统(1),其特征在于:所述旁通管路(1.1)在所述颗粒过滤器(1.2)的上游或在所述废气再循环管路(1.5)的分支(1.7)的上游未设置通往所述排气管路(2.3)的连接管路。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1),其特征在于:还设有增压空气再循环管路(9),所述增压空气再循环管路(9)具有位于增压空气冷却器(2.5)的下游的分支(9.1)以及位于所述EGR冷却器(1.6)和所述EGR节流阀(1.3)之间的开口(9.2)。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1),其特征在于:还设有废气分流管路(10),所述废气分流管路(10)从位于所述颗粒过滤器(1.2)的下游且从位于所述开口(1.8)之前的分支(10.4)处分支出;所述废气分流管路(10)在所述三元催化转化器(5.1)的下游和/或所述颗粒过滤器(5.2)的下游分支回到所述排气管路(2.3)中;其中至少一个第一分流阀(10.1)位于所述分支(10.4)和所述开口(10.5)之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的废气传导系统(1),其特征在于:还设有分流部分(10.7),所述分流部分(10.7)在所述分支(10.4)和所述第一分流阀(10.1)之间分支出来,并且在所述颗粒过滤器(5.2)的下游的开口(10.6)处分支回来,其中在所述分流部分(10.7)中设有第二分流阀(10.2)。
10.一种废气系统和/或汽油发动机(2),包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)。
11.一种用于操作汽油发动机(2)的方法,所述汽油发动机(2)包括根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)或废气系统,
其特征在于:
a)当所述汽油发动机(2)处于冷启动模式时,所述旁通节流阀(1.4)打开,所述EGR节流阀(1.3)和所述废气阀(1.9)关闭,使得废气流通过所述旁通管路(1.1)和所述颗粒过滤器(1.2)经过所述涡轮机(3);
b)当所述汽油发动机(2)处于部分负载模式时,所述旁通节流阀(1.4)关闭,所述废气阀(1.9)打开,其中取决于发动机的工作点,通过所述EGR节流阀(1.3)调节所述废气再循环管路(1.5)中的废气质量流量;
c)当所述汽油发动机(2)处于满载模式或至少接近所述满载模式时,所述EGR节流阀(1.3)关闭,所述废气阀(1.9)打开,其中取决于发动机的工作点,通过所述旁通节流阀(1.4)调节所述旁通管路(1.1)中的废气质量流量。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于:
通过所述增压空气再循环管路(9)和所述EGR管路(1.5)将增压空气引入所述排气管路(2.3)中,并使所述颗粒过滤器(1.2)和/或所述颗粒过滤器(5.2)再生。
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